The collection of wild oat species of C.I.S. as a source of diversity in agricultural traits     

Igor G. Loskutov 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(4):291-295

This work presents the results of studying (1990–1992) such wild oat species as Avena clauda Dur., A. pilosa M.B., A. bruhnsiana Grun., A. wiestii Steud., A. barbata Pott.; weedy species – A. sterilis L., A. fatua L. and A. ludoviciana Dur. The range of variability by agricultural traits has been shown and plant forms have been identified by such traits as earliness, dwarfness, productive tillering, resistance to lodging, crown and stem rusts, powdery mildew, tolerance to BYDV and other morphological characters. The author has defined parameters of interrelation between the duration of the vegetation period and its separate phases as well as between other agricultural and morphological traits.  相似文献   

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil as an additive in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings reared in salinized water     

Guilherme Melgao Heluy  Leonardo Rocha Vidal Ramos  Virgínia Fonseca Pedrosa  Cristiane Sarturi  Paulo Gustavo Pires Figueiredo  Letícia Gabriela Poblete Vidal  Igor de Fiuza Frana  Marcelo Maia Pereira 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(8):3237-3243

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of oregano essential oil on the growth performance, blood glucose levels, body composition and intestinal morphometry of Nile tilapia reared in salinized water at 10 g/L for 64 days. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, in which a control diet and four diets containing increasing concentrations of oregano essential oil (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 g/kg) were tested. The best results for the growth parameters were obtained with the oregano essential oil inclusion level of 0.75 g/kg, but did not differ (p > .05) from inclusion levels of 0.0, 2.25 and 3.0 g/kg. Conversely, the treatment including the oil level of 1.5 g/kg was the only one to produce significantly (p < .05) lower results. The body composition and blood glucose were not significantly affected. Intestinal morphometry analysis revealed a significant effect on villus length, which increased with the proportion of oregano essential oil added to the diet; accordingly, the inclusion level of 3.0 g/kg provided the best results for this variable. Therefore, the addition of oregano essential oil at 3.0 g/kg in the diet of Nile tilapia cultured in salinized water may act as a stimulant to intestinal villus development and, consequently, as a growth promoter.  相似文献   

Engineering investigation of design procedures for closed containment marine aquaculture systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David W. Fredriksson  Igor Tsukrov  Patrick Hudson   《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,39(2-3):91-102

The objective of this paper is to investigate potential design procedures for rigid, closed containment aquaculture systems deployed in the marine environment. In this context, closed containment is a term used to describe a range of aquaculture technologies that attempt to restrict and control interactions between farmed fish and the external aquatic environment, with the goal of minimizing impacts. The containment units are often closely spaced and moored to the seafloor bottom. The geographical area of interest is the Straits of Georgia, British Columbia in Canada.In this study, the design configurations of multiple closed containment systems are investigated. The design procedures include examining: (1) local environmental conditions, (2) drag forces on multiple containment units, (3) wave loading, (4) undamped heave motions, (5) mooring gear components and (6) material stresses on a rigid containment structure. Operational and other design considerations are also discussed. Preliminary findings indicate that wave forces could be substantial. In addition, little is known about how containment units, which are closely spaced, will respond individually or as a farm when subjected to surface waves.  相似文献   

Suitable methods for cryopreservation of semen from Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.     

Igor Babiak  Sylvie Bolla  Oddvar Ottesen 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(6):561-572

Decrease in the quality and quantity of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L., semen towards the end of the reproductive season hampers production of good-quality embryos. Therefore, cryopreservation of spermatozoa is a method showing potential to facilitate controlled reproduction in Atlantic halibut. The present study aimed at establishing the appropriate cryopreservation procedure. We tested 20 extenders composed of four various diluents and five cryoprotectants (DMSO, DMA, methanol, propylene glycol, and glycerol) to determine the best extender. Then, we examined cryopreservation quality using various methods of loading and various volumes of cryopreserved samples. In most of the tested variants, sperm diluted with an extender showed high motility after 24-h incubation despite the high osmotic pressure of the extender. Modified turbot extender (MTE) was the best of the tested diluents, securing the highest post-thaw motility (P < 0.05), and DMSO, DMA, and methanol were the best cryoprotectants (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect of 15-min equilibration of semen in MTE-based extenders prior to freezing on post-thaw motility (P > 0.05). MTE-based extender was chosen as the most suitable. Semen cryopreserved in straws, Eppendorfs or Ziploc bags in volumes ranging from 0.25 to 20 ml showed similar high fertilization ability. Survival of larvae produced with the cryopreserved sperm did not differ from controls produced with freshly collected sperm. Motility 3 h after thawing was high but depended on the type of cryoprotectant and the volume of cryopreserved sperm (P < 0.05). The developed cryopreservation procedure has been applied at our Atlantic halibut breeding station for seed production.  相似文献   

