Analysis of systematic and genetic effects on the prevalence of primary cataract, persistent pupillary membrane and distichiasis in the two color variants of English Cocker Spaniels in Germany     

Engelhardt A  Stock KF  Hamann H  Brahm R  Grussendorf H  Rosenhagen CU  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(11-12):490-498

Genetic parameters were estimated for prevalences of primary cataract (CAT), persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) and distichiasis (DIST) in 615 single-colored and 617 multi-colored English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) bred in the German kennel club for Spaniels (Jagdspaniel-Klub e.V.). CAT or CAT diagnosed in dogs up to three and a half years of age (early-onset cataract, CAT-early) and CAT diagnosed in dogs over three and a half years of age (late-onset cataract, CAT-late), PPM and DIST were included as binary traits in multivariate genetic analyses. Heritabilities on the underlying liability scale were 0.15 for CAT, 0.34 for CAT-early, 0.13 for CAT-late, 0.46 for PPM, and 0.62 for DIST in single-colored ECS and 0.06 for CAT, 0.13 for CAT-early, 0.14 for CAT-late, 0.10 for PPM, and 0.61 for DIST in multi-colored ECS. There were indications for a different genetic basis of CAT-early and CAT-late in single-colored ECS as genetic correlations were close to zero. In multi-colored ECS, a similar tendency for CAT-early and CAT-late could be observed.  相似文献   

Analysis of the mode of inheritance for distichiasis in the Elo dog breed using complex segregation analyses     

Kaufhold J  Hamann H  Steinbach G  Gordon S  Brahm R  Grussendorf H  Rosenhagen CU  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(5-6):232-236

The inheritance of distichiasis was analyzed in the dog breed Elo using complex segregation analyses.The different hypotheses of monogenic, mixed-monogenic-polygenic and polygenic inheritance as well as a pure environmental model were tested. In further analyses the number of examined Elo dogs per ophthalmologist and the proportion of genes of Eurasian and Old English Sheepdogs were included in the models as covariates. Seven families were randomly collected for the analyses.The seven families comprised a total of 296 animals with 218 examined and 65 affected dogs. A genetic component was verified for the prevalence of distichiasis. Mixed models with a recessive, dominant or arbitrary major gene effect and the polygenic model represented likely hypotheses of inheritance. The prevalence of distichiasis observed was insufficiently explained by non-genetic factors and the breed composition. Therefore, a model only including non-genetic factors and the breed composition could be excluded.  相似文献   

Historical development and past ecological state of two danish shallow lakes     

Peer?B.?MortensenEmail author  Louise?Schlüter  Arne?Jensen  Henning?F.?Aaser  Kjeld?S.?Hansen 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2004,4(2):101-106

Background and Scope  

Lake sediment contains information on the historical development and former conditions of lakes, which is very useful when information about the undisturbed (reference) conditions of a lake is needed. Phytoplankton contains a range of different pigments, some of which are specific for individual algal groups and can be used as diagnostic markers. Phytoplankton pigments in lake sediments are indicators of prototrophic changes in lakes, since the pigments document changes in algae biomass and the composition of phytoplankton communities. Lake sediments can be dated along with pigment analysis by use of the naturally occurring radioactive isotope²¹⁰Pb.  相似文献   

Modelling of sulfur deposition in the Southern Asian region     

Lennart Robertson  Henning Rodhe  Lennart Granat 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):2337-2343

Acidification problems in developing countries are expected to become more prevalent in the coming decades. Assessments of means of abatement strategies are likely to become of vital interest. This paper presents some preliminary results of modelling of acidic deposition due to anthropogenic emissions of sulfur in the Southern Asian region. It is concluded that the study has some shortcomings, that has to be addressed in future work, such as lack of treatment of deep convection and that deposition and transformation rates used are not adapted to the tropics. Only very limited validation has been possible due to the lack of relevant measurements. Wet deposition data from rural Thailand are in fair agreement with calculated values. The study is one part of a larger project encompassing mapping ecosystem sensitivity to acid deposition, wet chemistry measurements and atmospheric transfer modelling.  相似文献   

Robustness in the mineral supply from temporary grasslands     

Henning Høgh-Jensen  Karen Søegaard 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):79-90

Abstract

The current study examined the capacity of different temporary grassland legume–grass mixtures under different N supply levels to supply similar amounts of elements in systems where the herbage is cut for feed. Mixtures showed a good robustness in supplying equal amounts of mineral elements in the combined herbage as well as equal concentrations in dry matter of mineral elements compared with the same species in monocultures. The reasons for the mixed systems to be able to buffer differences in N supply levels as well as different compositions of the mixtures were that legume leaves and stems had similar concentrations of mineral elements, whether in monocultures or in mixtures with grasses. Grasses in mixture with legumes had however higher N, Ca, S, Zn, Cu and tended to have higher Mg concentration, both in stems and leaves, while Mn were less concentrated in mixtures’ dry matter. Further, the mixtures doubled their dry matter accumulation in the two weeks just around grass heading. The systems partly buffered the time-wise differences in the sense that the P accumulation paralleled dry matter but the N was diluted. This was mirrored in a decrease in N concentration and maintenance of the concentration level of P and other elements. As the stem–leaf ratio was higher (p<0.05) in festulolium than in ryegrass and as the stems of festulolium have lower concentrations of N, K, Ca, S, Mg, Fe and Cu than leaves, the mixtures including festulolium had a rapidly declining proportion of these elements in the combined mixtures’ dry matter. Management options in improving the mineral supplies are thus to choose species when establishing the temporary grasslands according to functionality, to manipulate the content of legumes by the N supply level, and to time the harvest of the herbage.  相似文献   

