Bypass Surgery for Intestinal Occluding Abscesses in the Equine: A Report of Two Cases     

T. S. TAYLOR D.V.M.  M.S.    M. T. MARTIN D.V.M  W. C. McMULLAN D.V.M.  M.S. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1981,10(3):136-138

The medical management of two horses with small intestine occluding abdominal abscesses was supported by surgical bypasses. In the first case the small intestine was transected proximal to the abscess and an end-to-side anastomosis performed distally; in the second case a side-to-side anastomosis was performed without bowel transection. The results suggest bowel transection with an end-to-side anastomosis to be the preferred procedure.  相似文献   

Feline pancreatic Islet cell hyalinosis associated with diabetes mellitus and lowered serum-insulin concentrations     

J. PETER FINN  C. L. MARTIN  J. G. MANNS 《The Journal of small animal practice》1970,11(9):607-619

A case of feline spontaneous diabetes mellitus with an absolute deficiency of insulin is presented. The characteristic hypertrophy of the Islets and hyalinosis is described and compared to the disease in dogs.
Résumé. On présente un cas de diabète sucré spontané chez un chat, avec une insuffisance totale d'insuline. L'hypertrophie caractéristique des îlots et l'hyalinose sont décrites et comparées avec les lésions observées chez le chien.
Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von spontanem Diabetes mellitus mit absolutem Insulinmangel wird beschrieben. Die charakteristische Hypertrophie der Inseln und Hyalinose werden beschrieben und mit der Krankheit bei Hunden verglichen.  相似文献   

The 2006 outbreak of bluetongue in northern Europe--the entomological perspective   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Meiswinkel R  Baldet T  de Deken R  Takken W  Delécolle JC  Mellor PS 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,87(1-2):55-63

After bluetongue (BT) appeared in northern Europe in August 2006 entomological studies were implemented in all five affected Member States (MSs) to establish which species of Culicoides had acted as vectors. The findings can be summarised as follows: (i) C. imicola the principal southern European/African vector of BTV has not penetrated into northern Europe, (ii) three pools of C. obsoletus/C. scoticus and one of C. dewulfi assayed RT-PCR-positive to BTV-8, (iii) in support of these results it was found that both potential vectors had also high parity rates (approximately 40%) indicating increased longevity favouring BTV virogenesis and transmission, (iv) furthermore, C. obsoletus/C. scoticus and C. dewulfi occurred also widely and abundantly on sheep and cattle holdings across the entire affected region, (v) and during the latter part of the season showed strong endophily readily entering livestock buildings in significant numbers to bite the animals inside (endophagy), (vi) which demonstrates that housing at best offers only limited protection to livestock from Culicoides attacks, (vii) in contrast the potential vector C. pulicaris sensu stricto was restricted geographically, was captured rarely, had a low parity rate (10%) and was exophilic indicating it played no role in the outbreak of BT, (viii) the incrimination of C. dewulfi as a novel vector is significant because it breeds in cattle and horse dung this close association raising its vectorial potential, but (ix) problems with its taxonomy (and that of the Obsoletus and Pulicaris species complexes) illustrates the need for morphological and molecular techniques to become more fully integrated to ensure progress in the accurate identification of vector Culicoides, (x) midge densities (as adjudged by light traps) were generally low indicating northern European Culicoides to have a high vector potential and/or that significant numbers of midges are going undetected because they are biting (and transmitting BTV) during the day when light traps are not effective, and (xi) the sporadic capture of Culicoides in the winter of 2007 invites re-examination of the current definition of a vector-free period. The re-emergence of BT over a wide front in 2007 raises anew questions as to precisely how the virus overwinters and asks also that we scrutinise our monitoring systems in terms of their sensitivity and early warning capability.  相似文献   

Use of a Rotating-Drum Pilot Plant To Model the Composting of Household Waste On an Industrial Scale     

