Increased expression of GAPDH protein is not indicative of nitrosative stress or apoptosis in liver of starved rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Baumgarner BL  Riley CP  Sepulveda MS  Brown PB  Meyer JL  Adamec J 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(2):319-327

Short-term starvation has been linked to in vivo protein degradation in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). However, it is unclear whether this proposed increase in protein degradation is followed by programmed cell death (apoptosis) in liver of starved trout. A preliminary study in our laboratory revealed an isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein that increased 4.5-fold in liver of starved trout. GAPDH is a glycolytic enzyme involved in other cellular functions, including apoptosis. Increased intracellular nitric oxide (NO) promotes nuclear translocation of GAPDH that is associated with increased apoptosis in mammals. If GAPDH protein is associated with apoptosis in rainbow trout, it could potentially be used as a biomarker of cellular stress in liver of teleost fish species. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased GAPDH protein expression in liver of starved rainbow trout is associated with NO-induced apoptosis. Targeted proteomic analysis using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to determine the level of GAPDH in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cell lysates. Dot blot and DNA fragmentation analyses were conducted to evaluate protein S-nitrosylation and apoptosis, respectively. Results showed that cytoplasmic GAPDH was 3.4-fold higher in liver of starved versus fed rainbow trout but could not be detected in nuclear fractions. Starvation significantly reduced hepato-somatic index but had no effect on iNOS protein expression, protein S-nitrosylation, or apoptosis. Our results indicate that starvation promoted significant reduction in liver mass that was not associated with increased apoptosis or NO-induced stress and that greater GAPDH concentration in liver of starved rainbow trout was located primarily in the cytoplasm.  相似文献   

Targeted identification of genomic regions using TAGdb     

Daniel J Marshall  Alice Hayward  Dominic Eales  Michael Imelfort  Jiri Stiller  Paul J Berkman  Terry Clark  Megan McKenzie  Kaitao Lai  Chris Duran  Jacqueline Batley  David Edwards 《Plant methods》2010,6(1):1-6

Background

The introduction of second generation sequencing technology has enabled the cost effective sequencing of genomes and the identification of large numbers of genes and gene promoters. However, the assembly of DNA sequences to create a representation of the complete genome sequence remains costly, especially for the larger and more complex plant genomes.

Results

We have developed an online database, TAGdb, that enables researchers to identify paired read sequences that share identity with a submitted query sequence. These tags can be used to design oligonucleotide primers for the PCR amplification of the region in the target genome.

Conclusions

The ability to produce large numbers of paired read genome tags using second generation sequencing provides a cost effective method for the identification of genes and promoters in large, complex or orphan species without the need for whole genome assembly.  相似文献   

Biochemical responses and oxidative stress in Francisella tularensis infection: a European brown hare model     

Hana Bandouchova  Miroslav Pohanka  Kristina Vlckova  Veronika Damkova  Lucie Peckova  Jana Sedlackova  Frantisek Treml  Frantisek Vitula  Jiri Pikula 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):2

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate biochemical and oxidative stress responses to experimental F. tularensis infection in European brown hares, an important source of human tularemia infections.

Methods

For these purposes we compared the development of an array of biochemical parameters measured in blood plasma using standard procedures of dry chemistry as well as electrochemical devices following a subcutaneous infection with a wild Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strain (a single dose of 2.6 × 10⁹ CFU pro toto).

Results

Subcutaneous inoculation of a single dose with 2.6 × 10⁹ colony forming units of a wild F. tularensis strain pro toto resulted in the death of two out of five hares. Plasma chemistry profiles were examined on days 2 to 35 post-infection. When compared to controls, the total protein, urea, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were increased, while albumin, glucose and amylase were decreased. Both uric and ascorbic acids and glutathione dropped on day 2 and then increased significantly on days 6 to 12 and 6 to 14 post-inoculation, respectively. There was a two-fold increase in lipid peroxidation on days 4 to 8 post-inoculation.

