Caudal epidural anti‐nociception using lidocaine,bupivacaine or their combination in cows undergoing reproductive procedures     

Nasser Vesal  Mohammadrahim Ahmadi  Mehrzad Foroud  Hadi Imani 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(3):328-332

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects of lidocaine, lidocaine-bupivacaine combination or bupivacaine following caudal epidural administration in cows undergoing reproductive procedures.Study designBlinded, randomized experimental study.AnimalsThirty seven healthy Holstein cows (mean weight ± SD, 633 ± 41 kg).MethodsAnimals were allocated randomly to receive one of four treatments: group LID, 0.2 mg kg^?1 lidocaine 2%; group LID-BUP, lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture in a 1:1 volume ratio (0.1 mg kg^?1 and 0.025 mg kg^?1, respectively); group BUP-LD, 0.05 mg kg^?1 bupivacaine 0.5%; and group BUP-HD, 0.06 mg kg^?1 bupivacaine 0.5%. The onset and duration of perineal anti-nociception were determined using superficial and deep pin pricks and the number of cows with complete perineal anti-nociception was recorded. Parameters were compared using anova followed by Duncan's test where relevant.ResultsMean ± SD time to onset of anti-nociception following epidural administration of BUP-LD was significantly longer than for LID-BUP (p < 0.05). The duration (in minutes) of perineal anti-nociception was significantly longer following epidural administration of BUP-HD (247 ± 31) versus LID-BUP (181 ± 33) and LID (127 ± 25) minutes respectively. The % of cows with complete anti-nociception was increased in the group treated with BUP-HD compared to BUP-LD. Severe ataxia or recumbency did not occur in any groups.Conclusions and clinical relevanceEpidurally administered bupivacaine, at a dose of 0.06 mg kg^?1, may provide satisfactory caudal epidural anti-nociception for longer-duration obstetric and surgical procedures.  相似文献   

The disposition of diclofenac in camels after intravenous administration     

Wasfi IA  Hussain MM  Elghazali M  Alkatheeri NA  Abdel Hadi AA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,166(3):563-283

The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarus) (n=6) following intravenous (i.v.) administration of a dose of 2.5 mg kg(-1) body weight. The metabolism and urinary detection time were also studied. The results obtained (median and range) were as follows: the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) was 2.35 (1.90-2.73)h, total body clearance (Cl(T)) was 0.17 (0.16-0.21)lh kg(-1). The volume of distribution at steady state (V(SS)) was 0.31 (0.21-0.39)l(-1)kg(-1), the volume of the central compartment of the two compartment pharmacokinetic model (V(C)) was 0.15 (0.11-0.17)l kg(-1). Five metabolites of diclofenac were tentatively identified in urine and were excreted mainly in conjugate form. The main metabolite was identified as hydroxy diclofenac. Both diclofenac and hydroxy diclofenac, appear to be the main elimination route for diclofenac when administered i.v. in camels. Diclofenac could be identified up to 4 days following i.v. administration in camels using a sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.  相似文献   

A study on certain biometrical norms of porcine uteri     

S Zaki  M A Hadi  S L Manjreker 《The Indian veterinary journal》1967,44(6):500-504

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Comparison of the effect of Sporobolus virginicus and Rhodes (Chloris gayana) hay diets on the absorption pattern of phenylbutazone in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)     

Abdel Hadi AA  Wasfi IA  Elghazali M  Almahrami AM  Barezaiq IM  Alkatheeri NA  Alhadrami GA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(1):91-96

The effect of feeding Sporobolus and Rhodes hay on phenylbutazone (4 g) relative absorption was examined in six camels using a two-period, two-sequence, two-treatment crossover design. Serum concentration of the drug was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The measured values (means+/-SD) for Rhodes and Sporobolus hay, respectively, were Cmax 35.59+/-22.36 and 36.55+/-18.99 microg/mL, Tmax 26+/-2.53 and 26.3+/-1.97 h and AUC0-72 h 1552+/-872.6 and 1621+/-903.6 microg h/mL. Broad plateau concentrations of phenylbutazone in serum were observed between 12 and 36 h. There was no significant difference in any parameter between the two feeding regimens. Multiple peaks in serum concentration-time curve were observed, regardless of the type of grass available to and the animals prior to drug administration. It was concluded that the phasic absorption of phenylbutazone was a particular feature of hay feeding in camels, and the Sporobolus hay can be fed to camels without any effect on the rate and extent of phenylbutazone absorption compared to Rhodes grass hay.  相似文献   

Lack of effect of repeated administration of tripelennamine on antipyrine disposition in camels     

Wasfi IA  Boni NS  Elghazali M  Alkatheeri NA  Abdel Hadi AA  Al Muharami AM  Barezaig IM 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2000,23(6):409-412

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Pharmacokinetic, metabolism and withdrawal time of orphenadrine in camels (Camelus dromedarius) after intravenous administration     

Elghazali M  Wasfi IA  Abdel Hadi AA  Latum AM 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(3):563-569

The pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine (ORPH) following a single intravenous (i.v.) dose was investigated in six camels (Camelus dormedarius). Orphenadrine was extracted from the plasma using a simple sensitive liquid–liquid extraction method and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Following i.v. administration plasma concentrations of ORPH decline bi-exponentially with distribution half-life (t_1/2α) of 0.50 ± 0.07 h, elimination half-life (t_1/2β) of 3.57 ± 0.55 h, area under the time concentration curve (AUC) of 1.03 ± 0.10 g/h l⁻¹. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vd_ss) 1.92 ± 0.22 l kg⁻¹, volume of the central compartment of the two compartment pharmacokinetic model (V_c) 0.87 ± 0.09 l kg⁻¹, and total body clearance (Cl_T) of 0.60 ± 0.09 l/h kg⁻¹. Three orphenadrine metabolites were identified in urine samples of camels. The first metabolite N-desmethyl-orphenadrine resulted from N-dealkylation of ORPH with molecular ion m/z 255. The second N,N-didesmethyl-orphenadrine, resulted from N-didesmethylation with molecular ion m/z 241. The third metabolite, hydroxyl-orphenadrine, resulted from the hydroxylation of ORPH with molecular ion m/z 285. ORPH and its metabolites in camel were extensively eliminated in conjugated form. ORPH remains detectable in camel urine for three days after i.v. administration of a single dose of 350 mg orphenadrine aspartate.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of flunixin after intravenous administration in camels   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

I.A. Wasfi  N.S. Boni  A.A. Abdel Hadi  M. ElGhazali  O. Zorob  N.A. Alkatheeri  & I.M. Barezaiq 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1998,21(3):203-208

The pharmacokinetics of flunixin were determined after an intravenous dose of 1.1 mg/kg body weight in six camels and 2.2 mg/kg body weight in four camels. The data obtained (mean ±  SEM) for the low and high dose, respectively, were as follows:
  The elimination half-lives ( t _½β) were 3.76 ± 0.24 and 4.08 ± 0.49 h, the steady state volumes of distribution ( V d_ss) were 320.61 ± 38.53 and 348.84 ± 35.36 mL/kg body weight, total body clearances ( Cl _T) were 88.96 ± 6.63 and 84.86 ± 4.95 mL/h/kg body weight and renal clearances ( Cl _r) were 0.52 ± 0.09 and 0.62 ± 0.18 mL/h/kg body weight. A hydroxylated metabolite of flunixin was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) under electron and chemical ionization and its major fragmentation pattern was verified by tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) using neutral loss, daughter and parent scan modes. The detection times for flunixin and its hydroxylated metabolite in urine after an intravenous (i.v.) dose of 2.2 mg/kg body weight were 96 and 48 h, respectively.  相似文献   

Thermal panting and respiratory alkalosis in the laying hen     

H. El Hadi  A. H. Sykes 《British poultry science》1982,23(1):49-57

1. Changes in respiratory rate (f), rectal temperature (T_r ) and blood acid‐base values were measured in laying hens exposed to ambient temperatures (T_a) of 32, 35, 38 or 41 °G.

2. At T_a 32 °G there was no panting. At T_a 35 °G panting occurred without any increase in T_r but there was a slight alkalosis (pH 7.55).

3. At T_a 38 °G T_r increased and panting was accompanied by moderate alkalosis (pH 7.58).

4. At T_a 41 °G T_r increased considerably and severe alkalosis developed (pH 7.65).

5. From the relation between T_r , f and pH it is concluded that some degree of alkalosis is a normal response to panting in the laying hen.  相似文献   

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Trihalomethanes Adsorption onto Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes     

Mohammad Hadi Dehghani  Mohammad Mohammadi  Mahmood Ali Mohammadi  Amir Hossein Mahvi  Kaan Yetilmezsoy  Amit Bhatnagar  Behzad Heibati  Gordon McKay 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(9):332

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Relationship Between Degree of Starch Gelatinization and Quality Attributes of Parboiled Rice During Steaming     

Taghinezhad Ebrahim  Hadi Khoshtaghaza Mohammad  Minaei Saeid  Suzuki Toru  Brenner Tom 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):339

Paddy rice samples were parboiled by soaking at 65 °C for 180 min and steaming at 96 °C for 2–10 min, and then dried to achieve the final moisture content of 11% ± 1%. The degree of starch gelatinization(DSG) and several quality attributes(head rice yield(HRY), color value and hardness) of parboiled rice were measured. Results showed that DSG(46.8%–77.9%), color value(18.08–19.04) and hardness(118.6–219.2 N) all increased following steaming. In contrast, the HRY increased(64.8%–67.1%) for steaming times between 2–4 min but decreased(67.1%–65.0%) for steaming times between 4–10 min. Linear relations between DSG and color value(R~2 = 0.87), and DSG and hardness(R~2 = 0.88) were observed. The suitable DSG of parboiled rice leading to the highest HRY was found to be 62.5%, obtained following 4 min of steaming.  相似文献