S. Aboulam  B. Morvan  J-C. Revel 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):184-190

Any expert appraisal of municipal solid waste composting plants requires the evaluation of each piece of equipment in the processing sequence. However, the in situ study of working rotating drums is limited or impossible in composting plants, in particular for safety reasons. A laboratory pilot system (1.5 m length and 0.8 m diameter) with a rotating drum was developed. We compared its output with that of a rotary drum composting reactor in a working installation in Landerneau (France), both using similar municipal solid waste input. We were thus able to confirm the double function of the composting set up: microbiological degradation and size reduction of the municipal solid waste. Although the second function remains difficult to reproduce owing to the dimensions of the drums, extending the residence time in the laboratory led to fuller degradation of the organic matter. As the ash content remained constant, the weight loss at 550°C for material at the input and at the output of the rotating drum allowed evaluation of the organic matter losses and thus assessment of the plant's yield. The accuracy of this evaluation remains closely linked to the error involved in measurement of the ash. The daily losses of organic matter were about 3.3% dry wt. for the industrial plant and about 1.5% in the laboratory.  相似文献   

大范围土壤监测方案的一般问题: 综述     

D. ARROUAYS  B. P. MARCHANT  N. P. A. SABY  J. MEERSMANS  T. G. ORTON  M. P. MARTIN  P. H. BELLAMY  R. M. LARK  M. KIBBLEWHITE 《土壤圈》2012,22(4):456-469

Numerous scientific challenges arise when designing a soil monitoring network (SMN), especially when assessing large areas and several properties that are driven by numerous controlling factors of various origins and scales. Different broad approaches to the establishment of SMNs are distinguished. It is essential to establish an adequate sampling protocol that can be applied rigorously at each sampling location and time. We make recommendations regarding the within-site sampling of soil. Different statistical methods should be associated with the different types of sampling design. We review new statistical methods that account for different sources of uncertainty. Except for those parameters for which a consensus exists, the question of testing method harmonisation remains a very difficult issue. The establishment of benchmark sites devoted to harmonisation and inter-calibration is advocated as a technical solution. However, to our present knowledge, no study has addressed crucial scientific issues such as how many calibration sites are necessary and how to locate them.  相似文献   

Biomechanical Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Motion Pattern of the Canine Cervical Spine Segment C₄–C₅     

MARTIN HOFSTETTER  DVM    PHILIPPE GÉDET  Diplom-HTL-Ingenieur    MARCUS DOHERR  Diplomate ECVPH    STEPHEN J. FERGUSON  PhD    FRANCK FORTERRE  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(1):49-58

Objective— To study the kinematics of cervical spine segment C₄–C₅ and its association with disc dimensions and the coupled motion (CM) in relation to primary motion (PM).
Study Design— Cadaveric biomechanical study.
Animals— Cadavers of large breed dogs (>20 kg; n=11).
Methods— Spines were freed from muscles. Radiographs were taken orthogonal to the C₄–C₅ disc space and disc thickness, endplate width, and height were measured. Spines were mounted on a simulator for 3-dimensional motion analysis. Data were recorded with an optoelectronic motion analysis system. Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were determined in the direction of flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation, as well as the ROM of CM.
Results— ROM in flexion and extension was similar; there was no CM in flexion/extension. Left/right axial rotation and left/right lateral bending were coupled to the same side. CM was 1.72 and 3.56 times the ROM of the PM in lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively. Disc dimensions were positively correlated with body weight. Flexion/extension magnitude was significantly reduced for larger endplates, but axial rotation was not influenced. Lateral bending had no correlation with weight or disc dimensions.
Conclusion— Left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation are coupled differently in the C₄–C₅ segment in dogs compared with humans.
Clinical Relevance— The canine C₄–C₅ spinal segment has unique motion coupling patterns that should be considered for dynamic implant designs.  相似文献   

Effects of quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, and 7 on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in backcross Meishan x Large White pigs     

Sanchez MP  Riquet J  Iannuccelli N  Gogué J  Billon Y  Demeure O  Caritez JC  Burgaud G  Fève K  Bonnet M  Péry C  Lagant H  Le Roy P  Bidanel JP  Milan D 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(3):526-537

