Influence of mycotoxin producing fungi (Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium) on gluten proteins during suboptimal storage of wheat after harvest and competitive interactions between field and storage fungi     

Prange A  Modrow H  Hormes J  Krämer J  Köhler P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6930-6938

Cereals contaminated by Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. and their mycotoxins, for example, ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON), are not only a risk to human and animal health but can also show poor technological properties and baking quality. The influence of these genera on the sulfur speciation of low molecular weight (LMW) subunits of glutenin was characterized by investigating suboptimally stored wheat samples in situ by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and baking tests. Field fungi of the genus Fusarium have hardly any influence on both the sulfur speciation of wheat gluten proteins and the baking properties, whereas storage fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium have a direct influence. An increased amount of sulfur in sulfonic acid state was found, which is not available for thiol/disulfide exchange reactions in the gluten network, and thus leads to a considerably reduced baking volume. From changes of the composition of the mould flora during suboptimal storage of wheat and from the mycotoxin contents, it can be concluded that microbial competitive interactions play an important role in the development of the mould flora and the mycotoxin concentrations during (suboptimal) storage of wheat.  相似文献   

Cägliche Durchmesserschwankungen der Zweige     

Friedrich  Josef 《European Journal of Forest Research》1899,21(2):95-100

European Journal of Forest Research -  相似文献   

The energy requirements of Holstein-Friesian heifers during rearing and pregnancy under the tropical conditions of Cuba. 2. Generalization of the results and derivation of the energy requirements     

L Zarragoitia  M Gabel  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1990,40(4):375-384

Experimental results of an individual feeding experiment with 48 Holstein-Frisian heifers were generalized with regard to live weight development and energy intake by means of the Janoschek function and the extended e-function resp. The requirement of metabolizable energy was derived from the results of energy intake on dependance on live weight and live weight gain. In comparison with the data of the NRC (1978) a requirement by 10% lower was the result. Due to adding a 10% deficiency supplement at present required under Cuban conditions of production the use of the NRC recommendations (1978) is still justified. Without the addition of the deficiency supplement the results showed good agreement with requirement data of INRA 1978.  相似文献   

Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella in laying hens and eggs from flocks with Salmonella in their environment.   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

C Poppe  R P Johnson  C M Forsberg    R J Irwin 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1992,56(3):226-232

Seven Canadian layer flocks with Salmonella enteritidis in their environment were investigated to determine the numbers of hens infected with S. enteritidis, the localization of S. enteritidis in organs of infected hens and the numbers of S. enteritidis-infected eggs produced by two affected flocks. By a microagglutination test (MAT) using S. pullorum antigens, these flocks had more seropositive hens (mean 51.9 +/- 16.9%) than two Salmonella-free flocks (mean 13.0 +/- 4.2%). Culture of tissues of 580 hens (433 seropositive) from the seven flocks detected 26 (4.5%) S. enteritidis-infected hens from two flocks. In one flock, 2/150 hens were infected with S. enteritidis phage type (PT) 8, which was confined to the ceca, and no Salmonella spp. were isolated from 2520 eggs (one day's lay). In the second flock, where 24/150 hens were infected with S. enteritidis PT13, extraintestinal infection was found in nine hens and involved the ovaries and/or oviduct in two hens. Salmonella enteritidis PT13 was isolated from one sample of egg contents and from one sample of cracked shells from among 14,040 eggs (one day's lay) from this flock. The overall prevalence of S. enteritidis-contaminated eggs from the two flocks with infected hens was less than 0.06%. Other Salmonella spp. isolated were S. heidelberg from 58 hens (10%), and S. hadar, S. mbandaka and S. typhimurium from one hen (0.2%) each. The MAT with antigens of S. pullorum had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 24% for detecting S. enteritidis-infected hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Cattle stunning with a penetrative captive bolt device: A review     

Josef Kamenik  Vaclav Paral  Martin Pyszko  Eva Voslarova 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(3):307-316

The captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this review article was to assess the effects that are decisive during cattle slaughter on the quality of stunning with the use of a captive bolt stunning device. The basis of effective stunning is the use of a suitable type of device, with the speed of the bolt and the kinetic energy corresponding to the anatomical parameters of the slaughtered animal. The importance of the regular cleaning and maintenance of stunning devices and monitoring of the effectiveness of stunning goes without saying. The immediate loss of sensibility in the animal must occur after the first shot. The effectiveness of the stunning process can be quantified by regular monitoring of the behavior of animals after stunning with an emphasis on the loss of reflexes (corneal reflex, regular breathing, attempts to regain physiological posture) and checks on the shot location on the skulls of slaughtered animals.  相似文献   

The interaction of folpet with the glutathione-dependent demethylation enzyme system of rat liver     

Jiří Davídek  Josef Seifert 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(6):552-556