Conclusions

Contrary to all expectations, the present study demonstrates that the European brown hare shows relatively low susceptibility to tularemia. Therefore, the circumstances of tularemia in hares under natural conditions should be further studied.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Atmospheric Aerosol Number Size Distributions in the Eastern Mediterranean During the ��SUB-AERO�� Project     

Vladimir ?d��mal  Jiri Smol��k  Kostas Eleftheriadis  Zdenek Wagner  Christos Housiadas  Nikos Mihalopoulos  Pavel Miku?ka  Zbynek Ve?e?a  Ilias Kopanakis  Mihalis Lazaridis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):133-146

Measurements of number size distributions of submicron aerosols have been performed at the Eastern part of Mediterranean as part of an extensive measurement campaign to study photo-oxidants and aerosols (SUB-AERO Project). The measurements were made at the Finokalia station on the island of Crete (Greece) and onboard the research vessel ??Aegaeon??. Two campaigns were performed during July 2000 and January 2001 using two scanning mobility particle sizers. The particle distributions measured in the range between 7.8 < d _p < 327 nm during the summer measurements and between 7.5 < d _p < 316 nm during the winter measurements, where d _p is the mobility particle diameter. The concentration of ultrafine particles (7.5 < d _p < 30 nm) was higher during the winter period and varied mainly between 5 × 10¹ and 2 × 10³?cm^?3 with concentration peak values for this mode exceeding 1 × 10⁴?cm^?3. During the summer campaign, an average number concentration of 1 × 10²?cm^?3 at Finokalia and about 5 × 10¹?cm^?3 aboard the ??Aegaeon?? vessel was measured. An average concentration of 1 × 10³?cm^?3 was measured for the particles in the size range between 30 and 100 nm, whereas in the size range 100?C300 nm, the measured concentration ranged between 1 × 10² and 5 × 10³?cm^?3. Diurnal patterns in number concentrations were observed in connection with the transport of air masses and local sources. During the winter period, three nucleation events were observed in connection with the appearance of a particle mode at 20 nm.  相似文献   

Long-term effects of straw and farmyard manure on crop yields and soil properties     

Jan Lipavský  Jiri Zobač 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):369-379

The effect of cereal straw with added mineral N fertilization on crop yields, N uptake, total organic C content and hot water soluble C content in topsoil and on the relationships between organic C content in topsoil and organic matter balance was evaluated in a long-term field experiment established in 1966. The effect of straw plus mineral N fertilization was similar to the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) in the dry matter yields and also in the N uptake by plants. The effect of straw and mineral N fertilization on the organic C accumulation in soil was inferior to the effect of farmyard manure. Relationships between organic matter balance and total organic C content in the topsoil was positive and statistically significant. A favourable effect of mineral NPK fertilization on the C sequestration to soil was related to the effect of FYM fertilization.  相似文献   

Nitrogen fertilization does not affect micronutrient uptake in grain maize (Zea mays L.)     

Tomas Losak  Jaroslav Hlusek  Jiri Martinec  Jiri Jandak  Monika Szostkova  Radek Filipcik 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(6):543-550

Abstract

Due to continuous single nitrogen fertilization, we hypothesized a built-up deficiency of micronutrients in crops that would limit plant growth and crop quality. In 2-year field experiments using urea-N fertilized grain maize (Zea mays L.), hybrid KWS 2376 at 0, 120 and 240 kg N ha^?1 crop uptake of Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe was studied at DC 32, DC 61 and in the grain harvested. Micronutrient contents at DC 32 stage – 1st node (aboveground phytomass) and DC 61 – flowering (ear leaf) were all at levels indicative of adequate micronutrient supply to the crop. At both sampling occasions the Fe:Zn and Fe:Mn ratios were adequate implying that Fe did not inhibit the uptake of Zn and Mn. The application of nitrogen increased the Fe content at the 1st sampling in both years; in the second year the same was also the case for the Zn content. Nitrogen nutrition increased the contents of Mn and Fe at the 2nd sampling only in year 2; in the other treatments no changes were observed in the micronutrient contents. Micronutrient correlations in the grain were discovered between Zn and Mn contents and between Fe and Mn contents. In the second year the highest N-rate significantly increased the Fe and Zn content of the grain compared with the lower rates of nitrogen fertilization. Grain yields were not affected by the rate of nitrogen and ranged between 13.65 and 14.34 t ha^?1 (1st year) and between 13.68 and 14.18 t ha^?1 (2nd year). Nitrogen fertilization did not reduce the content of micronutrients in the plant or grain of maize. It is evident that the continuous single use of N fertilization so far has not resulted in a micronutrient deficiency of the plants limiting the nutrient density of the grain or reducing its quality.  相似文献   

