A study on relationships between large‐scale climate indices and estimates of North Pacific albacore tuna productivity     

Zane Zhang  John Holmes  Steven L. H. Teo 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(5):409-416

A logistic production model was used to examine potential relationships between three climate indices, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Multivariate El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), and productivity estimates of the North Pacific albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) population. Catch and standardized catch‐per‐unit‐effort data from three longline fisheries (Japan, US, and Taiwan) were used in the model. The climate indices were incorporated into the model by correlating time‐varying intrinsic population growth rate (r_y) of the production model with the annual mean value for each index. The estimated probability that the NPGO is positively correlated with stock productivity, as measured by r_y, was 0.99, and the calculated probability that MEI is negatively correlated with the productivity was 0.95. The time lag for these correlations is 4 yr, which is consistent with the timing of recruitment to the Japan longline fishery. The PDO did not seem to have any detectable relationship with stock productivity. However, it remains uncertain if there is a conclusive linkage between the albacore productivity and the NPGO or the MEI index, because model fit to the data is about the same as that of a base model which does not use any climate index and assumes a time‐invariant r.  相似文献   

菠菜毒死蜱消解动态及采后清洗对菠菜安全的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学杰  林桓  郭科  李琨  Robert Holmes  Simone Kreidl 《中国蔬菜》2010,1(12):31-35

对春季露地菠菜生产中常用农药毒死蜱的消解动态,以及采后清洗对菠菜毒死蜱残留及微生物数量的影响进行了研究。结果表明:春季露地菠菜毒死蜱(48%乳油)750倍液喷施,其一级消解动力学模型为C=9.5422e-0.361t,半衰期1.92d,达到GB2763—2005中叶菜类毒死蜱最大残留限量0.1mg·kg-1的理论安全间隔期为12.6d;采后用自来水、ClO25mg·kg-1、ClO210mg·kg-1、NaClO100mg·kg-1和超声波(26kHz、450W)分别清洗1min,均可减少1log的细菌总数,但ClO210mg·kg-1处理后发现仍存在270cfu·g-1大肠菌群,表明生产中即使采用消毒剂清洗菠菜,其微生物安全性仍存在不确定性;研究中还发现,生产中常用的NaClO具有减少毒死蜱残留量的作用;此外,超声波是一种很好的辅助清洗技术,有助于减少菠菜毒死蜱残留量及微生物数量。鉴于单一清洗消毒方式在保证菠菜采后食用安全方面的不确定性,今后采用两种或两种以上的联合清洗消毒技术将有助于进一步改善菠菜乃至果蔬产品的采后安全。  相似文献   

Survival of Pseudoperonospora cubensis sporangia exposed to solar radiation     

L. Kanetis  G. J. Holmes  P. S. Ojiambo 《Plant pathology》2010,59(2):313-323

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Sediment deposition in streams adjacent to upland clearcuts and partially harvested riparian buffers in boreal forest catchments     

David Kreutzweiser  Scott Capell  Kevin Good  Stephen Holmes 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1578-1585

The rates of fine sediment deposition were compared among three logged and three reference stream reaches 2–3 years before and 3–4 years after logging to assess the environmental impacts of partial harvesting as a novel riparian management strategy for boreal forest streams. The partial-harvest logging resulted in 10, 21 and 28% average basal area removal from riparian buffers at the three logged sites, adjacent to upland clearcut areas. No significant differences from pre-logging or reference-site sedimentation patterns were detected for two of the three logged sites. At the site with the most intense riparian logging (WR2), significant increases of 3–5 times higher than pre-logging or reference levels were detected in fine inorganic sediment (250–1000 μm) load and accumulation in the first year after logging, but no significant change was detected in fine organic sediments or very fine sediments (0.5–250 μm). The increased inorganic sediment deposition at WR2 was temporary with no significant differences from reference or pre-logging levels detectable by summer of the second post-logging year. Logging impacts on fine sedimentation in streams appeared to have been mitigated by careful logging practices including winter harvesting in riparian areas to reduce ground disturbance, and a tendency to avoid immediate (within 3–5 m) stream-side areas. Where it is feasible and advisable to conduct partial harvesting in riparian buffers of boreal forest streams, the logging can be conducted without posing significant risk of increased sediment inputs to streams when careful logging practices are followed.  相似文献   

Widespread iron limitation of phytoplankton in the south pacific ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MJ Behrenfeld  ZS Kolber 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5403):840-843

