Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2     

King MC  Marks JH  Mandell JB;New York Breast Cancer Study Group 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5645):643-646

Risks of breast and ovarian cancer were determined for Ashkenazi Jewish women with inherited mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. We selected 1008 index cases, regardless of family history of cancer, and carried out molecular analysis across entire families. The lifetime risk of breast cancer among female mutation carriers was 82%, similar to risks in families with many cases. Risks appear to be increasing with time: Breast cancer risk by age 50 among mutation carriers born before 1940 was 24%, but among those born after 1940 it was 67%. Lifetime risks of ovarian cancer were 54% for BRCA1 and 23% for BRCA2 mutation carriers. Physical exercise and lack of obesity in adolescence were associated with significantly delayed breast cancer onset.  相似文献   

Four climate cycles of recurring deep and surface water destabilizations on the Iberian margin     

Martrat B  Grimalt JO  Shackleton NJ  de Abreu L  Hutterli MA  Stocker TF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):502-507

Centennial climate variability over the last ice age exhibits clear bipolar behavior. High-resolution analyses of marine sediment cores from the Iberian margin trace a number of associated changes simultaneously. Proxies of sea surface temperature and water mass distribution, as well as relative biomarker content, demonstrate that this typical north-south coupling was pervasive for the cold phases of climate during the past 420,000 years. Cold episodes after relatively warm and largely ice-free periods occurred when the predominance of deep water formation changed from northern to southern sources. These results reinforce the connection between rapid climate changes at Mediterranean latitudes and century-to-millennial variability in northern and southern polar regions.  相似文献   

Neutralising antibody responses in cattle and sheep following booster vaccination with two commercial inactivated bluetongue virus serotype 8 vaccines     

David J. Bartram  Lindsay Heasman  Carrie A. Batten  Christopher A.L. Oura  Joan Plana-Durn  Ho Ming Yuen  Andrew D.M. Wylie 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,188(2):193-196

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Fecal steroid analysis for evaluating ovarian function in the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis)     

Black PA  Trent AM  Bauman JE  Farnsworth RJ  Monfort SL 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):558-564

Seasonal reproductive-endocrine norms have not been described for the genus Tragelaphus, which consists of seven species of African antelope. Longitudinal patterns of progesterone metabolite excretion were assessed by radioimmunoassays in fecal samples collected noninvasively (three to seven samples per week) from greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, n = 4) and lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis, n = 4). Progesterone metabolite excretion patterns revealed seasonal estrous cycles in both species, and discrimination of pregnant versus nonpregnant females was achieved in lesser kudu. These data reveal the value of fecal progesterone metabolites for establishing reproductive-endocrine norms in both zoo-maintained and free-living antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus.  相似文献   

Cluster analysis applied to the exploratory analysis of commercial spanish olive oils by means of excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy     

Guimet F  Boqué R  Ferré J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(22):6673-6679

Olive oil fluorescence is related to oil composition. Here it is shown that the natural clustering of different types of commercial Spanish olive oils depends on their fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). Fifty-six commercial samples of olive oil (29 virgin olive oils, 20 pure olive oils, and 7 olive-pomace oils) were used. The clustering method was hierarchical agglomerative clustering using the Euclidean distance as a similarity measure and the average linkage. Two spectral ranges were considered (which either contained the fluorescence peak of the chlorophylls or did not), and various methods for preprocessing the fluorescence spectra were compared. The oils were clearly distinguished using the unfolded EEMs measured between lambda(ex) = 300-400 nm and lambda(em) = 400-600 nm. The optimal preprocessing was normalization of the unfolded spectra followed by column autoscaling. Also shown are the advantages of using second-order data (EEMs) instead of first-order data (a single fluorescence spectrum) for each sample.  相似文献   

Phytotoxic and fungitoxic activities of the essential oil of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves and its composition     

Kobaisy M  Tellez MR  Webber CL  Dayan FE  Schrader KK  Wedge DE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(8):3768-3771

