Solar UV measurements with Robertson–Berger type instruments: influence of the detector’s internal humidity status     

Martin Huber  Mario Blumthaler  Josef Schreder   《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2003,120(1-4):39

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Drug resistance and biochemical characteristics of Salmonella from turkeys.          下载免费PDF全文

C Poppe  J J Kolar  W H Demczuk    J E Harris 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1995,59(4):241-248

A study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance and biochemical characteristics of 2690 Salmonella strains belonging to 52 serovars and isolated from environmental and feed samples from 270 turkey flocks in Canada. Resistance of the Salmonella strains to the aminoglycoside antibiotics varied widely; none of the strains were resistant to amikacin, 14.2% were resistant to neomycin, 25.8% were resistant to gentamicin, and 27.7% of the strains were resistant to kanamycin. Most strains (97.6%) were resistant to the aminocyclitol, spectinomycin. Regarding resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics, 14.3% and 14.4% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, respectively, whereas only 5 (0.2%) of the strains were resistant to cephalothin. None of the strains were resistant to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin or to polymyxin B. Resistance to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin was found in 2.4% and 7% of the strains, respectively. Only 1.7% of the strains were resistant to the trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole combination, whereas 58.1% were resistant to sulfisoxazole. Thirty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. Salmonella serovars differed markedly in their drug resistance profiles. Biochemical characterization of the Salmonella showed that the S. anatum, S. saintpaul and S. reading serovars could be divided into distinct biotypes.  相似文献   

Occurrence and characterization of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins mediated by β-lactamase CMY-2 in Salmonella isolated from food-producing animals in Canada          下载免费PDF全文

Kevin J. Allen  Cornelius Poppe 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(3):137-144

Resistance of Salmonella to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) is being reported with increasing frequency. In humans, infections with Salmonella resistant to ESCs threaten the efficacy of ceftriaxone, the drug of choice for treating salmonellosis in children. To determine the occurrence of resistance to ESCs, we examined 8426 strains isolated from food-producing animals in Canada in 1994–99 for reduced susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone. Of the 8 such strains identified (7 from turkeys and 1 from cattle), 5 had reduced susceptibility, and 3 were resistant; 2 were isolated in 1995, 1 was isolated in each of 1996 and 1997, and 4 were isolated in 1999. Isoelectric focusing showed that all 8 isolates produced a β-lactamase with a pI ≥ 9. The strains were resistant to cefoxitin and not inhibited by clavulanic acid. Primers specific for the Citrobacter freundii bla_AmpC gene produced the expected product in the polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequencing showed that all isolates possessed the bla_CMY-2 gene. Plasmid DNA from all 8 isolates transformed Escherichia coli DH10B, whereas only 1 isolate transferred bla_CMY-2 conjugally. All transformants and the transconjugant were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Southern blots of plasmids from the isolates, the transformants, and the transconjugant showed that bla_CMY-2 was located on similar-sized plasmids (60 or 90 MDa) in the transformants and the transconjugant. In the S. Typhimurium DT104 and S. Ohio isolates, the flo_St gene was found on the same plasmid. Class 1 integrons with the aadB gene cassette were detected in the S. Bredeney isolates but not in their transformants or the transconjugant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid profiles indicated that both clonal dispersion and horizontal transfer of bla_CMY-2 may have caused dissemination of the resistance determinant.  相似文献   

Effect of native crude fiber on the digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in pigs     

H Meier  U Kesting  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1981,31(3):187-193

In experiments with fattening pigs peas and lupines were used, both pealed and unpealed, in order to investigate the influence of native crude fibres on the true digestibility of nitrogen and the amino acids in pigs. The results of the experiments allow the conclusion that native crude fibres, as long as they remain in the normal range between 3 and 7% in the ration does not cause a depression in the true digestibility of nitrogen and the amino acids in the feeding of fattening pigs. Only the increased content of native crude fibres in the ration has a negative effect on true digestibility.  相似文献   

Fenbendazole. I. Structure-activity relationships     

Heinz Loewe  Josef Urbanietz 《Pest management science》1977,8(5):544-549

Substitution of alkyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamates by phenoxy- or phenylthio-groups in the 5-position results in an increase in anthelmintic activity. The biological spectrum is altered by substitution of the phenyl ring. A sulphonic ester substituent in the 5-position of the benzimidazole nucleus also increases anthelmintic activity.  相似文献   

Energy and protein concentration of broiler rations in Cuba. 4. Female broilers in the summer     

M Valdivie  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1987,37(6):521-531

A total of 1,900 female broilers of the variety White Plymouth Rock was tested with 4 energy concentrations (10.5, 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6 MJ metabolizable energy/kg feed) and 4 protein concentrations (15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5% CP) in their first 56 days of life in 16 test groups. The animals were kept in cages and were directly exposed to the natural Cuban summer temperatures from their 15th day of life onwards. As every test group was run with 6 repetitions, the results could be variance analytically calculated. In a comparison of male and female broilers in summer one can state that the female animals achieved a lower intake of feed, energy and crude protein as well as a lower live weight than the male animals. In winter the female broilers consumed between 15.7 and 36.4% more feed and achieved a live weight gain between 11.1 and 43% higher than in summer. It could be shown that the maximum live weight of the female broilers could be achieved in summer if rations containing 12.6 MJ metabolizable energy and 20% CP are fed in a one-phase feeding system.  相似文献   

Protein and amino acid metabolism in the digestive tract of growing bulls. 6. Apparent digestibility of the amino acids entering the duodenum and of amino acid from feed     

M Gabel  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1986,36(6):557-569

After studies with young bulls provided with duodenal cannulas the apparent digestibility (AD) of the individual amino acids getting into the duodenum (AAD) was ascertained on the basis of 28 different rations. The AD of the AAD is defined as follows: AAD--AAfaeces/AAD X 100. The results thus obtained show a relative constancy, only insignificantly impaired by the consideration of the dependence of the AD of the AAD on the AA concentration in the ration. The average value for the AD of the sigma AAD was 72.5 +/- 4.9%. The dependence of the AD of the sigma AAD on the sigma AA concentration in the ration is: y = 67.8 + 0.51x +/- 4.6; r = 0.355x. In addition, the relation between AD AAD and AD AAfeed protein' each in % of AA intake and AA concentration in the ration, was studied and reported on.  相似文献   

Amino acid requirements of fattening pigs (castrated boars), 1. Effect of varying amino acid and energy consumption on feed efficiency in fattening     

W Wiesemüller  S Poppe  G Sieg 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1974,24(5):397-406

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Lysine requirement of fattening boars with reference to their performance. 4. Selected quantitative characteristics of the carcass and derivation of the lysine requirement     

G Michelchen  S Poppe  W Hackl  W Wiesmüller  E Otto 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1981,31(7-8):513-518

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Growth studies of SMR bulls under different feeding conditions. 4. Nutrient and energy retention in the body     

B Pieper  M Gabel  S Poppe  H J Papstein  F Grosse 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1984,34(10):715-730

In long-term feeding experiments with bulls of the species Holstein-Friesians, the relation between live weight development and nutrient and energy retention was investigated on a high, medium and low level of feeding intensity. For this purpose a total of 206 animals was butchered at the ages 0, 4, 9, 12, 15, 16.5 and 18 months and the complete bodies were analysed. This showed that fat retention was considerably more influenced by the feeding intensity than protein retention. On the basis of the same body weight the energy content per kg live weight gain is not constant but increases with the growing feeding intensity.  相似文献