Effect of preceding crops and their residues on availability of zinc in a calcareous Zn-deficient soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hadi Habiby  Majid Afyuni  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh  Rainer Schulin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(7):1061-1067

Limited information is available on the effect of preceding crop on phytoavailability of zinc (Zn) in soil. This pot experiment examined the effect of four preceding crops including clover, sunflower, safflower, and sorghum residues on shoot and grain Zn uptake by two wheat genotypes differing in Zn-deficiency tolerance Back Cross and Kavir in a calcareous Zn-deficient soil. Incorporation of all preceding crop residues into the soil significantly increased organic matter (OM) content, dissolved organic C (DOC), and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn concentration in the soil. Residues of safflower and clover had the greatest effect on increasing DOC. Shoot and grain Zn concentrations were increased by incorporating all pre-crop residues into the soil although this increase was greater at safflower and clover treatments. Incorporation of sorghum residues into the soil had a negative effect on shoot and grain dry matter yield of wheat. Incorporation of safflower and clover residues into the soil increased Zn uptake by wheat shoot and grain. There was a positive significant correlation between shoot and grain Zn concentration with DOC in soil solution. It shows that DOC, produced from decomposition of crop residues, has facilitated Zn uptake by roots of wheat plants and particularly its transfer to grains.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of the surface glycoprotein genes of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses detected in Iran in 2011     

Ebrahim Kord  Amir Kaffashi  Hadi Ghadakchi  Fatemeh Eshratabadi  Zakaria Bameri  Abdelhamed Shoushtari 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(3):549-554

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is causing the death of a large number of wild birds and poultry. HPAI H5N1 was reported in the north of Iran in 2011. In this study, two A/Chicken/Iran/271/2011 and A/Duck/Iran/178/2011 viruses were genetically characterized by sequence analysis of Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses were different from previous Iranian isolates (Clade 2.2) and belonged to the subclade 2.3.2.1. The results showed that the detected viruses are almost identical to each other and closely related to HPAI H5N1 strains isolated in Mongolia in 2010. Based on the amino acid sequence analysis, these viruses at their HA cleavage sites contained the multibasic amino acid motif PQRERRRK-R/GLF lacking a lysine residue compared with the previous reports of the same motif. There is also a 20-amino acid deletion (resides 49–69) in the NA stalk similar to other viruses isolated after 2000. It seems that introduction of HPAI H5N1 to Iran might have happened by wild birds from Mongolian origin virus.  相似文献   

Effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil on male rat fertility     

Haeri S  Minaie B  Amin G  Nikfar S  Khorasani R  Esmaily H  Salehnia A  Abdollahi M 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(7-8):495-499

This study was undertaken to study the effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) in male rat fertility. SKEO was administered orally at doses of 75, 150, and 225 mg/kg/day for 45 days through drinking water. Treated and control rats were mated with female on day 45 of treatment. SKEO significantly improved all the parameters evaluated such as potency, fecundity, fertility index, and litter size. Moreover, concentrations of FSH and testosterone were significantly increased in SKEO-treated groups. Also the weights of testes, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate weights were increased by SKEO (225 mg/kg). Histopathological analysis showed that in male rats treated with SKEO (150, 225 mg/kg) the number of spermatogonium, spermatid cords, Leydig cells, and spermatozoids was increased. Also in these groups, the Sertoli cells were hypertrophic.  相似文献   

Preparation of glucosamine from exoskeleton of shrimp and predicting production yield by response surface methodology     

Mojarrad JS  Nemati M  Valizadeh H  Ansarin M  Bourbour S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2246-2250

Chitin was prepared from Persian Gulf shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros), and then, the obtained chitin was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid solutions. The production yield of glucosamine hydrochloride from chitin was optimized, and the effect of three factors (acid concentration, acid to chitin ratio, and reaction time) was investigated. A Box-Behnken design by Minitab software created 12 reactions with different conditions. Each reaction was performed in two replicates. Response surface methodology was used for predicting the glucosamine preparation. The optimum conditions for glucosamine hydrochloride preparation were 30 and 37% hydrochloric acid, 9:1 (v/w) acid solution to solid ratio, and 4 h of reaction time. Time ratio and time acid concentrations were the effective factors on the yield.  相似文献   

Regional autonomy and local resource management in Indonesia     

Bakti Setiawan  Sudharto P. Hadi 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2007,48(1):72-84

Abstract: As the largest archipelagic nation in the world, with distinctive environmental conditions and biodiversity, Indonesia on the one hand has tremendous natural and environmental riches while on the other hand faces a variety of environmental problems. After three decades of the New Order era, 1967–1998, Indonesian society is in a crucial transformation process towards a more democratic era. At the same time, as indicated in that country's decentralisation laws No. 22/99 and 25/99, Indonesia is also shifting its style of government, from a centralistic to decentralised one. These two trends are happening simultaneously with globalisation prompting a flow of global capital that directly increases pressure on the Indonesian environment. This paper evaluates the decentralisation of environmental management programmes in Indonesia and focuses on the implications of these changes. The weaknesses of current environmental policies and programmes in Indonesia, which give too dominant a role to the government and neglect civil society's involvement in natural resources and environmental management, are analysed. Further, the paper addresses the lack of attention to date to issues of environmental rights and justice that create many complex environmental and social conflicts throughout Indonesia. We conclude by recommending some fundamental changes to environmental policies and programmes in the decentralised system.  相似文献   