The chemical composition of the essential oil of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) was examined by GC-MS. Fifty-eight components were characterized from H. cannabinus with (E)-phytol (28.16%), (Z)-phytol (8.02%), n-nonanal (5.70%), benzene acetaldehyde (4.39%), (E)-2-hexenal (3.10%), and 5-methylfurfural (3.00%) as the major constituents. The oil was phytotoxic to lettuce and bentgrass and had antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum accutatum but exhibited little or no algicidal activity.  相似文献   

Electron microscopical studies of the colonization of conidia of Cochliobolus sativus by soil microorganisms     

Joan N.F. Wong  K.M. Old 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1974,6(2):89-96

Conidia of Cochlioholus sativus were placed onto natural soil, incubated for periods up to 100 days, recovered and examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Lysis of conidia and their colonization by soil microorganisms were studied.  相似文献   

Natural emissions of oxidant precursors     

Joan H. Novak  Thomas E. Pierce 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,67(1-2):57-77

This paper provides an overview of the sources, the estimation methodology, and the relative amounts of natural hydrocarbon and NO_x emissions. The most recent estimate of natural nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions for the United States is 28 Tg yr^?1. This compares with 20 Tg yr^?1 for anthropogenic NMHC sources. The southeastern and southcentral portions of the United States account for approximately 43% of the annual U.S. natural NMHC estimate. These emissions exhibit strong diurnal and seasonal dependencies related to temperature, solar radiation, and active biomass. Forests are the primary vegetative source of hydrocarbons. The major sources of natural NO_X emissions in North America are biomass burning, lightning, and microbial activity in soil. We present a comparison of hourly gridded NO_X emissions from lightning, soil, and man-made sources for the northeastern United States. We also provide results from preliminary investigations of the sensitivity of O₃ predictions from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Oxidant Model to natural NMHC and nitric oxide emissions.  相似文献   

CAUDAL VENOUS RETURN THROUGH A LEFT AZYGOS VEIN IN A DOG     

Carl D.  Sammarco  BVSc  Joan  Regan  VMD  Cynthia R.  Ward  VMD  PhD  James D.  Buchanan  DVM  M Med Sci 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):517-518

The Clinical, radiologic and echocardiographic findings in a one-year old dog with mild subvalvular aortic stenosis and aberrant caudal vena circulation are described. Aberrant systemic venous return to the right side of the heart usually has little clinical significance, but the unusual features in survey radiographs, contrast angiograms and contrast echocardiograms constitute the reasons for this report.  相似文献   

COLOR DOPPLER AND DOPPLER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN THE SPINAL CORD OF NORMAL DOGS     

Judith A.  Hudson  DVM  PhD  Susan T.  Finn-Bodner  DVM  MS  Joan R.  Coates  DVM  Donald C.  Sorjonen  DVM  MS  Stephen T.  Simpson  DVM  MS  James C.  Wright  DVM  PhD  Jan E.  Steiss  DVM  PhD  Nancy R.  Cox  DVM  PhD  Dana M.  Vaughn  DVM  PhD  Starr C.  Miller  BS  Scott A.  Brown  DVM  PhD  Phillip D.  Garrett  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):542-547

Doppler ultrasonography of the spinal cord was performed in 34 normal, anesthetized dogs following hemilaminectomy. This study was part of an investigation to evaluate the efficacy of a 21-aminosteroid compound and high dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of spinal cord trauma. Grey-scale images of the canine spinal cord were similar to those described for the spinal cord of people. Doppler waveforms of intraparenchymal spinal arteries exhibited high end diastolic blood flow velocities, indicating low resistance to flow. Doppler values (mean ± SD) for arteries immediately ventrolateral to the central canal were: Peak Systolic Velocity = 5.78 ± 2.5 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Systolic/Diastolic ratio = 169 ± 0.19, Pulsatility Index = 0.53 ± 0.09, and Resistance Index = 0.4 ± 0.06.  相似文献