A DNA Probe for Rapid Screening of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Carrying Extra Chromosomes from Wild Beets of the Procumbentes Section     

C. Jung  R. G. Herrmann 《Plant Breeding》1991,107(4):275-279

Genes from wild species of the Procumbentes section can be transferred to sugar beet chromosomes via translocations. Since large translocations, including for example a gene for nematode resistance, generally result in meiotic disturbances, there is a need to select new diploid resistant beets from progenies of monosomic wild beet addition lines. A dispersed repetitive DNA probe, which is closely correlated with the resistance gene and hybridizes exclusively with wild beet DNA, appears to be highly superior to selection based on isozyme markers. Characteristic ‘fingerprints’ on the available monosomic addition lines reveal the existence of at last 5 different chromosomes in the wild species each housing a gene for nematode resistance. This probe can be used advantageously to identify individuals carrying the intact or fragmented wild beet chromosomes, or even various amounts of translocated chromatin. Strategies are discussed for the identification of new translocation types using straightforward squash dot or Southern hybridization techniques in combination with the wild beet DNA probe.  相似文献   

Influence of cyto‐sterility sources of female line on seed quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) in relation to storage period          下载免费PDF全文

Shyamal Kumar Chakrabarty  Aniruddha Maity  Jung Bahadur Yadav 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(3):333-337

Effect of cyto‐sterility sources on morphology and yield attributes in F₁ has well been studied in different crops, but not on the seed quality of hybrid. Six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, viz. Ogura, Siifolia, Erucoides, Moricandia, Tournefortii and Oxyrrhina, which represent six different sources of CMS, were pollinated by a single maintainer line (‘Pusa Bold’) to check whether CMS sources have any marked effect on seed quality. Seeds were collected in 2007–2008 (rabi season: October–April) from CMS maintenance plot and kept in ambient storage for next 3 years. The results indicated that CMS/cyto‐sterility sources influenced the seed quality parameters in fresh seed as well as after storage. Per cent germination (as means over the storage period) was recorded up to 89.00, 88.25 and 87.88 in Moricandia, Ogura and Oxyrrhina systems, respectively, and it was significantly different from Tournefortii and ‘Pusa Bold’ (70.13 and 74.38, respectively). The CMS sources also had pronounced effect on other seed quality traits, viz. root and shoot length and seedling dry matter, and Ogura and Moricandia (green) performed better.  相似文献   

Free and bound air in soil aggregates     

I. R. Il’in 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(2):168-175

The total content of air entrapped, adsorbed, dissolved, and occurring as bubbles in soil water is termed “bound soil air.” The content of free soil air is determined from the difference between the total and bound soil air. Data on the content of free and bound air in different-sized aggregates of calcareous coarse silty-clayey meadow alluvial soil in the Dnestr River floodplain are presented. The effect of density, aeration, and sand and straw addition on the content of the free and bound air in soil aggregates was shown. A classification of aggregates based on their density and the content of the free, bound, and total soil air was proposed.  相似文献   

Modelling the Vertical Transport of Pollutants by Fronts     

Jae-Cheol Nam  Deb J. Fish  Alan J. Thorpe  Soon-Ung Park 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):361-366

A quantitative study of the amount of air transported between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere is important for understanding air quality and upper tropospheric ozone, which is a greenhouse gas. Frontal systems are known to be an effective mechanism for the vertical transport of pollutants. Numerical experiments have been performed with a simple two-dimensional front model to simulate vertical transport of trace gases within developing cold fronts. Three different trace gases experiments have been done numerically according to the different initial fields of trace gases such as aerosol, ozone and H₂O₂. Trace gas field tilts to the east while the front tilts to the west. Aerosol simulation shows that pollutants can be transported out of the boundary to altitudes of about 10 km. The stratospheric ozone is brought downwards in a tropopause fold behind of the frontal surface. The meridional gradient in trace gas (H₂O₂) can cause a complicate structure in the trace field by the meridional advection.  相似文献   

Color characteristics of monascus pigments derived by fermentation with various amino acids     

Jung H  Kim C  Kim K  Shin CS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1302-1306

Various pigment colors were produced by Monascus fermentations with separate addition of 20 amino acids. The color characteristics and structures of the pigment derivatives were investigated. When each amino acid was added to the fermentation broth as a precursor, pigment extracts with different hue and chroma values were obtained depending on the content ratios of yellow, orange, and red colors in the fermentation broth. The yellow and orange pigments were identical regardless of amino acid addition. The red compounds varied on the basis of the type of amino acid added. LC-MS and (1)H and (13)C NMR structural analyses confirmed that the derivative pigments contained the moieties of the added amino acids. L, a, and b values of the CIELAB color system for the derivative pigments were measured. Values of hue and chroma were then calculated. The colors of the derivative pigments were in the range of orangish red to violet red. The hydrophilicities/hydrophobicities of the derivative pigments could be predicted from their log P values, which were estimated using computer programs.  相似文献   

Effect of far-infrared radiation on the antioxidant activity of rice hulls     

Lee SC  Kim JH  Jeong SM  Kim DR  Ha JU  Nam KC  Ahn DU 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(15):4400-4403

