浑善达克沙地黄柳再生沙障插穗指标1）     

刘冠志  刘果厚  刘哲荣  希吉日  姜莹  张瑞麟  刘利红 《东北林业大学学报》2015,(5)

采用野外实地扦插试验方法对浑善达克沙地2种立地类型（平缓沙地和风蚀坑）上黄柳（ Salix gorde-jve ii）再生沙障插穗个体的长度、栽植密度、采集时间和扦插时间与其成活率的关系进行了研究。结果显示：平缓沙地插穗长度为50 cm较为适宜,成活率可达84．41％,风蚀坑插穗长度为65 cm较为适宜,成活率达84．83％。2种立地类型下,栽植密度为10根· m－1时的成活效果较好,成活率分别为83．75％和75．25％。平缓沙地和风蚀坑扦插的冬贮条均较现采条的成活率高,成活率分别为91．25％和84．58％,即插穗在秋季采集较好。春季扦插较秋季扦插更有利于成活,平缓沙地上春季扦插的冬贮条与现采条的成活率为91．25％和83．75％,分别较秋季扦插的现采条的成活率高22．42％和14．92％。  相似文献   

Fertilizing ability of gametes at different post‐activation times and the sperm–oocyte ratio in the artificial reproduction of pikeperch Sander lucioperca          下载免费PDF全文

Jiri Kristan  Daniel Zarski  Miroslav Blecha  Tomas Policar  Oleksandr Malinovskyi  Azin Mohagheghi Samarin  Katarzyna Palinska‐Zarska  Joanna Nowosad  Slawomir Krejszeff  Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(4):1383-1388

The time period during which oocyte and spermatozoa retain their fertilizing ability after contacting with water was evaluated in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). In addition, success of in vitro fertilization was examined regarding to the sperm‐to‐oocyte ratio (SOR). In the first trial, oocytes were placed in Petri dishes containing 5 ml of the hatchery water, to which freshly collected and pooled sperm were added to each sample at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 s post oocyte activation. The oocytes retained their fertility for at least 30 s after contacting with water. The second trial tested the maximum time period during which spermatozoa retained fertilizability after contacting with water. Milt (50 μl) was collected from each male and added to 5 ml of water in Petri dishes. Thereafter, oocytes were added at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 75 s post‐sperm activation. Delays exceeding 10 s affected negatively the fertilization success. The third trial examined the optimum SOR; in which was found that 100 × 10³ spermatozoa per oocyte were the minimum ratio to ensure fertilization rates above 70%. Overall, the data clarified some biological interactions of gametes in the artificial propagation of pikeperch.  相似文献   

Stress responses of carp pond fish stock upon hunting activities of the great cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis L.)     

Jiri Kortan  Jana Blahova  Kamila Kruzikova  Zdenek Adamek 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(3):322-330

In addition to direct predation, cormorants can affect carp pond fish stock through disturbance and wounding of the fish. Fish stress response was evaluated by catch per unit effort (CPUE) using lift‐net sampling. A significantly higher (P<0.001) CPUE was recorded in the littoral region of ponds affected by cormorant visits (43.6 ± 39.6) in comparison with a control pond (CP) without their occurrence (0.9 ± 1.1). Stress indices, spleen somatic index (SSI) and Fulton's condition coefficient (FCC) were evaluated for fish subject to two stress factors, hunting cormorants (HC) and pond harvesting (PH), and compared with levels in fish from the CP. Both SSI and FCC decreased significantly (P<0.05) in PH and HC fish in comparison with the control group, while non‐significant differences were observed in both SSI and FCC indices among the HC and PH groups. Plasma biochemical indices (cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in the PH group as compared with the HC and CP groups. Concentrations in the HC and CP groups did not differ significantly. Total plasma protein levels were significantly higher (P<0.01) in HC fish compared with CP fish, but did not differ significantly from PH fish.  相似文献   

Recovery of acidified catchments in the extremely polluted Krusne hory Mountains,Czech Republic     

