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31.
Halil &#;en 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(9):876-881
Loligo vulgaris is a commercially important squid throughout the Mediterranean region and is a candidate species in biomedical and aquaculture research. Some loligo species (L. opalescens, L. forbesi, Sepiteuthis lessoniana) have now been cultured through some successive generations in closed, recirculating seawater systems. The effects of salinity on hatching European Squid (L. vulgaris Lamarck, 1798) eggs were investigated during November 2004. The egg capsules were incubated directly in salinity of 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and 37 g L?1 (control group) at 19.8°C (SD 1.2°C), and a photoperiodicity of 12 h light:12 h dark for 16–23 days before hatching. In all treatments, the eggs were developed and hatched normally after 16–22 days at 32 g L?1, 17–22 days at 34, 18–21 days at 42 g L?1, 18–22 days at 36 and 40 g L?1, 19–22 days at 37 g L?1 and 19–23 h at 38 g L?1. In the experiments, the highest hatching rate and hatching success (HS) of the eggs were obtained at 38 g L?1 (hatching rate: 100% (SD 0%) and HS: 96.7% (SD 3.5%)) and the lowest hatching rate at 42 g L?1 (hatching rate: 3% (SD 6%) and HS: 0%). Dorsal mantle lengths (DML) of new hatchlings ranged from 2.08 to 2.80 mm. The present study showed that salinity affects the hatching rate and HS of eggs and first hatching time and DML of paralarvae in L. vulgaris. The squid eggs at stage 11 (I) can tolerate 5 g L?1 reduction and 3 g L?1 increase in salinity. 相似文献
32.
Mushtaq Ahmad Klasra Halil Fidan 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):317-330
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine whether and to what extent the shares of selected countries' fishery exports in the world markets reflect their international competitiveness. The Constant Market Share (CMS) model, which decomposes export growth into some broad components (i.e., structural effects, market effects, commodity effects and competitive effects), is applied to examine this issue. The results of decomposition analysis revealed that structural factors have been more significant in explaining the growth of exports. The growth effects, though, appeared positive for each country, the exports of open economies like Canada, the United States, Iceland and Turkey benefited more from the growth of world exports. The analysis of commodity composition and market effects suggests that countries like Canada, the United States, Iceland and Turkey were pursuing the product differentiation policy and were penetrating in those markets, which have been growing relatively faster. These countries remained committed throughout the sample period (i.e., 1980–2000) to export their diversified products in fast-growing markets. The analysis of competitiveness effects, which are derived as a residual, show that Norway, Spain, the United States, Indonesia, Thailand, Chile and China were strong fishery exporters and increased their competitiveness during the sample period. 相似文献
33.
Halil Kutuk Ramazan Canhilal Mahmut Islamoglu Ali Duran Kanat Moustafa El-Bouhssini 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(1):21-25
The present study evaluated the effect of overwintered adult density and egg and adult parasitism rates on the new-generation
population densities of the Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) under field conditions. We quantified the abundance of overwintered adult densities and egg and adult parasitism rates
in 20 one-ha unsprayed wheat fields in southeastern Turkey to assess their impact on nymphal instars, plus new-generation
adult densities. The number of overwintered adults per square meter and the percent of egg parasitism rates were positively
and negatively correlated with new-generation densities of the Sunn Pest, respectively. The results of multiple regression
analysis produced the equation Y = 15.037 + 8.287 OW (overwintered adult) − 0.235 egg PR (parasitism rate). The findings suggest that the egg parasitoids
may suppress nymphal instars plus new-generation adult densities of the Sunn Pest. The findings also suggest that the present
formula can be used to determine the spraying areas in which densities reach economic threshold for the integrated Sunn Pest
management program in wheat fields in Turkey. 相似文献
34.
Nihat Şındak Levent Kandemir Muğdat Yertürk Halil Selçuk Biricik 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(4):219-221
Objective To determine physiologic levels of tear production in Arabian (AH) and throughbred horses (TH) by using phenol red thread test (PRT). Animals studied The study was performed on 16 AH and 14 TH, ranging from 2.5 to 24 years of age, housed in a stable situated in the Sanliurfa of Turkey. Procedures For the measurement of PRT, the strip was placed under the lower eyelid approximately one‐third the distance from the temporal to nasal canthus and left for 15 s. The length of the wet area was measured in mm and compared among breed, sex, and age groups and between eyes of both sides. Results The mean length of the wet area was in AH and TH were 30.22 ± 0.99 mm ranging from 16 to 41 and 31.00 ± 1.4 mm ranging from 14 to 47, respectively. There were no significant differences in tear production among breed, sex, or age groups. The values measured for left eyes were significantly higher than those for right eyes (P < 0.05). Conclusions Phenol red thread test measurement is easily used, with no pain, and a comfortable method. PRT can be used in equine ophthalmology on a routine basis to the measurement of tear production. These normal PRT values help diagnosis keratoconjunctivitis sicca in horses. 相似文献
35.
This paper focuses on the assessment of the relation among constructional properties, fractional reflectances and cover factors
of fabrics woven from polyester yarns. A novel equation for the calculation of the relation between fractional reflectance
and fabric cover factor was proposed and the usage of the equation was assessed by reflectance measurements. 48 polyester
fabrics having different constructional parameters were used and the fabrics differed from each other by their cover factors.