Phenolic Compounds,Volatiles and Antioxidant Capacity of White Myrtle Berry Liqueurs     

Gabriele Serreli  Igor Jerković  Katarzyna Angelika Gil  Zvonimir Marijanović  Viviana Pacini  Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(2):205-210

The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and physical-chemical characteristics of commercial white myrtle berry (Myrtus communis L. var. leucocarpa DC) liqueur (WMBL). The total phenolic (TP) content was measured spectrophotometrically, applying a modified Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, and phenolic compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet/visible detection. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated by FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH^?, and ABTS^?+ assays. The volatiles were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS/FID) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). WMBL showed lower TP levels (636.3 ± 39.2 mg GAE/L) than in purple myrtle berry liqueur (PMBL). Nevertheless, WMBL exhibited better antioxidant capacities, potentially due to high concentrations of gallic acid (294.2 ± 14.2 mg/L) and its derivatives (58.3 ± 2.1 mg/L). Other phenolic compounds detected by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS were flavonols like myricetin and its derivatives (myricetin-3-O-galactoside and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside) with concentrations similar to those found in PMBL. GC-MS/FID analysis revealed 44 compounds (terpenes, higher aliphatic compounds and shikimic acid pathway derivatives). 1,8-Cineole was the most abundant terpene in the liqueur (26.5% (HS-SPME) and 9.6% (LLE)).  相似文献   

Genome-wide association studies in a barley (Hordeum vulgare) diversity set reveal a limited number of loci for resistance to spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana)     

Fluturë Novakazi  Olga Afanasenko  Nina Lashina  Gregory J. Platz  Rod Snowdon  Igor Loskutov  Frank Ordon 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(3):521-535

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is an important disease in barley worldwide, causing considerable yield losses and reduced grain quality. In order to identify QTL conferring resistance to spot blotch, a highly diverse worldwide barley set comprising 449 accessions was phenotyped for seedling resistance with three isolates (No 31, SH 15 and SB 61) and for adult plant resistance at two locations (Russia and Australia) in two years. Genotyping with the 50 k iSelect barley SNP genotyping chip yielded 33,818 informative markers. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a compressed mixed linear model, including population structure and kinship, revealed 38 significant marker-trait associations (MTA) for spot blotch resistance. The MTA corresponded to two major QTL on chromosomes 1H and 7H and a putative new minor QTL on chromosome 7H explaining between 2.79% and 13.67% of the phenotypic variance. A total of 10 and 14 high-confidence genes were identified in the respective major QTL regions, seven of which have a predicted involvement in pathogen recognition or defence.  相似文献   

Damming and seasonality as modulators of fish community structure in a small tributary     

Andr Batista Nobile  Diogo Freitas‐Souza  Felipe Pontieri Lima  Jamile Queiroz  Isabelle Leite Bayona‐Perez  Edmir Daniel Carvalho  Igor Paiva Ramos 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(4):563-572