Botanical pesticides and their human health safety on the example of Citrus sinensis essential oil and Oulema melanopus under laboratory conditions     

Lenka Zarubova  Miloslav Zouhar  Pavel Novy  Ondrej Douda  Jiri Skuhrovec 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):89-93

Biopesticides derived from plants have recently received increasing interest as an alternative to conventional chemicals suitable for integrated pest management and organic farming. In this study, Citrus sinensis (Osbeck) essential oil was tested for its potential for wheat protection against Oulema melanopus (L.). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-four compounds were identified in the oil among which d-limonene was a predominant component, followed by myrcene, α-pinene, linalool, sabinene, decanal, and other minor components. Direct contact toxicity assay showed the effectiveness of the essential oil against O. melanopus larvae causing the mortality of 85% during 48 hours. The persistence study revealed high dissipation rate of the oil from treated plants, whereas concentrations lower than 0.01 g/kg were detected by GC-MS 5 min after the application of the oil, suggesting its environmental and food safety. These results, together with previous literature reports reviewed in this study, indicate the great potential of the C. sinensis essential oil for future use in crop protection against insect pests.  相似文献   

Real-time controlled direct injection system for precision farming   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jiri Vondricka  Peter Schulze Lammers 《Precision Agriculture》2009,10(5):421-430

Real-time controlled pesticide application requires a fast reacting system, enabling continuous variation of pesticide type and concentration based on a control signal. Direct injection systems meet the requirements for such application; however there are significant differences in the response time and quality of single system designs. This article discusses the complex of problems in direct injection systems in connexion with real-time control and proposes optimisations of system parts in order to reduce the response time and improve the quality of the process. The system response time was reduced to 160 ms for 1% output concentration by optimization of the control process, injection assembly and mixing chamber design.  相似文献   

Type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA contributes to protection against porcine pleuropneumonia     

Sadilkova L  Nepereny J  Vrzal V  Sebo P  Osicka R 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):2

ABSTRACT: Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae accounts for serious economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. We examined here the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA as a single antigen vaccine against pleuropneumonia, or as a component of a multi-antigen preparation comprising five other recombinant antigens derived from key virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae (ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA, ApxIVA and TbpB). Immunization of pigs with recombinant ApfA alone induced high levels of specific serum antibodies and provided partial protection against challenge with the heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 strain. This protection was higher than that engendered by vaccination with rApxIVA or rTbpB alone and similar to that observed after immunization with the tri-antigen combination of rApxIA, rApxIIA and rApxIIIA. In addition, rApfA improved the vaccination potential of the penta-antigen mixture of rApxIA, rApxIIA, rApxIIIA, rApxIVA and rTbpB proteins, where the hexa-antigen vaccine containing rApfA conferred a high level of protection on pigs against the disease. Moreover, when rApfA was used for vaccination alone or in combination with other antigens, such immunization reduced the number of pigs colonized with the challenge strain. These results indicate that ApfA could be a valuable component of an efficient subunit vaccine for the prevention of porcine pleuropneumonia.  相似文献   

Determination of Postvaccinal Antibodies Against OspA B. afzelii, B. garinfi and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto Using Elisa Method     

Jiri Nepereny  Vladimir Vrzal  Josef Chumela 《农业科学与技术》2012,(4):465-472

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