Genotype by environment interaction effects on fibre components in potato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.)     

Stephanie Bach  Rickey Y. Yada  Benoit Bizimungu  J. Alan Sullivan 《Euphytica》2012,187(1):77-86

Increasing awareness of heart health and disease prevention has led consumers to more proactive grocery food choices. Fibre and its associated health benefits remains an important area of research given the current interest in food, nutrition, and health. To position the potato as a good source of fibre, breeding efforts have focused on developing cultivars and germplasm with high fibre content. The current study examined eight elite potato clones and four commercial cultivars (checks) across six environments (three locations over two years) for their total dietary fibre (TDF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and soluble fibre (SF) content. Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and stability analysis were conducted with SAS and GGE Biplot software. Significant genotypic (G), environmental (E) and GEI effects were found. The six environments differed in temperature and moisture levels, which were linked to levels of NDF and TDF. Some genotypes had high levels of stability for fibre content. GGE biplot analysis found no significant mega-environments for fibre components. Two elite clones (CV96044-3 and F05081) were identified as high fibre sources (13.3 and 14.4 %, respectively) compared to the other elite clones and commercial cultivars (e.g., Russet Burbank: 11.7 %). These lines may also be suitable as parents with high fibre and stability to breed into backgrounds with other desirable qualities.  相似文献   

Long-term treatment with standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates cognitive deficits and hippocampal neuron loss in a gerbil model of vascular dementia     

Rocher MN  Carré D  Spinnewyn B  Schulz J  Delaflotte S  Pignol B  Chabrier PE  Auguet M 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(7):1075-1080

The standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb 761 has been used to reduce cognitive dysfunction. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of postischemic oral treatment with EGb 761 in a model of vascular dementia in gerbils. Daily oral posttreatment with EGb 761 led to a significant recovery of spatial memory assessed by the object location test, inhibited the decrease in plasma SOD activity and protected the hippocampal CA1 neurons, even when administered after the insult. These data provide further evidence for the therapeutic potential of EGb 761 in the treatment of vascular dementia.  相似文献   

Place de l'immunostimulation dans la therapeutique anti-infectieuseTherapeutic use of immunostimulants against infections     

P. Lesaver  J. F. Bach 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1980,3(4):391-406

An increasing number of substances is capable of potentiating immune responses. These can be grouped into several categories: bacterial products, leucocyte extracts (transfer factor, interferon) thymic hormones and synthetic drugs (levamisole). Their therapeutic use against infections is still uncommon for several reasons. First, the immunostimulants, particularly the bacterial extracts have many toxic side-effects. Second, most of them have not been obtained under pure and chemically-characterized form. Third the mechanisms of immunostimulation are not completely understood and depending on the route and the timing of injection, the immunostimulants can exhibit suppressive activities. For these reasons a larger use of immunostimulant substances requires purified or synthetic materials, careful experimental and clinical analysis of their effects and rigorous indications. These conditions are already fulfilled for some immunostimulants especially in immunodeficient virus-infected patients.  相似文献   

Effects of carbohydrates from citrus pulp and hominy feed on microbial fermentation in continuous culture.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P Ariza  A Bach  M D Stern  M B Hall 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(10):2713-2718

Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters were used to evaluate the effect of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates (NDSC) on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms. Citrus pulp and hominy feed were added to a basal diet as sources of NDSC, with citrus pulp providing neutral detergent-soluble fiber (NDSF) in the form of pectic substances and with hominy feed in the form of starch. The basal diet contained 26.7% corn silage, 6.0% alfalfa hay and 3.8% cottonseed hulls on a DM basis. The dried citrus pulp diet contained on a DM basis 17.2% CP, 34.7% NDF, 33.7% NDSC, and 14.4% NDSF, whereas the hominy feed diet contained 17.9% CP, 33.2% NDF, 35.9% NDSC, and 8.8% NDSF. Organic matter, DM, and NDF and ADF digestion were not affected by source of carbohydrate. Ammonia N concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for the hominy feed diet (14.2 mg/100 mL) than for the dried citrus pulp diet (9.3 mg/100 mL). Total N, nonammonia N, microbial N, and dietary N flows were not affected by treatments; however, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was greater (P = 0.055) for the dried citrus pulp diet than for the hominy feed diet (30.6 vs 27.8 g of bacterial N/kg of OM truly digested). Results from this experiment indicate that NDSF from citrus pulp can provide similar sources of energy compared with starch from hominy feed to support ruminal microbial growth.  相似文献   

Clinical pharmacokinetics and outcomes of oral fluconazole therapy in dogs and cats with naturally occurring fungal disease     

Kate KuKanich  Butch KuKanich  Zhoumeng Lin  Amy J. Rankin  Andrew S. Hanzlicek  Jean-Sebastien Palerme  Jonathan Bach  Audrey K. Cook  Amy Juracek  Hyun Joo 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):547-556

