Ability of surfactant micelles to alter the partitioning of phenolic antioxidants in oil-in-water emulsions     

Richards MP  Chaiyasit W  McClements DJ  Decker EA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):1254-1259

In oil-in-water emulsions, the physical location of antioxidants can be an important determinant in their activity. Surfactants can potentially influence the physical location of antioxidants in oil-in-water emulsions by causing solubilization of lipid-soluble antioxidants into the aqueous phase. Excess Brij micelles in an oil-in-water emulsion were found to increase the partitioning of phenolics into the continuous phase with polar antioxidants (propyl gallate) partitioning more than nonpolar antioxidants (butylated hydroxyltoluene). Solubilization of propyl gallate was rapid coming to equilibrium in less than 5 min. Increasing surfactant micelle concentrations from 0.3 to 2.8% increased the solubilization of propyl gallate by 2.3-fold. Solubilization of phenolic antioxidants into the aqueous phase by Brij micelles did not alter the oxidative stability of salmon oil-in-water emulsions, suggesting that surfactant micelles influenced oxidation rates by mechanisms other than antioxidant solubilization.  相似文献   

Speaking up on fundamental issues: a busy presidential year     

Wells J 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(4):149-150

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Progressive ataxia' in a Charolais steer in New Zealand     

Hill FI  Julian AF  Roiri J 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2002,50(4):166

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The diagnosis and prognosis of synovial tumors in dogs: 35 cases     

Craig LE  Julian ME  Ferracone JD 《Veterinary pathology》2002,39(1):66-73

Although synovial cell sarcoma is reported to be the most common neoplasm of the canine synovium, this retrospective study of 35 canine synovial tumors found that the majority were of histiocytic origin. Five (14.3%) synovial cell sarcomas were identified by positive immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to cytokeratin. Eighteen (51.4%) histiocytic sarcomas were identified by cell morphology and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to CD18. Six (17.1%) synovial myxomas were identified by histologic pattern. The remaining six (17.1%) synovial tumors represented a variety of sarcomas, including two malignant fibrous histiocytomas (actin positive), one fibrosarcoma, one chondrosarcoma, and two undifferentiated sarcomas. Rottweilers were overrepresented in the histiocytic sarcoma category and Doberman Pinschers were overrepresented in the synovial myxoma category. The average survival time was 31.8 months for dogs with synovial cell sarcoma, 5.3 months for dogs with histiocytic sarcoma, 30.7 months for dogs with synovial myxoma, and 3.5 months for dogs with other sarcomas. Among the dogs with follow-up information available, metastatic disease was detected in 25% of dogs with synovial cell sarcoma, in 91% of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma, in none of the dogs with synovial myxoma, and in 100% of dogs with other sarcomas. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin, CD18, and smooth muscle actin is recommended to make the diagnosis and thereby predict the behavior of synovial tumors in dogs.  相似文献   

Effect of the preovulatory LH surge on bovine follicular progesterone receptor mRNA expression     

Cassar CA  Dow MP  Pursley JR  Smith GW 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2002,22(3):179-187

A growing body of evidence indicates that intrafollicular progesterone receptor signaling pathways are obligatory for follicle rupture. However, the intrafollicular localization and regulation of progesterone receptor expression during the periovulatory period in cattle are not known. In this study, we determined the effect of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge on localization and expression of progesterone receptor mRNA in bovine periovulatory follicular and luteal tissue. Ovaries containing preovulatory follicles or new corpora lutea (CL) were collected at approximately 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 (preovulatory follicles) and 48 h (CL) after a GnRH-induced LH surge (n=5-8 per timepoint). Expression of progesterone receptor mRNA was detected in periovulatory follicular and luteal tissue at all timepoints examined. Relative levels of progesterone receptor mRNA were dramatically upregulated within 6h after the LH surge compared to all other time points (P<0.0001). In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the significant increase in progesterone receptor mRNA expression was localized to the granulosal layer of preovulatory follicles. Our results indicate that progesterone receptor mRNA expression is upregulated specifically in the granulosal layer of bovine preovulatory follicles following the LH surge. Progesterone receptor signaling pathways may help mediate the effects of the preovulatory LH surge on follicle rupture in cattle.  相似文献   

Experimental Escherichia coli respiratory infection in broilers     

Peighambari SM  Julian RJ  Gyles CL 《Avian diseases》2000,44(4):759-769

This study determined optimal conditions for experimental reproduction of colibacillosis by aerosol administration of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli to 2-to-4-wk-old broiler chickens. The basic model for reproducing disease was intranasal administration of approximately 10(4) mean embryo infectious dose of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) followed by aerosol administration of an 02 or an 078 strain of E. coli in a Horsfall unit (100 ml of a suspension of 10(9) colony-forming units/ml over 40 min). Scores were assigned to groups of infected chickens on the basis of deaths; frequency and severity of lesions in the air sacs, liver and heart; and recovery of the challenge E. coli 6 days post-E. coli infection. An interval of 4 days between the IBV and E. coli challenges was best whether the chickens received the IBV at 8 or 20 days of age. Typically, 50%-80% of the chickens developed airsacculitis and 0 to 29% of the chickens developed pericarditis or perihepatitis, with little or no mortality. Escherichia coli alone resulted in no deaths and 0 to 20% airsacculitis, but these percentages increased to 0 to 5% and 52%-60% when the E. coli aerosol was administered through a cone-shaped chamber. Administration of IBV alone failed to induce lesions. Recovery of the challenge E. coli from chickens did not correlate well with lesions. On the basis of these data, administration of IBV to 20-day-old chickens followed 4 days later by exposure to an avian pathogenic E. coli reproduces avian colibacillosis with the low mortality, high percentage of airsacculitis, and low percentage of septicemic lesions characteristic of the conditions seen in the natural disease.  相似文献   