Jiri Cerny 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(2):589-594

Runoff and atmospheric chemistry in the Krusne hory Mts. have changed significantly from 1978 to 1994. Forest die-back related deforestation resulted in decreased dry deposition of SO₂ and changes in streamwater chemical composition. Atmospheric sulphur (S) deposition decreased from extremely high values of 66.6 kg S ha^?1 year^?1, in the early 1980s to 35.5 kg S ha^?1 year^?1 in 1994. Decreasing S input is reflected in decrease of streamwater sulphate (SO₄ ^2?) concentrations, which decreased from 1560 μeq l^?1 to 1164 μeq l^?1. Runoff export of S was 53 kg S ha^?1 year^?1 in 1993, S is not retained in the catchments. Nitrogen (N) budget indicates accumulation in the catchment, which is attributed to forest regrowth.  相似文献   

Study on Antioxidant Components in Rosé Wine Originating from the Wine Growing Region of Moravia,Czech Republic     

Mojmir Baron  Jiri Sochor  Lenka Tomaskova  Bozena Prusova  Michal Kumsta 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(4):253-262

The estimation of antioxidants in fruit, vegetables, beverages, and foodstuffs has been discussed in a great number of scientific studies, but until now, problems concerning the analysis of antioxidant components of rosé wine has not been adequately investigated. This paper presented results of a study on antioxidant components contained in some samples of rosé wine originating from the Moravian wine growing region. The experiments involved altogether 48 samples of rosé wine made of grapes of the varieties ‘Blaufränkisch’, ‘Blauer Portugieser’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Sankt Laurent’, and ‘Zweigeltrebe’. Grapes were harvested in 2013. Spectrophotometry was used to estimated antioxidant activity (53–73?mg?L^?1 GAE), content of total polyphenols (152–369?mg?L^?1), hydrocinnamic acid (52–148?mg?L^?1), flavonols (25–294?mg?L^?1) and anthocyanins (88–1754?mg?L^?1). The HPLC method was used for the detection of some important antioxidants, i.?e. catechin, epicatechin, malvidin-3-glucoside, cis- and trans-resveratrol, ferrulic acid, coumaric acid and caftaric acid. This study enabled to determine basic profiles of the most important antioxidant components of the most popular Moravian red grapevine varieties. The studied wines were analyzed from several different aspects, which is not standard.  相似文献   

Fruit and vegetable intake in the Czech child population     

Jakubikova M  Dofkova M  Ruprich J 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(6):1047-1054

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Phenotypic and Bioactive Diversity on Medlar Fruits (Mespilus germanica L.)     

Mustafa Akbulut  Sezai Ercisli  Tunde Jurikova  Jiri Mlcek  Sadiye Gozlekci 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(3):185-191

Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar, is a large shrub or small tree. The fruit has been cultivated since Roman times, and is unusual in being available in winter, and in being eaten when bletted.  In this study twelve medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) genotypes were harvested at commercial maturity stage (skin brownish, pulp white, fruit hard) from Rize provinces located eastern black sea region and were analyzed for their some important fruit phenotypic (fruit mass, shape index, fruit firmness, ostiole diameter and fruit flesh ratio) and bioactive characteristics (total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and phenolic compounds). A wide variation among genotypes on most of the searched parameters was found. Fruit mass and flesh ratio varied from 12.3 g (KRD-1) to 23.6 g (KRD-8) and 83.6?% (KRD-2) to 93.0?% (KRD-4) indicating high variability among genotypes. The total phenolic contents of twelve medlar genotypes varied from 157 to 227 mg gallic acid equivalent in 100 g fresh weight basis. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and p-coumaric acid were dominant in medlar fruits.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns and temporal changes of heavy metal distributions in river sediments in a region with multiple pollution sources   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zdenka Bednarova  Jan Kuta  Lukas Kohut  Jiri Machat  Jana Klanova  Ivan Holoubek  Jiri Jarkovsky  Ladislav Dusek  Klara Hilscherova 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(7):1257-1269

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal and regional variability of contamination by heavy metals (HMs) in river sediments using their enrichment factors (EFs) and benchmarking according to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The Zlin region in the Czech Republic (Morava and Drevnice River basins) represents a model area where several regionally specific ecological risk assessment studies have recently been conducted with a focus on organic pollution, eco-toxicity, geological, and geochemical characteristics.