This multi-institutional study was designed to determine the clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole and outcomes in client-owned dogs (n = 37) and cats (n = 35) with fungal disease. Fluconazole serum concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic analysis was limited to animals at steady state (≥72 hr of treatment). The mean (range) body weight in 31 dogs was 25.6 (2.8–58.2) kg and in 31 cats was 3.9 (2.4–6.1) kg included in pharmacokinetic analyses. The dose, average steady-state serum concentrations (C_SS), and oral clearance in dogs were 14.2 (4.5–21.3) mg/kg/d, 26.8 (3.8–61.5) µg/mL, and 0.63 ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, respectively, and in cats were 18.6 (8.2–40.0) mg/kg/d, 32.1 (1.9–103.5) µg/mL, and 0.61 ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, respectively. Random inter-animal pharmacokinetic variability was high in both species. Two dogs had near twofold increases in serum fluconazole when generic formulations were changed, suggesting lack of bioequivalence. Median C_SS for dogs and cats achieving clinical remission was 19.4 and 35.8 µg/ml, respectively. Starting oral doses of 10 mg/kg q12h in dogs and 50–100 mg total daily dose in cats are recommended to achieve median C_SS associated with clinical remission. Due to the large pharmacokinetic variability, individualized dose adjustments based on C_SS (therapeutic drug monitoring) and treatment failure should be considered.  相似文献   

Relationship between the metabolite profile and technological properties of bovine milk from two dairy breeds elucidated by NMR-based metabolomics     

Sundekilde UK  Frederiksen PD  Clausen MR  Larsen LB  Bertram HC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7360-7367

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the metabolite profile of milk and important technological properties by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. The metabolomics approach was introduced for the metabolic profiling of a set of milk samples from two dairy breeds representing a wide span in coagulation properties. The milk metabolite profiles obtained by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy could be correlated to breed and, more interestingly, also with the coagulation profile, as established by traditional methods by using principal component analysis (PCA). The metabolites responsible for the separation into breed could mainly be ascribed to carnitine and lactose, whereas the metabolites varying in the samples with respect to coagulation properties included citrate, choline, carnitine, and lactose. The results found in the present study demonstrated a promising potential of NMR-based metabolomics for a rapid analysis and classification of milk samples, both of which are useful for the dairy industry.  相似文献   

Specificity of antigen recognition by human lymphocytes in vitro   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

D C Zoschke  F H Bach 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,170(965):1404-1406

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in vivo are exquisitely specific, in terms of both a lack of response after induction of tolerance and a response after sensitization. These studies in vitro demonstrate that this specificity, at least at the level of antigen recognition, is probably derived from different populations of cells, each responding to different antigens.  相似文献   

Cytotoxicity: specificity after in vitro sensitization   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

S Solliday  F H Bach 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,170(965):1406-1409

Animals sensitized in vivo against an allogeneic tissue subsequently show accelerated rejection specificially of that or antigenically similar tissues. Lymphocytes sensitized in vitro will destroy target cells isogeneic with the sensitizing cells. Lymphocytes sensitized in vitro can differentiate specifically between different allogeneic target cells-as occurs in vivo.  相似文献   

Leukemia-associated antigens in the mixed leukocyte culture test     

Bach ML  Bach FH  Joo P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,166(3912):1520-1522

Patients with acute leukemia (blast cells in the peripheral blood) manifest antigens in the one-way mixed leukocyte culture test. Leukocytes from normal patients and leukocytes of patients in remission do not clearly show these antigens. These antigens could be leukemia-associated antigens in man.  相似文献   

Acid phosphatase activity in bean and cowpea plants grown under phosphorus stress     

Denny S. Fernandez  Jocelyne Ascencio 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2-3):229-241

The relationship between acid phosphatase activity (APA) and phosphorus (P) stress in two bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris var Tacarigua and var Manuare) and in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata var TUY) are reported in this paper. Sand culture experiments were performed in a highly ventilated greenhouse where plants were drip feed with nutrient solutions with either 1.0 or 0.02 mM P. Acid phosphatase activity was determined in extracts from roots, young (apical) and mature leaves, and in leaf discs and root sections using o‐carboxyphenyl phosphate as substrate. Differences in total dry matter were found to be significant (P = 0.01) only for cowpea. However, reduction in leaf area was significant in both species and varieties. Differences in the P concentration in the dry matter, were large enough to suspect that plants were suffering from a mild P stress. Acid phosphatase activity was above the values reported for these species under P stress, however, APA in these legumes appears not to be inducible by the low P‐concentration level used in this study. A higher APA was found in young as compared to mature leaves, and the expression of APA also showed intraspecific variation. Acid phosphatase activity was related to the age of the leaves and was easily measured in leaf discs, specially for bean. This and the ratio of P concentration between young and mature leaves may be an alternative to absolute P‐status determination in plants.  相似文献