Effect of Biuret Content in Urea on the Growth and Nitrogen uptake of some Grain Crops in Egyptian Soils     

A. H. Abdel Hadi  M. S. Khadr  M. N. Bakr 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1983,146(3):379-384

Seven pot experiments were conducted to study the direct and the accumulative effect of urea containing (0.4, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 %) biuret on the growth of rice, wheat, and maize plants and their N content and N uptake in two fine textured alluvial soils and one sandy clay loam (highly calcareous) soil. It was found that both rice and wheat grain yields were not significantly reduced in all soils where urea containing high percentage of biuret was used namely 3 % and 4 %. Ammonium sulphate fertilizer was superior to urea in plant production only in the sandy clay loam. Moreover, the N recovery was higher in the alluvial soils in comparison to the sandy clay loam. The accumulative addition of biuret to the soils did not further reduce either the growth rate or the N uptake of the plants.  相似文献   

Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic variance component for growth traits in Adani goats     

Sadeghi  Seyed Abu Taleb  Rokouei  Mohammad  Valleh  Mehdi Vafaye  Abbasi  Mokhtar Ali  Faraji-Arough  Hadi 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(2):733-742

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Non-additive genetic effects are important to increase the accuracy of estimating genetic parameters for growth traits. The aim of this study was to estimate...  相似文献   

Global desertification: building a science for dryland development   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Reynolds JF  Smith DM  Lambin EF  Turner BL  Mortimore M  Batterbury SP  Downing TE  Dowlatabadi H  Fernández RJ  Herrick JE  Huber-Sannwald E  Jiang H  Leemans R  Lynam T  Maestre FT  Ayarza M  Walker B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5826):847-851

In this millennium, global drylands face a myriad of problems that present tough research, management, and policy challenges. Recent advances in dryland development, however, together with the integrative approaches of global change and sustainability science, suggest that concerns about land degradation, poverty, safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting the culture of 2.5 billion people can be confronted with renewed optimism. We review recent lessons about the functioning of dryland ecosystems and the livelihood systems of their human residents and introduce a new synthetic framework, the Drylands Development Paradigm (DDP). The DDP, supported by a growing and well-documented set of tools for policy and management action, helps navigate the inherent complexity of desertification and dryland development, identifying and synthesizing those factors important to research, management, and policy communities.  相似文献   

Potential role of viral surface glycoproteins in the replication of H3N2 triple reassortant influenza A viruses in swine and turkeys     

Yassine HM  Khatri M  Lee CW  Saif YM 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,148(2-4):175-182

The H3N2 triple reassortant (TR) influenza viruses emerged in swine in 1998 and then in turkeys in 2003. It was then hypothesized that these viruses crossed the species barrier and transmitted from pigs to turkeys. In previous work we identified viruses with different transmission behavior between the two species, of which A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 (TK04) transmitted both ways between swine and turkeys, and A/swine/North Carolina/03 (SW03) did not transmit either way between the two species. Utilizing the 12-plasmid reverse genetics (RG) system, we rescued two viruses (TK04 and SW03) with potentially different transmission behavior between pigs and turkeys. Single gene reassortants (SGR) were generated by switching the hemagglutinin (HA) or the neuraminidase (NA) genes between both viruses, and were evaluated for replication in vitro (pig and turkey tracheal/bronchial epithelial cells) and in vivo (pigs and turkeys). RG-created TK04 replicated more efficiently than SW03 in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, TK04 exhibited better binding affinity to plasma membrane preparations (PMP) from pig and turkey tracheal/bronchial epithelial cells compared to SW03. In study with SGR viruses, the HA protein was found to be essential for TK04 virus transmission amongst turkeys, but not sole factor contributing to the efficient replication of virus in turkeys and pigs. Such findings further highlight the polygenic nature of influenza virus pathogenesis.  相似文献   

Comparison of floral ontogeny in wild-type and double-flowered phenotypes of Syringa vulgaris L. (Oleaceae)     

Mohammad Reza Dadpour  Somayeh Naghiloo  Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust  Sima Panahirad  Maryam Aliakbari  Ali Movafeghi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

A comparative study of floral ontogeny in normal and double-flowered phenotype of Syringa vulgaris was conducted using the epi-illumination light microscopy. In the wild phenotype, floral differentiation starts with calyx inception and the formation of four sepals in orthogonal positions (two median and two lateral). The corolla emerges as a continuous ring-like structure leading to the appearance of four petal lobes alternating with the sepals. Androecium was formed by initiation of two stamen primordia in transverse plane and finally the bicarpellate gynoecium emerges in median position. In the case of the double-flowered lilac, there are supernumerary petals in an additional whorl. In double-flowered phenotype, a ring meristem is formed acropetally after the first petal whorl initiates. Stamens and carpels initiated similarly in double-flowered as well as in wild-type plants. However, position of stamens deviates from the typical transverse situation. It seems that the appearing of an extra petal whorl did not exhibit any adverse effect on the initiation of other whorls, in terms of organ identity. Therefore, it would be suggested that the double-flowered phenotype of Syringa represents a case of neoheterotopy, with formation of an extra petal whorl, rather than a case of homoheterotopy with transformation of an ancestral androecium whorl into petals.  相似文献