Management of anaerobic infections   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S W Dow 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1988,18(6):1167-1182

Successful management of anaerobic infection first requires an accurate diagnosis. Cytologic examination of wound exudates and inspection for characteristic clinical clues greatly facilitates an accurate initial diagnosis of anaerobic infection. Knowledge of antimicrobial activity against specific anaerobic pathogens is essential, since antibiotic susceptibility information is not routinely available. Whenever possible, antimicrobial and surgical therapy should be combined in managing anaerobic infections. Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and metronidazole provide the most consistently reliable activity against pathogenic anaerobes, including Bacteroides. Penicillins are also generally effective, except for treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing strains of Bacteroides. Cephalosporins are not considered drugs of choice for anaerobic infections, although cefoxitin may in some instances be useful as monotherapy of mixed infections containing obligate anaerobes and coliform bacteria. Aminoglycosides and sulfonamides are ineffective and should be avoided for treatment of anaerobic infection.  相似文献   

Clinical features of salmonellosis in cats: six cases (1981-1986)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S W Dow  R L Jones  R A Henik  P W Husted 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(10):1464-1466

Of 6 cats with salmonellosis, only cats 1, 4, and 5 manifested clinical signs of gastroenteritis. In cats 2 to 5, salmonellosis was characterized by fever, a left-shifted leukogram, and vague nonspecific signs of illness. Salmonellae were isolated from blood and feces of cats 1 to 4, and from extraintestinal sites as part of a mixed gram-negative bacterial flora in cats 5 and 6. Of 4 cats with Salmonella bacteremia, cats 2, 3, and 4 were successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, amoxicillin, and/or chloramphenicol; treatment with cephapirin was ineffective in 3 cats. In some cats, salmonellosis was observed as a chronic febrile illness without specific gastrointestinal signs or as a localized tissue infection.  相似文献   

Effects of flunixin and flunixin plus prednisone on the gastrointestinal tract of dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S W Dow  R A Rosychuk  A E McChesney  C R Curtis 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(7):1131-1138

Flunixin meglumine has been reported to induce gastrointestinal lesions in dogs when administered at therapeutic dosages. We administered flunixin meglumine to dogs daily for 10 days to assess the effect of this drug on the gastrointestinal tract. We also evaluated the possibility of corticosteroid potentiation of gastrointestinal toxicosis by concurrent administration of prednisone to 1 group of dogs. Dogs were monitored for gastrointestinal toxicosis by means of serial endoscopic evaluation, measurement of fecal occult blood, PCV, and total solid concentration, and by physical examination. There were 3 treatment groups of 5 dogs each. Group-1 dogs were given 2.2 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg daily, in 2 divided doses IM; group-2 dogs were given 4.4 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg daily, in 2 divided doses IM; and group-3 dogs were given 2.2 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg daily, in 2 divided doses IM plus 1.1 mg of prednisone/kg/d orally, in 2 divided doses. A fourth group of 5 dogs served as a control group. Endoscopically visible gastric mucosal lesions developed in all treated dogs within 4 days of initiating treatment. Lesions first developed in the gastric pylorus and antrum and lesions at these sites were more severe than those observed elsewhere. Dogs treated with flunixin meglumine plus prednisone developed the earliest and most severe lesions; lesion scores in group-2 dogs were higher than those in group-1 dogs. All dogs treated had occult blood in their feces by day 5 and its presence appeared to correlate more closely with endoscopic findings than did physical examination findings or changes in values for PCV or total solids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

高温蘑菇浙Ag HWZ—1生物学特性的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

方菊莲  蔡为明 《食用菌学报》1996,3(2):21-27

浙Ag HWZ-1是一株性状与大肥茹（Agaricus bitorquis）相似,风味近似于双孢蘑菇（A.bisporus）的高温四孢蘑菇菌株。出菇适宜温度为27～30℃,菌丝生长温度18～34℃,最适为27℃,为至今国内报道的出菇温度最高的蘑菇菌株。PH值范围为4～9,最近为6。基质（棉籽壳）最适含水量为60～66％。菌丝在黑暗下生长良好,光照对菌丝生长具抑制作用,高浓度CO_2可促进菌丝生长,子实体纽结和发育仅需很少的新鲜空气。菌株对碳源利用以麦芽糖为优,淀粉、乳糖和甲基纤维素较差;有机氮比无机氮更有利于菌丝生长,以酵母粉最优,尿素最差。菌丝在供试的三种基质上均能生长,在麦粒上生长最快。  相似文献