The aim of this work was to estimate whether genetic dissection of QTL on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, and 7, detected in an F2 Meishan x Large White population, can be achieved with a recombinant back-cross progeny test approach. For this purpose, a first generation of backcross (BC1) was produced by using frozen semen of F1 Large White x Meishan boars with Large White females. Four BC1 boars were selected because of their heterozygosity for at least 1 of the 4 regions. The BC1 boars were crossed with Large White sows, and the resulting BC2 offspring were measured for several growth and body composition traits. Contrary to the F2 animals, BC2 animals were also measured for meat quality traits in adductor, gluteus superficialis (GS), longissimus dorsi, and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Each BC1 boar was tested for a total of 39 traits and for the 4 regions with statistical interval mapping analyses. The QTL effects obtained in BC1 families showed some differences compared with those described in F1 families. However, we confirmed QTL effects for growth in the SW1301-SW2512 markers interval on chromosome 1 and also for body composition in the SW1828-SW2512 markers interval on chromosome 1, in the SW2443-SWR783 markers interval on chromosome 2, and in the SW1369-SW632 markers interval on chromosome 7. In addition, we detected new QTL for growth traits on chromosome 2 and for meat quality traits on chromosomes 1 and 2. Growth of animals from weaning to the end of the test was influenced by the IGF2 gene region on chromosome 2. Concerning meat quality, ultimate pH of adductor, longissimus dorsi, and BF were affected by the interval delimited by UMNP3000 and SW2512 markers on chromosome 1, and a* of GS, L* of BF, and water-holding capacity of GS were affected by QTL located between marker loci SW2443 and SWR783 on chromosome 2. Recombinant progeny testing appeared to be a suitable strategy for the genetic dissection of the QTL investigated.  相似文献   

Rabies, an emerging disease in Korea     

Kim CH  Lee CG  Yoon HC  Nam HM  Park CK  Lee JC  Kang MI  Wee SH 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(3):111-115

Since the first rabies case was reported in a dog in 1907, the disease was enzootic up to 1975 in Korea. After a steady decrease in the number of rabies cases from 1976 to 1984, no case was reported for 8 years from 1985 to 1992. Then, a resurgence of the disease was noted in 1993, and a continuous increase of rabies cases was observed during the following years. This report provides information on rabies in South Korea during the reemerging period 1993-2003. A total of 364 rabies cases in five different animal species and five deaths in human beings as a result of rabies were reported. Cattle and dogs accounted for 46.4% and 40.4% of total animal cases, respectively, and raccoon dogs commanded an overwhelming majority (44/48) of rabies cases in wildlife animal species. All animal and human rabies cases occurred only in two provinces, Gyeonggi and Gangwon; majority of them in two counties of Gyeonggi and one county of Gangwon province that border the demilitarized zone. From the three counties, the disease continued to expand to the other areas of the two provinces. The average monthly frequency of animal rabies cases during the 11-year period peaked in January, and the incidence was highest during winter. There were three major rabies outbreaks in animals and the number of animal rabies cases increased with time. Data indicate that the temporal patterns were attributable to the ethology of raccoon dogs in the areas of outbreak.  相似文献   

Comparison of organic and conventional selection environments for spring wheat     

MARTIN H. ENTZ 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(6):687-694

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Use of T-plates for the stabilisation of supra-cotyloid ilial fractures in 18 cats and five dogs.     

J-C Troger  E Viguier 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2008,21(1):69-75

The use of the AO (Arbeitgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesenfragen) veterinary T-plates (1.5/2 mm and 2.7/3.5 mm) for stabilisation of supracotyloid ilial fractures in 18 cats and five dogs was evaluated in a retrospective study. The distal fragment from the coxofemoral joint ranged from 0.5 cm to 1 cm with a mean distance of 0.85 cm. Twenty out of 23 (87%) ilial fractures healed in original alignment. Three out of 23 (13%) animals had two loosened screws of the distal fragment with fracture malunion and minor medial displacement of the acetabular fragment. Screw or plate breakage was not observed and the implants were not removed. The clinical result was 'excellent' for 18 animals (78%), 'good' for four animals (17%), and 'poor' for one animal (5%). The use of T-plates permits good correction of supracotylo?d fractures with minimal approach and minimizes post-operative complications.  相似文献