The interaction of folpet with the glutathione-dependent enzyme demethylation of fenitrothion was studied. In a reaction catalyzed by methyltransferase from rat liver in the presence of 0.3 μmol of glutathione, 0.21 μmol of folpet caused a 100% inhibition of the demethylation of 0.2 μmol of fenitrothion. A parallel study was made on the qualitative and quantitative course of the reaction between folpet and glutathione. Phthalimide was formed as the main degradation product of folpet, but the composition of the degradation products of glutathione was dependent on the molar ratio of the reactants. Compounds absorbing at 267 nm (probably derivatives of 2-thiazolidinethiones) were formed when the ratio of glutathione to folpet was 4.5:1. When this ratio was reversed, oxidized glutathione was the main product. From observations on the course of the enzymatic demethylation of fenitrothion and on the degradation of folpet by glutathione, it appears that in the enzyme demethylation system, the reaction between fungicide and glutathione predominates.  相似文献   

Epidemiological associations between characteristics of registered broiler chicken flocks in Canada and the Salmonella culture status of floor litter and drinking water          下载免费PDF全文

Renwick SA  Irwin RJ  Clarke RC  McNab WB  Poppe C  McEwen SA 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1992,33(7):449-458

A Canada-wide flock management survey of 294 randomly selected commercial broiler chicken flocks was conducted during 1989-1990. The prevalence of flocks that yielded Salmonella from cultures of floor litter or drinking water, and the prevalence of floor litter samples that yielded Salmonella, were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the age of the flock and the region of Canda in which the flock was located. Culture of Salmonella from the drinking water was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the type of drinker used, the dead bird disposal method, and the region of Canada in which the flock was located. There was a significantly greater risk (p < 0.05) of contamination of drinking water with Salmonella from trough drinkers (odds ratio = 7.99) and plastic bell drinkers (odds ratio = 6.10) than from nipple drinkers. No significant associations were found between pest control, restrictions on visitors, clean-out methods, or water sanitization and the culture of salmonellae from floor litter or drinking water.  相似文献   

Effect of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on rumen fermentation and metabolic profile of dairy cows in early lactation     

Dana Kumprechtov  Josef Illek  Christine Julien  Petr Homolka  Filip Jan ík  Eric Auclair 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):447-455

The study evaluated dietary supplementation with live yeast (LY) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I‐4407, 10¹⁰ CFU/g, Actisaf; Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, France) on rumen fermentation and serum metabolic profile in lactating dairy cows. Fifty Holstein cows received a total mixed ration with (Live Yeast Diet, LYD, n = 25) or without (Control Diet, CD, n = 25) 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/cow/day of LY from 3 to 19 weeks of lactation. Rumen fermentation and serum metabolic profile were measured in eight cows per treatment at 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 weeks post‐partum. LYD showed an increased daily milk yield (+4%) over CD (p < 0.05). Mean rumen pH at 4 hr after morning meal was higher in LYD (6.59) than CD (6.32) (p < 0.01). Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate molar proportion were higher in LYD (114.24 mM; 25.04%) than CD (106.47 mM; 24.73%) (p < 0.05). Propionate and butyrate molar proportions, acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia levels did not differ between LYD and CD. Ruminal lactate was lower in LYD than CD (9.3 vs. 16.4 mM) (p < 0.001), with a 53% decrease in LYD. During peak lactation, LYD had lower serum NEFA (p < 0.05, 0.40 vs. 0.48 mM) and BHBA (p < 0.01, 0.47 vs. 0.58 mM) than CD, lower liver enzyme activities (AST 1.39 vs. 1.54 ukat/L) (p < 0.05). Serum glucose was higher in LYD at peak lactation (3.22 vs. 3.12 mM, and 3.32 vs. 3.16 mM respectively) (p < 0.05). The results confirmed a reducing effect of LY on lactate accumulation in rumen fluid, associated with an increase in rumen pH. Lower serum levels of lipomobilization markers, liver enzyme activities and higher glucose levels may suggest that live yeast slightly mitigated negative energy balance and had a certain liver protective effect.  相似文献   

Amino-acid requirements of mast swine boars. 5. Effect of amino-acid nutrition on protein retention     

W Wiesemüller  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1974,24(7-8):535-542

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On the origin of phenolic compounds in the wood rays of Abies alba     

Narayan Parameswaran  Josef Bauch 《Wood Science and Technology》1975,9(3):165-173

Summary The development and localization of phenolic compounds in sapwood and heartwood of Abies alba Mill. have been studied using cytological and UV-microspectrophotometric methods. The synthesis of phenolic substances was apparently initiated in vesicles developing from rough ER of the ray parenchyma cells in sapwood. They are different from the phenolic material in the pit membrane and cell wall of heartwood. There was no indication to suggest that the polyphenols in the cell wall of heartwood were either derived from or identical with the phenolic substances in the lumina of ray cells.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. von Pechmann on the occasion of his 70th birthdayWe are thankful to Professor Dr. Walter Liese for his support and to Mrs. R. Schultze and Miss R. Endeward for technical assistance.  相似文献