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11.
Halil Kurban Hirofumi Saneoka Kunito Nehira Rahmutulla Adilla Kounosuke Fujita 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):589-597
The response of two leguminous plants Alhagi pseudoalhagi and Vigna radiata to seawater salinity was studied over a period of 30 d. The growth of Vigna radiata was markedly and gradually reduced by increasing salinity levels, whereas that of Alhagi pseudoalhagi was promoted at 9.1 and 16.2 dS m-1 salinity but then was slightly reduced at 28.2 dS m-1 salinity. These results indicate that Alhagi pseudoalhagi belongs to the group of halophytic plants. Seawater salinity caused changes in the membrane permeability measured as electrolyte leakage in both plants. Alhagi pseudoalhagi maintained a lower membrane permeability than Vigna radiata. With increasing salinity levels, the membrane permeability decreased in Alhagi pseudoalhagi, whereas, in Vigna radiata it slightly increased at 9.1 dS m-1. The leaf water potential and the osmotic potential decreased in both plants along with the seawater salinity levels. However, the turgor potential and osmotic adjustment in Alhagi pseudoalhagi were maintained at a higher level than in Vigna radiata. The contributions of organic and inorganic solutes to the osmotic adjustment differed: Alhagi pseudoalhagi achieved osmotic adjustment through Cl- and Na+ uptake from the substrate, while the contribution of K+, Ca2+, and organic solutes to the osmotic adjustment was limited. These results suggest that the differences in salt tolerance between Alhagi pseudoalhagi and Vigna radiata can not be due to differences in specific-ion effects, but may be related to some factors involved in membrane permeability and osmotic adjustment. 相似文献
12.
干旱胁迫下不同类型野生杏光合作用比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】以田间栽培收集于新疆伊犁地区的野生甜仁杏1号、野生甜仁杏2号、野生苦仁杏1号和野生苦仁杏2号等4种类型天山野生杏的2年生树苗为材料,持续26 d的田间自然干旱胁迫处理,研究野生杏光合作用对干旱胁迫的适应特征。【方法】对二年生野杏苗水分胁迫处理第5和26 d测定光合速率（Pn ）,气孔导度（Gs）,细胞胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）蒸腾速率（Tr）并计算水分利用效率（WUE）,同时取样分析水势、细胞膜透性和叶绿素含量等参数。【结果】水势与膜透性的适应性变化与植物的抗逆性有关;水分胁迫第26 d净光合速率在胁迫初期的基础上下降幅度在不同类型之间有差异,下降幅度依次为：甜仁杏1号＞甜仁杏2号＞苦仁杏1号＞苦仁杏2号。【结论】天山野生杏在水分胁迫下,净光合速率的下降是由气孔和非气孔因素共同作用的结果,气孔和非气孔因素对净光合速率下降的贡献在类型之间有差异。在野生杏叶绿素a／b比值和水分利用效率的变化与净光合速率之间有相关性。 相似文献
13.
灰霉菌激活蛋白诱导抗病相关的酶活性提高番茄抗病性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灰霉菌中提取纯化16 k D的激活蛋白。番茄种子以20 mmol/L的HEPES缓冲液(p H 8.0)为对照,用2.5、5、10和20μg/m L的灰霉菌激活蛋白处理36 h,播种第45 d接种灰霉病,接种第7、14和21 d观察发病率;并用10μg/m L的激活蛋白溶液喷洒番茄幼苗第6、12、24、48、72和120 h取样测定苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。结果显示,10μg/m L激活蛋白处理番茄种子时,番茄抗病性最强,诱抗效果为48%~54%;番茄幼苗喷洒激活蛋白处理第24 h,PAL活性达峰值、比对照组提高54%,处理第72 h,POD和PPO活性达峰值、分别比对照组提高106%、122%。灰霉菌激活蛋白通过诱导抗病性相关酶的活性,提高番茄的抗病性,并且在最适浓度下诱导效果最佳。 相似文献
14.
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of eggplants, especially those grown undercover in polytunnels and greenhouses. Due to increasing levels
of resistance of B. tabaci to a wide range of insecticides, there is now an urgent need to explore other non-chemical methods of control. In this study,
Serangium parcesetosum, a ladybird, was evaluated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci’s winter and spring populations which infests eggplants grown undercover in Turkey. It was found that in winter, S. parcesetosum failed to control B. tabaci, even when the ladybird population was augmented six times over the course of the experiment. This contrasted with that observed
in spring when, with only one introduction of the ladybird, control of the pest was gained within 3 weeks after release. In
spring, the B. tabaci population in the cages receiving two and four S. parcesetosum adult per plant showed 56 and 53% reduction, respectively. The percent reduction in B. tabaci population rose to 98.6 and 98.3% in both cages, respectively, by the end of experiment. It is suggested that release of
S. parcesetosum against B. tabaci during spring months may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically based B. tabaci management. In winter other biological control agents are needed and these need to be further explored. 相似文献
15.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of shield and sword comb orientation hive types on wintering ability,
survival rates (in winter) and population growth of honeybee colonies (A. mellifera anatoliaca) in spring season. In ancient Anatolia beekeeping; honeybee colonies were identified sword and shield (the colonies which
build up the combs vertical and horizontal according to positions of the hive entrance) before the uses of top-opened hive
with movable frames. Total twenty honeybee colonies, which have similar condition according to queen age, genotype, number
of frames covered with adult worker bees, brood areas and food stocks, were used in this study. Average wintering ability
of colonies in the shield and sword groups were found to be 98.57% and 69.76%; average survival rates were found to be 100%
and 100% in shield and sword group colonies respectively. The average number of frames covered with adult worker bees at mid
June in shield and sword group colonies were found to be 15.6 ± 1.58, 12.00 ± 1.25 number/colony and the average brood areas
were found as 7863.5 ± 402.9, 5997.0 ± 373.3 cm2/colony respectively. Differences between the group means on wintering ability, sealed brood areas and colony strength were
found significant (P < 0.01), but differences on survival rates were not found significant (P > 0.05). The colonies living
in shield (horizontal) hives have showed better wintering ability and more colony population than colonies living in sword
(vertical) hives. 相似文献
16.