Materials and methods

Four consecutive sediment sampling campaigns were undertaken in spring and autumn 2005–2006. Aqua-regia leachable content of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn in surface sediments from 14 sites was analyzed using ICP-MS, and Hg content was analyzed using AMA-254 analyzer. EFs were calculated to identify the human impact on pollution in the area. Comparisons to SGQs were conducted to identify the areas and HMs of greatest risk.

Results and discussion

Calculation of EFs contributed to the effective clustering of HMs. Median EFs of Co, Ni, and V ranged from 0.9 to 1.4 at all sites indicating concentrations very close to natural geological background levels. There was greater enrichment at locally polluted sites, the highest in the cases of Cd, Sb, Hg, and Cr. Widespread influence of diffuse HM sources (traffic, agriculture, and urban wastes) was apparent from elevated concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn at all sites. EF values also helped to identify the greatest temporal changes and shifts in HMs contamination between adjacent sites caused by 50-year recurrence interval floods in early spring 2006. The impact was most apparent in downstream sites; namely directly below the confluence of the two major rivers.

Conclusions

The overall contamination of HMs in the region was classified as low-to-moderate with significantly contaminated sub-areas. The study showed relatively stable spatial distributions of HMs, indicating potential sources of pollution. Cu was identified as the HM of greatest risk. The study emphasizes the necessity of considering both environmental circumstances and background HM occurrence to prevent misinterpretation of the pollution situation. The use of EFs which include grain size proxy normalization and HM background levels, along with the comparison of the detected concentrations to SQGs, proved an efficient way to identify hazardous contamination from anthropogenic sources.  相似文献   

Land use effects on carbon quality and soil biological properties in Eutric Cambisol     

Lubica Pospíšilová  Pavel Formanek  Jiri Kucerik  Tibor Liptaj  Tomas Losak  Anna Martensson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(7):661-669

Abstract

The choice of prospective type of farming requires knowledge about the specific relationships that exist between farm management practices and base environmental conditions. Nowadays the protection of soil organic carbon is one of the main tasks, because organic carbon in addition to soil fertility can act in elimination of soil contamination and carbon sequestration. Field experiments were focused on the effect of intensive farming without organic inputs versus grassland on organic carbon content. Organic carbon content (C_ox) and humic substance fractions (C-humic acids and fulvic acid fractions), hot water extractable carbon and selected microbial characteristics in Eutric Cambisol were monitored during the period 1999–2010. A priming effect of soil cultivation was detected immediately after tillage. Arable soil with ‘intensive’ crop sequences (exclusively cash crops, cereals, oil plants) and with an optimal level of chemical inputs (mineral fertilizers, pesticides), but without organic farmyard manure had lower content of all carbon forms compared with grassland. ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA) were applied to characterize humic acid (HA) structure and stability. More carbon, less oxygen and more aromatic compounds were detected in grassland HA. Slight differences were found in HA thermo-oxidative stability and degradability, which was probably caused by changes in elemental composition and structure. Even the land use had no significant effect on basic microbiological characteristics (basal respiration, microbial biomass and qCO₂); the physiology of the microbial community of grassland was altered by a higher ability to utilize L- and D-glutamic acid. The L/D ratio of glutamic acid mineralization indicated no occurrence of stress in soil for both types of farming. It has been demonstrated that although losses of carbon as a result of land-use conversions are generally more rapid, gains of carbon in grassland followed by changes in management practices can also occur.  相似文献   

不同基因型欧洲梨离体繁殖研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

李昌珠  Sedlak Jiri  Jan Blazek 《果树学报》2002,19(4):227-230

试验用12个基因型欧洲梨茎尖作外植体,以MS作基本培养基进行高体繁殖试验。结果表明,不同基因型外植体增殖和形态分化显著不同。其中Koporeka仅经过28d便获得了5.6倍的增殖。生根培养14d后,生根率达88.65%,每植株生根2.86条。Vila连续培养60d,仅有少量的外植体形成了愈伤组织,无芽和根分化。参试的12个基因型,只有5个类型可以进行规模离体繁殖。  相似文献