Encrusting cystitis in a cat secondary to Corynebacterium urealyticum infection     

Briscoe KA  Barrs VR  Lindsay S  Hoffmann KL  Cockwill KR  Muscatello G  Beatty JA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(12):972-977

An 18-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of haematuria and lethargy. The cat had sustained a traumatic T3-L3 lesion 5 years prior resulting in upper motor neuron incontinence. On further investigation the cat was found to be hyperkalaemic, hypothermic and dehydrated. Ultrasonography of the bladder revealed a markedly hypoechoic, thickened bladder wall with an irregular, hyperechoic mucosal layer. The patient responded to symptomatic and supportive care and was discharged. Despite initial improvement, the patient returned 10 days after discharge with recurrence of haematuria and lethargy. Ultrasound-guided aspiration and culture of the material on the mucosal surface of the bladder confirmed diagnosis of UTI caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum. On post-mortem examination, gross and histopathological features were consistent with encrusting cystitis. This is the first case report of encrusting cystitis in a cat. C urealyticum, an uncommon urinary tract pathogen in small animals, should be considered in patients with predisposing conditions.  相似文献   

Stability of landscape trees in engineered and conventional urban soil mixes     

Julia Bartens  P. Eric Wiseman  E. Thomas Smiley   《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2010,9(4):333-338

Urban trees are frequently exposed to unsuitable soil conditions that can hamper root system development, potentially affecting both tree health and stability. Engineered soil designs have been developed to increase soil volume for trees planted in confined spaces, and past research has shown that these designs improve growing conditions. However, tree stability in these engineered soils has received limited attention from researchers. In this study, we evaluated the stability of two tree species of contrasting soil quality tolerance (Prunus serrulata and Ulmus parvifolia) after 3 years growth in two skeletal soil mixes, in a suspended pavement design (uncompacted soil), and in a conventionally prepared soil pit. Tree stability was evaluated by measuring trunk resistance to a lateral deflecting force applied with a rope winch system under both ambient and near-saturated soil conditions. Although heavily irrigating the experimental soils had no effect on tree stability, species-specific responses to soil mixes were observed. P. serrulata grown in the gravel-based skeletal soil showed greater trunk deflection resistance than trees grown in the other soil treatments, yet the stability of U. parvifolia was unaffected by soil type. These species-specific responses were consistent with earlier observations of root development in which P. serrulata grew up to 60 times greater root length in gravel-based skeletal soil whereas U. parvifolia root growth was similar in all soil treatments. This research provides evidence that certain tree species planted in conventional tree pits may be more prone to uprooting due to poor root development and that root anchorage might be improved for these species by utilizing a skeletal soil mix.  相似文献   

Restoration and Rehabilitation of Mixed Espinales in Central Chile: 10-Year Report and Appraisal     

Carlos Ovalle  James Aronson  Alejandro Del Pozo  Julia Avendan 《Arid Land Research and Management》2013,27(4):369-381

A synthesis of progress achieved thus far is provided for a 10 - year research and development program aimed at the ecological and economic rehabilitation of agroecosystems in the unirrigated portions of the central valley of Chile's Mediterranean climate region. We review our data on (1) revised management techniques aimed at restoring the gross superstructure and former levels of diversity and productivity of a mixed espinales formation; (2) selection and utilization of ecotypes of the naturalized annual Medicago polymorpha L. and the N2-fixing microsymbiont Rhizobium meliloti, for gradual improvement of espinal soil fertility; and (3) studies of the outstandingly well adapted and fast growing Canary Island tree Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. fil.) Link ssp. palmensis (Christ) Kunkel (Tagasaste), which along with about three dozen other woody nitrogen - fixing legume and several nonlegume multipurpose trees, was considered to be of potential value for deep soil layer rehabilitation combined with economic improvements. In all these subprograms, efforts were made to identify techniques or organisms that could provide short-term benefits to landowners, especially in the form of wood, fuelwood, or forage for livestock. We also consider various approaches to be added to the program over the next decade, especially in view of the overarching goal of reintegrating fragmented landscapes and combining restoration with rehabilitation and reallocation at this spatial scale.  相似文献   

Osnabrücker Ehrenmedaille 2012 geht an Dipl.-Ing. Jens Stechmann     

Julia Ludger MA 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2013,55(1):25-25

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Effects of field and landscape variables on crop colonization and biological control of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum     

Céline Josso  Anne Le Ralec  Lucie Raymond  Julia Saulais  Jacques Baudry  Denis Poinsot  Anne Marie Cortesero 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(9):1697-1715

Agriculture intensification has deeply modified agroecosystems from field to landscape scales. To achieve successful pest control using natural enemies, understanding species interactions over all scales remains a challenge. Using the cabbage root fly as a model, we studied whether field and landscape characteristics influenced colonization and infestation of broccoli fields by the pest and its control by natural enemies. We also determined whether species of different trophic level or host specialization would respond to environmental characteristics at the same spatial extent. During a multiple-species and multiple-spatial extent study in northwestern France, we recorded pest colonization and infestation in 68 fields, collected associated natural enemies and assessed crop damages. In each field, we considered management practices and characterized the surrounding landscape in 50–500 m-wide buffers. Our main findings are that Delia radicum and its main natural enemies respond to both field and landscape characteristics. Semi-natural areas supported both crop colonization by pests and natural enemy action. The pest and its enemies differed in their responses to field or landscape variables. Landscape elements such as field banks favored the movement of the pest while impeding the movement of some natural enemies. Pest pressure did not increase with the neighboring density of Brassica crops. The presence of natural enemies did not reduce crop damage but reduced pest emerging rates. Finally, specialist parasitoids responded to the landscape at larger spatial extents than generalists. These results outline the complexity of improving pest control through landscape management.  相似文献   