After far-infrared (FIR) radiation onto rice hull, a methanolic extract was prepared for the determination of antioxidant ability. After 30 min of FIR treatment, the radical scavenging activity and total phenol contents of rice hull extracts increased from 47.74 to 79.63% and from 0.12 to 0.19 mM, respectively, compared to control. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in extracts was also increased from 41.07 to 47.96%. According to the GC-MS analysis, more phenolic compounds (p-coumaric acid, 3-vinyl-1-oxybenzene, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4,7-dihydroxyvanillic acid) were detected in FIR-irradiated rice hull extract. These results indicated that FIR radiation onto rice hull could liberate and activate covalently bound phenolic compounds that have antioxidant activities.  相似文献   

Measurement of Atmospheric Formaldehyde and Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy during Winter and Summer Intensive Periods in Seoul, Korea     

Chulkyu Lee  Young Joon Kim  Sang-Bum Hong  Hanlim Lee  Jinsang Jung  Yeo-Jin Choi  Jungeun Park  Ki-Hyun Kim  Jai-Hoon Lee  Ki-Joon Chun  Hyun-Ho Kim 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):181-195

Ozone effects on Mediterranean forests were studied for 10 years in southern France. The aim of these studies was to understand the impact of the pollutant on foliar damage among Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) and Arolla pine (Pinus cembra L) populations. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, ozone concentrations were measured using UV absorption analysers (4) and passive samplers (29) at two forest monitoring sites: Site 1 in the Nice coastal area for Aleppo pine and Site 2 in the Mercantour mountains for Arolla pine, in the vicinity of tree observation sites. AOT 40 values were quite high (25–33 ppm.h), especially in the Mercantour mountains, for the 5 months of measurement. Foliar damage (defoliation and discoloration) and specific symptoms (chlorotic mottle) were observed on 8 Aleppo pine and 13 Arolla pine plots. For Arolla pines, there was a significant correlation between defoliation and chlorotic mottles. There was also a correlation between mean ozone concentrations measured by passive samplers and chlorotic mottles. These correlations were less significant for Aleppo pine.  相似文献   

Heavy metals in the soil-crop system     

V. B. Il’in 《Eurasian Soil Science》2007,40(9):993-999

Data on the bulk contents of heavy metals in polluted soils are not quite suitable to judge the ecological situation in an agrocenosis. According to the results of model experiments with artificial contamination of soil, the flux of zinc and lead from the starting point (from a medium loamy leached chernozem) to the final point (wheat grains) sharply decreases. It is possible to obtain an ecologically pure (uncontaminated) grain yield even on a strongly contaminated soil due to the buffering capacity of the latter and due to the self-protective capacity of agricultural crops. The ecological potential of the soil-crop system is formed mostly at the expense of the buffering capacity of soil to heavy metals; the barrier function of plants is less significant. It is argued that the existing ecological standards based on the total contents of heavy metals in soil are of little use for predicting the quality of crops.  相似文献   

Effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from citrus peels   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jeong SM  Kim SY  Kim DR  Jo SC  Nam KC  Ahn DU  Lee SC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3389-3393

The effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from Citrus unshiu peels was evaluated. Citrus peels (CP) (5 g) were placed in Pyrex Petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) and heat-treated at 50, 100, or 150 degrees C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min in an electric muffle furnace. After heat treatment, 70% ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE) (0.1 g/10 mL) of CP were prepared, and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of CP extracts increased as heating temperature increased. For example, heat treatment of CP at 150 degrees C for 60 min increased the TPC, RSA, and reducing power of EE from 71.8 to 171.0 microM, from 29.64 to 64.25%, and from 0.45 to 0.82, respectively, compared to non-heat-treated control. In the case of WE from CP heat-treated at the same conditions (150 degrees C for 60 min), the TPC, RSA, and reducing power also increased from 84.4 to 204.9 microM, from 15.81 to 58.26%, and from 0.27 to 0.96, respectively. Several low molecular weight phenolic compounds such as 2,3-diacetyl-1-phenylnaphthalene, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldoxime, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 2,3-diacetyl-1-phenylnaphthalene, and vanillic acid were newly formed in the CP heated at 150 degrees C for 30 min. These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of CP extracts was significantly affected by heating temperature and duration of treatment on CP and that the heating process can be used as a tool for increasing the antioxidant activity of CP.  相似文献   

Study of interactions between food phenolics and aromatic flavors using one- and two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy     

Jung DM  de Ropp JS  Ebeler SE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(2):407-412

Changes in flavor release and aroma characteristics in a medium including food phenolics may be attributed to an intermolecular interaction between flavor compounds and phenolics. To investigate the interaction, one- and two-dimensional NMR studies have been carried out on the binding of two phenolics, gallic acid and naringin, with three aroma compounds, 2-methylpyrazine, vanillin, and ethyl benzoate. Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters and intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects reveals that gallic acid can interact more strongly with aromatic flavors than naringin. The supramolecular complexation is also dependent on the structural nature of the flavors, with 2-methylpyrazine and vanillin interacting more strongly than ethyl benzoate. The interaction is principally pi-pi stacking between the galloyl ring and the aromatic ring of the aroma compounds, but secondary hydrogen-bonding effects help to stabilize the complex and enhance the specificity.  相似文献