Respiratory chlamydial infection based on experimental aerosol challenge of pigs with Chlamydia suis     

Sachse K  Grossmann E  Berndt A  Schütt C  Henning K  Theegarten D  Anhenn O  Reinhold P 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2004,27(1):7-23

An experimental study of aerogeneous challenge in pigs was conducted in order to reveal characteristic features of porcine respiratory chlamydiosis. Eight conventionally raised pigs were exposed to a pathogenic strain of Chlamydia (C.) suis, four controls were mock infected. Besides pathological changes, the acute-phase and humoral immune responses, as well as the dissemination and transmission of the challenge strain was monitored in the course of infection. The data from clinical investigations, LPS-binding protein assay, antibody ELISAs, confocal laser scanning and light microscopy, immunohistochemical staining and PCR provided extensive evidence of the pathogenic potential of C. suis for the porcine respiratory system. This model appears suitable for further pathophysiological and immunological investigations of chlamydial respiratory infections and can also be recommended for studies of Chlamydia-associated infections of the human lung.  相似文献   

Growth and sensory characteristics of organically reared broilers differing in strain,sex and age at slaughter     

Klaus Horsted  Judith Henning  John E. Hermansen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):149-157

Abstract

The effects of strain, sex and age on live weight, slaughter weight and sensory characteristics of organically reared broilers in orchards are presented. A total of 450 broilers of three different strains (I 657, Light Sussex, New Hampshire) were reared in an organic research orchard. Half of each strain was slaughtered at 91 days and the other half at 120 days. All broilers were weighed and a clinical welfare assessment was made at slaughter. A trained sensory panel evaluated the breast meat in relation to flavour, smell and texture characteristics defined by the panel. At both 91 and 120 days of age the commercial breed I 657 was significantly heavier than the slower growing strains. Males were significantly heavier than the females across strains. Weight ratios between males and females were nearly the same at both slaughter ages in I 657, whereas weight ratios increased significantly at 120 days in Light Sussex and New Hampshire. No overall effect of strain was found on the flavour and smell of the breast meat. However, the age-related changes in tenderness and toughness differed significantly between strains, since the commercial strain tended towards a tougher and less tender consistency with age, whereas the opposite was the case for the slower growing pure breeds. The positive flavour of salt was significantly improved at 120 days across strains with females having a saltier flavour than the males with age. The positive flavour of sweet corn was improved in the meat from the males, whereas the positive smell of sweet corn was significantly improved in both males and females. No negative effects of age were found.

In conclusion, broilers were tastier when slaughtered at 120 days compared with 91 days. The development in meat tenderness was related to strain, and weights at slaughter were related to both strain and sex.  相似文献   

Genotyping-by-sequencing of a bi-parental mapping population segregating for downy mildew resistance in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)     

J. A. Henning  D. H. Gent  M. C. Twomey  M. S. Townsend  N. J. Pitra  P. D. Matthews 《Euphytica》2016,208(3):545-559

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Sensor‐based assessment of herbicide effects     

J C Streibig  J Rasmussen  D Andújar  C Andreasen  T W Berge  D Chachalis  T Dittmann  R Gerhards  T M Giselsson  P Hamouz  C Jaeger‐Hansen  K Jensen  R N Jørgensen  M Keller  M Laursen  H S Midtiby  J Nielsen  S Müller  H Nordmeyer  G Peteinatos  A Papadopoulos  J Svensgaard  M Weis  S Christensen 《Weed Research》2014,54(3):223-233

Non‐destructive assessment of herbicide effects may be able to support integrated weed management. To test whether effects of herbicides on canopy variables could be detected by sensors, two crops were used as models and treated with herbicides at BBCH 20 using a logarithmic sprayer. Twelve days after spraying at BBCH 25 and 42 days after sowing, nine sensor systems scanned a spring barley and an oilseed rape field experiment sown at different densities and sprayed with increasing field rates of glyphosate and tribenuron‐methyl. The objective was to compare ED₅₀s for crops and weeds derived by the different sensors in relation to crop density and herbicides. Although sensors were not directly developed to detect herbicide symptoms, they all detected changes in canopy colours or height and crop density. Generally ED₅₀s showed the same pattern in response to crop density within herbicide, but there were marked differences between barley and oilseed rape. We suggest that the results of comparing the various sensor outputs could become a stepping stone to future standardisation for the benefit of the research and development of sensors that will detect herbicide effect on crops and weeds, particularly at the most vulnerable stages of development of the canopy.  相似文献   

Factors associated with the prevalence of osseous fragments in the limb joints of Hanoverian Warmblood horses     

Stock KF  Hamann H  Distl O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(1):147-156

Factors associated with the prevalence of osseous fragments (OF) in fetlock and hock joints were investigated in a population of young Hanoverian Warmblood horses selected for sale at auction from 1991 to 1998. The study was based on results of a standardized radiological examination of 3127 horses. The prevalences of OF in the two joints were significantly dependent on the date, type and quality of the auction, the region of origin and on the anticipated suitability of the horses for dressage and/or show-jumping. The probability of finding OF increased with wither-height. Furthermore, there was a significant association of the individual sire with the prevalence of OF in both fetlock and hock joints, and of the maternal grandsire with the prevalence of OF in the hock joints. Consequently, both non-genetic and genetic parameters should be taken into account in order to reduce the prevalence of OF in young Warmblood riding horses.  相似文献