River damming alters the physical–chemical variables of water and often causes compartmentalisation of aquatic habitats. Seasonality can add complexity to the longitudinal compartmentalisation. The spatial and temporal effects of these two phenomena on the structure of ichthyofauna from a tributary under the influence of damming were evaluated, based on the following hypotheses: (1) transition habitats have the greatest species richness; (2) community similarity decreases with increasing distance between sites; (3) conservation of free‐flowing areas upstream reservoir contributes to the maintenance of migratory species. To evaluate the effects of these two phenomena, twelve monthly fish samples (September/12 to August/13) were performed with gillnets in three sample areas distributed longitudinally in the tributary. Limnological variables were measured in the same sample areas to confirm compartmentalisation. We observed three distinct limnological compartments (lotic, transition and lentic), with increase differentiation during the rainy season. This compartmentalisation influenced fish fauna where localised communities exhibited different compositions among the three sampled habitats. During the rainy season, these differences become pronounced, with transition habitat showing greater species richness than the others. More pronounced differences in species composition and structure in extremes sampling sites were also observed. Migratory fish presented higher proportion of fish composition in lotic habitat. In conclusion, damming and seasonality acted concomitantly as modulators of fish fauna in a tributary influenced by damming. However, compartmentalisation of habitats was the primary driver of ichthyofauna community structure with the rainy season increasing differences in community composition.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional nematic colloidal crystals self-assembled by topological defects     

Musevic I  Skarabot M  Tkalec U  Ravnik M  Zumer S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5789):954-958

The ability to generate regular spatial arrangements of particles is an important technological and fundamental aspect of colloidal science. We showed that colloidal particles confined to a few-micrometer-thick layer of a nematic liquid crystal form two-dimensional crystal structures that are bound by topological defects. Two basic crystalline structures were observed, depending on the ordering of the liquid crystal around the particle. Colloids inducing quadrupolar order crystallize into weakly bound two-dimensional ordered structure, where the particle interaction is mediated by the sharing of localized topological defects. Colloids inducing dipolar order are strongly bound into antiferroelectric-like two-dimensional crystallites of dipolar colloidal chains. Self-assembly by topological defects could be applied to other systems with similar symmetry.  相似文献   

Protein kinase A activity and NO are involved in the regulation of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) red blood cell osmotic fragility     

Andreyeva  Aleksandra Yu.  Kladchenko  Ekaterina S.  Sudnitsyna  Julia S.  Krivchenko  Aleksander I.  Mindukshev  Igor V.  Gambaryan  Stepan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2021,47(4):1105-1117

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Activation of the cAMP pathway by β-adrenergic stimulation and cGMP pathway by activation of guanylate cyclase substantially affects red blood cell (RBC)...  相似文献   

Global analysis of the protection status of the world’s forests     

Christine B. Schmitt  Neil D. Burgess  Lauren Coad  Alexander Belokurov  Charles Besanon  Lauriane Boisrobert  Alison Campbell  Lucy Fish  Derek Gliddon  Kate Humphries  Valerie Kapos  Colby Loucks  Igor Lysenko  Lera Miles  Craig Mills  Susan Minnemeyer  Till Pistorius  Corinna Ravilious  Marc Steininger  Georg Winkel 《Biological conservation》2009,142(10):2122-2130

This study presents a global analysis of forest cover and forest protection. An updated Global Forest Map (using MODIS2005) provided a current assessment of forest cover within 20 natural forest types. This map was overlaid onto WWF realms and ecoregions to gain additional biogeographic information on forest distribution. Using the 2008 World Database on Protected Areas, percentage forest cover protection was calculated globally, within forest types, realms and ecoregions, and within selected areas of global conservation importance. At the 10% tree cover threshold, global forest cover was 39 million km². Of this, 7.7% fell within protected areas under IUCN management categories I–IV. With the inclusion of IUCN categories V and VI, the level of global forest protection increased to 13.5%. Percentage forest protection (IUCN I–IV) varied greatly between realms from 5.5% (Palearctic) to 13.4% (Australasia), and for forest types from 3.2% (temperate freshwater swamp forest) to 28% (temperate broadleaf evergreen forest). Median protection of forest cover in 670 ecoregions (forest above a specified threshold) was 5.9% (IUCN I–IV); at IUCN I–VI, 46% of the ecoregions had less than 10% forest protection. Considering their biodiversity importance, forest protection within global priority areas was insufficient, e.g., median protection of 8.4% in biodiversity hotspots (IUCN I–IV). Results have policy relevance in terms of the target of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), reconfirmed in 2008, to effectively conserve “at least 10% of each of the world’s forest types”. Regular updates of these analyses would allow progress towards achieving that target to be monitored.  相似文献