The warp yarn type and count, warp density and warp yarn twist were the same but weft yarn count, weft yarn fiber count and
weft density were different for the fabrics in the experimental sub-groups. The reflectance measurements were conducted on
the pretreated but undyed fabric samples as well as on the individual yarn systems of the same fabrics. Fabrics with the same
cover factors exhibited different fractional reflectances. Reflectances were found to be dependent on the cover factor as
well as on yarn fiber fineness, yarn count, yarn density and fabric weave. The changes in crimp of the yarns according to
different construction parameters also governed the changes in fractional reflectances of fabric surfaces. The proposed equation
was tested according to different fabric construction parameters and it was concluded that fiber fineness and weave pattern
were among the most important parameters which govern the total light reflectances from the fabric surfaces, although they
are not incorporated in the calculation of the fabric cover factors. The proposed equation was used to explain the effects
of these components on the reflectance behavior of the fabric surfaces and on fabric cover. 相似文献
36.
BACKGROUND: The most serious insect pest problems affecting the cultivation of mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach] in Turkey are mushroom flies (sciarids, cecids and phorids). Mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), is the most common insect pest species during April‐October. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for eight botanical materials (two commercial neem‐based products and six hot‐water plant extracts) to control M. halterata populations in three successive growing periods. RESULTS: Treatment efficacy was evaluated by assessing adult emergence and sporophore damage rates compared with that of a standard insecticide, chlorpyrifos‐ethyl (positive control). All plant extracts caused significant reductions in the mean number of emerging adults and sporophore damage rates compared with the water‐treated control (negative control). Reduction in adult emergence in both neem treatments, Neemazal and Greeneem oil, was greater than that in the positive control. While Neemazal and Origanum onites L. extract had significantly lower sporophore damage rates than the positive control, there were no significant differences between the chlorpyrifos‐ethyl, Greeneem oil and Pimpinella anisum L. extract treatments. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that both neem products and hot‐water extracts of O. onites and P. anisum may be potential alternatives to conventional pesticides for the control of mushroom phorid fly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
37.
The goal of this study is to do the energy input-output analysis of organic mulberry. This study was conducted at the organic mulberry producing facilities during the 2015–2016 production seasons in Adiyaman-Tut region of Turkey. The agricultural input energies and output energies used in organic mulberry production were computed to determine the energy input-output analysis. According to the research findings, the energy inputs in organic mulberry production were computed respectively as 3948?MJ ha?1 (59.01%) drip and sprinkler irrigation energy, 1092.42?MJ ha?1 (16.33%) gravity irrigation energy, 449.33?MJ ha?1 (6.72%) diesel fuel energy, 416.52?MJ ha?1 (6.23%) farmyard manure energy, 335.14?MJ ha?1 (5.01%) human labour energy, 253.52?MJ ha?1 (3.79%) machinery energy, 93.12?MJ ha?1 (1.39%) transportation energy, 75.78 MJ ha?1 (1.13%) animal labour energy and 26.62?MJ ha?1 (0.40%) organic fertilizer energy. Total input energy was computed as 6690.46?MJ ha?1. Production output organic mulberry yield were calculated as 37,627.84?MJ ha?1. The energy output/input ratio, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy computations were computed respectively as 5.62, 1.51?MJ kg?1, 0.66?kg MJ?1 and 30,937.37?MJ ha?1. The consumed total energy input in organic mulberry production could be classified as 88.20% direct, 11.80% indirect, 88.10% renewable and 11.90% non-renewable. 相似文献
38.
A study was conducted to determine the water stress effect on yield and some physiological parameters including crop water
stress index for drip irrigated second crop watermelon. Irrigations were scheduled based on replenishment of 100, 75, 50,
25, and 0% soil water depletion from 90 cm soil depth with 3-day irrigation interval. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ET)
for I100, I75, I50, I25, and I0 were 660, 525, 396, 210, and 70 mm in 2003 and 677, 529, 405, 221, and 75 mm in 2004. Fruit yield was significantly lowered
by irrigation water stress. Average water-yield response factor for both of the years was 1.14. The highest yield was obtained
from full irrigated treatment as 34.5 and 38.2 t ha−1 in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Lower ET rates and irrigation amounts in water stress treatments resulted in reductions in
all measured parameters, except water-soluble dry matter concentrations (SDM). Canopy dry weights, leaf relative water content,
and total leaf chlorophyll content were significantly lowered by water stress. Yield and seasonal ET were linearly correlated
with mean CWSI values. An average threshold CWSI value of 0.17 before irrigation produced the maximum yield and it could be
used to initiate the irrigation for watermelon. 相似文献
39.
The aim of this research was to assess the irrigation performance of the Salihli Right Bank, Salihli Left Bank, Ahmetli, Gokkaya, Turgutlu, Mesir, Sarikiz, Gediz, Menemen Right Bank and Menemen Left Bank Water User Associations (WUAs) in the Lower Gediz Basin in western Turkey, using remote sensing techniques. To reach this aim the performance of the irrigation system for the 2004 irrigation season was determined according to five indicators, namely overall consumed ratio (ep), relative water supply (RWS), depleted fraction (DF), crop water deficit (CWD) and relative evapotranspiration (RET). Potential and actual evapotranspiration parameters used in determining these indicators were estimated according to the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method using NOAA-16 satellite images.Seasonal averages of these indicators ranged from 0.59 to 2.26 for ep, 0.47-1.66 for RWS, 0.43-1.31 for DF, 180.5-269.5 mm month−1 for CWD, and 0.61-0.74 for RET. According to the seasonal average values of all the performance indicators, the irrigation performance of all WUAs was usually poor. The performance indicators showed that less irrigation water was supplied to WUAs than was needed. It was concluded that proximity to the source could be an advantage in obtaining water, and that when water was insufficient, groundwater in the crop root area could be used. 相似文献
40.
Luo Chenyi Wang Zhuangji Kordbacheh Farnaz Li Shengting Cetin Bora Ceylan Halil Horton Robert 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2020,231(5):1-23
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) are notorious pollutants in groundwater. The biodegradation of them yields more toxic vinyl chloride... 相似文献