Diel fluorescence patterns were discovered in phytoplankton sampled over 7000 kilometers of the South Pacific Ocean that appear indicative of iron-limiting growth conditions. These patterns were rapidly lost after in situ iron enrichment and were not observed during a 15,000-kilometer transect in the Atlantic Ocean where iron concentrations are relatively high. Laboratory studies of marine Synechococcus sp. indicated that the patterns in the South Pacific are a unique manifestation of iron limitation on the fluorescence signature of state transitions. Results suggest that primary productivity is iron limited not only throughout the equatorial Pacific but also over much of the vast South Pacific gyre.  相似文献   

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in an adult British Friesian cow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P R Scott  B M Aldridge  L A Holmes  E M Milne  D M Collins 《The Veterinary record》1988,123(14):373-374

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Hyperthermia and death in feedlot cattle associated with the ingestion of Claviceps purpurea     

RL PEET  MR McCARTHY  MJ BARBETTI 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(3):121-121

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The pathophysiology of ovine ostertagiasis: some nitrogen balance and digestibility studies     

J J Parkins  P H Holmes  K C Bremner 《Research in veterinary science》1973,14(1):21-28

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The molecular epidemiology of equine herpesvirus 1 (equine abortion virus) in Australasia 1975 to 1989     

MJ STUDDERT  BS CRABB  N FICORILLI 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):104-111

The restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints of 57 isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1; equine abortion virus) from abortion, perinatal foal mortalities and encephalitis from 15 epidemics that occurred in Australasia between 1975 and 1989 were examined using the enzymes Bam HI, EcoRI and Bgl II. There was a remarkable degree of uniformity in the restriction patterns; mobility differences were observed in only 14 of 52 (27%) of the fragments. Twelve of these 14 fragments were located within the repeat structures that bracket the unique short region of the genome or were located at the left terminus of the 150 kilobase pair genome. Based on the Bam HI fingerprints the commonest virus identified in our study was EHV1.IP (P is for prototype strain). There was a single notable exception in that the Bam HI fingerprints of all 8 isolates from one of 3 Victorian farms that experienced abortion in 1989 resembled a variant EHV1.IB that was identified as a cause of abortion in Central Kentucky in 1970 to 1974. We present evidence that EHV1.IB caused abortion in California in 1964 and has remained unaltered in its Bam HI restriction pattern. No antigenic differences were found among 4 distantly related EHV1 isolates, including the variant IB, using a panel of 5 monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein C (gC), a glycoprotein recognised to be highly variable. The uniformity of these unrelated EHV1 isolates is further evidence for a recent origin for EHV1 and may help to explain the natural history of this virus in the horse in which it seems to be a cause of serious epidemics of abortion and perinatal mortality, and less commonly of encephalitis.  相似文献   

In vitro study of heat production during power reduction of equine mandibular teeth     

Allen ML  Baker GJ  Freeman DE  Holmes KR  Marretta SM  Scoggins RD  Constable P 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(7):1128-1132

OBJECTIVE: To measure the amount of heat generated during 3 methods of equine dental reduction with power instruments. DESIGN: In vitro study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 30 premolar and molar teeth removed from mandibles of 8 equine heads collected at an abbatoir. PROCEDURE: 38-gauge copper-constantan thermocouples were inserted into the lingual side of each tooth 15 mm (proximal) and 25 mm (distal) from the occlusal surface, at a depth of 5 mm, which placed the tip close to the pulp chamber. Group-NC1 (n = 10) teeth were ground for 1 minute without coolant, group-NC2 (10) teeth were ground for 2 minutes without coolant, and group-C2 (10) teeth were ground for 2 minutes with water for coolant. RESULTS: Mean temperature increase was 1.2 degrees C at the distal thermocouple and 6.6 degrees C at the proximal thermocouple for group-NC1 teeth, 4.1 degrees C at the distal thermocouple and 24.3 degrees C at the proximal thermocouple for group-NC2 teeth, and 0.8 degrees C at the distal thermocouple and -0.1 degrees C at the proximal thermocouple for group-C2 teeth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In general, an increase of 5 degrees C in human teeth is considered the maximum increase before there is permanent damage to tooth pulp. In group-NC2 teeth, temperature increased above this limit by several degrees, whereas in group-C2 teeth, there was little or no temperature increase. Our results suggest that major reduction of equine teeth by use of power instruments causes thermal changes that may cause irreversible pulp damage unless water cooling is used.  相似文献