Demographic network and multi-season occupancy modeling of Rana sylvatica reveal spatial and temporal patterns of population connectivity and persistence     

William E. Peterman  Tracy A. G. Rittenhouse  Julia E. Earl  Raymond D. Semlitsch 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(8):1601-1613

Many populations are spatially structured with frequent extinction–colonization events. A clear understanding of these processes is necessary for making informed and effective management decisions. Due to the spatially and temporally dynamic nature of many systems, population connectivity and local extinction–colonization processes can be difficult to assess, but graph theoretic and occupancy modeling approaches are increasingly being utilized to answer such vital ecological questions. In our study, we used 6 years of egg mass counts from 34 ponds for Rana sylvatica to parameterize spatially explicit demographic network models. Our models revealed that the studied populations have spatial structure with strong source–sink dynamics. We also assessed the colonization and persistence probability of each pond using multi-season occupancy modeling. We observed extreme fluctuation in reproductive effort among years, resulting in variable levels of connectivity across the landscape. Pond colonization and persistence were most influenced by local population dynamics, but colonization was also affected by precipitation. Our demographic network model had moderate ability to predict reproductive effort, but accuracy was hindered by variation in annual precipitation. Source populations had higher colonization and persistence rates as well as a greater proportion of ravine habitat within 1,000 m than sink populations. By linking a spatially explicit connectivity model with a temporal occupancy/persistence model, we provide a framework for interpreting patterns of occupancy and dispersal that can serve as an initial guide for future habitat management and restoration.  相似文献   

Bushmeat characteristics vary with catchment conditions in a Congo market     

Jef Dupain  Janet Nackoney  J. Mario Vargas  Paul J. Johnson  Miguel A. Farfán  Mange Bofaso  Julia E. Fa 《Biological conservation》2012,146(1):32-40

Ever-increasing rates of subsistence and commercial bushmeat hunting in African moist forests result in unsustainable exploitation levels for many mammals. Bushmeat markets are found in a large number of human settlements throughout the region and may be used to monitor the state of game species in catchment areas. As depletion of large-bodied species forces hunters to focus on small-bodied species this is likely to be reflected in the mean body mass and species composition of animals sold in that market. In this paper we present data on bushmeat sold in Basankusu market in the Democratic Republic of Congo during a 2-year period (276 sample days). We counted 10,358 carcasses of 33 mammal taxa, emerging from nine well-defined hunting catchment zone; an area of more than 45,000 km². For each catchment we assessed human pressures using metrics derived from remote sensing. Human population density correlated with higher species richness of species harvested, as well as with an increase in rarer taxa, and with a tendency for more individuals with higher intrinsic rates of reproduction to be observed. We suggest that simple surrogates of anthropogenic pressure and faunal characteristics in markets can be used as a rapid tool to measure faunal depletion of mammals at a regional scale. Such a system of evidence-based game monitoring would allow identification of both potentially overhunted and of less-disturbed areas for consideration in strategic planning.  相似文献   

Characterization of refractory organic substances by NEXAFS using a compact X-ray source     

Julia Sedlmair  Sophie-Charlotte Gleber  Christian Peth  Klaus Mann  Jürgen Niemeyer  Jürgen Thieme 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(1):24-34

Purpose  

We present the characterization of environmental samples using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra recorded with an in-house device. We want to point out the feasibility of such an easily accessed complementary technique, if not sometimes alternative to NEXAFS studies performed with synchrotron radiation, as the number of compact setups is increasing.  相似文献   

Modelling post-depositional transport of PAHs in aquatic bed sediments using CoReTranS     

Jason Go  Julia A. Stegemann 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(10):1541-1548

Purpose

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and persistent contaminants in aquatic bed sediments. A better understanding of their in-bed fate and transport is therefore key in minimising the risk to the environment over time through various remediation and monitoring strategies. Since ecological effects and risks are related to contaminant concentrations, this study developed CoReTranS, a predictive model that simulates one-dimensional organic contaminant reaction and transport in bed sediments.

Materials and methods

CoReTranS was benchmarked against analytical solutions of simplified reactive transport models and validated using a published study of marsh sediments contaminated with petroleum-derived hydrocarbons from Wild Harbour, West Falmouth, MA, USA.

Results and discussion

The CoReTranS model effectively predicted the vertical distribution of PAHs in the Wild Harbour sediments as confirmed by the modelling results from the published study. The CoReTranS model was also used to interpret results from a published study of PAH-contaminated fjord sediments from Kitimat Arm in British Columbia, Canada. Specific insights into the post-depositional fate and transport of selected PAHs in the Kitimat fjord sediments were obtained by comparing the measured concentration-depth profiles with the numerical results from the CoReTranS model. Key parameters such as effective diffusivity of contaminants and burial velocities of sediment particles were shown to possibly account for the predicted concentrations-depth profiles in the Kitimat fjord sediments.

Conclusions

As demonstrated, CoReTranS can simulate reactive transport models in order to predict PAH concentration profiles in porewater under site-specific conditions. The information derived from the use of the CoReTranS model highlighted practical application of such information by engineers to site-specific risk assessment and remediation.  相似文献   

Invasives: a major conservation threat     

Lambertini M  Leape J  Marton-Lefèvre J  Mittermeier RA  Rose M  Robinson JG  Stuart SN  Waldman B  Genovesi P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6041):404-405

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