The aim of this study is to reveal the energy balance of walnut in Central Anatolian Region in Turkey. This study has been conducted at the walnut cultivating facilities during the 2014–2015 production season in K?r?ehir, Konya, Nev?ehir and Ni?de provinces of Central Anatolian Region in Turkey, where walnut cultivation is intense. In the study, a total of 28 walnut cultivation facilities, yielding walnut, have been selected through Neyman method and surveys and observations have been performed in these facilities. The agricultural input energies and output energies used in walnut cultivation have been calculated to define the energy use efficiency. According to the study findings, the energy inputs in walnut cultivation are calculated respectively 17,851.33?MJ ha?1 (74.40%) chemical fertilizer energy, 2229.87?MJ ha?1 (9.29%) fuel energy, 1640.64?MJ ha?1 (6.83%) irrigation water energy, 1539?MJ ha?1 (6.41%) machine energy, 508.02?MJ ha?1 (%2.11) chemical energy, 180.35?MJ ha?1 (0.75%) human labour energy and 43.33?MJ ha?1 (0.18%) farm manure energy. Production outputs have been calculated as 14,679.52?MJ ha?1. Following the energy calculations, the output/input ratio, specific energy, energy efficiency and net energy calculations have been calculated respectively as 0.61, 30.20?MJ kg?1, 0.03?kg MJ?1 and ?9313.02?MJ ha?1. Benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 1.88, by dividing the gross value of production by the total cost of production per hectare in walnut production. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT The effectiveness of different mulch types on fruit yield, leaf-nutrient composition, and normal plant growth parameters was investigated in order to maximize water use efficiency (WUE) in cucumber grown under water stress. Treatments were (1) bare soil + water stress (WS), (2) bare soil + unstressed (control, C), (3) black polyethylene mulch + water stress (BPM + WS), (4) wheat straw mulch + water stress (WSM + WS), and (5) wheat straw mulch plus black polyethylene mulch + water stress (WSM + BPM + WS). Seasonal crop evapotranspiration was between 492 and 960 mm. Seasonal irrigation water amounts were 965 and 485 mm for the C and WS treatments, respectively. The WUE ranged from 3.40 to 5.78 kg m?3, while irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) was between 3.39 and 6.08 kg m?3. IWUE and WUE were increased under WS treatments with mulching compared with the control treatment, as mulching significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water required. Both BPM and WSM improved the fruit yield, fruit size, plant dry matter, total leaf area, and chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in leaves under the stressed treatments, while these two mulches in combination (BPM + WSM) caused further increases in these parameters. This study confirms that limiting soil evaporation with mulches is a key action to take to save irrigation water and to improve WUE and IWUE. Because use of drip irrigation with mulching can increase WUE, this strategy might be used for vegetable production in semi-arid regions where irrigation water is limited. 相似文献
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19.
Alkan D Aydemir LY Arcan I Yavuzdurmaz H Atabay HI Ceylan C Yemenicioğlu A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11003-11010
In this study, antimicrobial films were developed against Campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid (GA) into zein-based films. The zein and zein-wax composite films containing GA between 2.5 and 10 mg/cm(2) were effective on different C. jejuni strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Zein and zein-wax composite films showed different release profiles in distilled water but quite similar release profiles at solid agar medium. Depending on incorporated GA concentration, 60-80% of GA released from the films, while the remaining GA was bound or trapped by film matrix. The GA at 2.5 and 5 mg/cm(2) caused a considerable increase in elongation (57-280%) of all zein films and eliminated their classical flexibility problems. The zein-wax composite films were less flexible than zein films, but the films showed similar tensile strengths and Young's modulus. Scanning electron microscopy indicated different morphologies of zein and zein-wax composite films. This study clearly showed the good potential of zein and GA to develop flexible antimicrobial films against C. jejuni. 相似文献
20.
Özer Nuray Uzun Halil İbrahim Aktürk Burak Özer Cengiz Akkurt Murat Aydın Serkan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,160(2):337-348
The use of resistant individuals obtained through a breeding program, aimed at decreasing chemical treatments, is one of the most promising strategies for control of downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola in grapevine. In this study, 869 hybrid grape individuals, obtained by crossing the resistant Regent grape cultivar with sensitive Alphonse Lavallée, were tested after artificial inoculation of detached leaves by drops of the pathogen inoculum. Sporulation severity, as visual evaluation of sporulation density including necrosis, and sporulation incidence were scored to assess resistance level, then the sporulation area (mm2) was measured for each individual. The criterium of sporulation incidence could not describe all resistance levels. Sporulation area made it possible to measure the entire area in detail for how the pathogen spread at the inoculation site. Sporulation area was not fully consistent with sporulation severity. In this context, a new scale for sporulation area was developed to determine resistance level to the pathogen by taking into account the distribution of sporulation area values within those obtained from sporulation severity scales. Six categories ranging from 0 to 0.05 mm2 (extremely resistant-ER) to ≥15.1 mm2 (extremely sensitive-ES) were defined. 43 of the 869 individuals tested through the three evaluation criteria, in which no sporulation was observed, and 18 additional individuals with sporulation area of <0.05 mm2 were scored in the ER group. Microscopic analysis confirmed findings for the ER group and other resistance levels. The authors suggest that the scale of sporulation area will be useful for assessment of resistance to downy mildew on grapevine leaves.
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