Effect of a diet containing date pits on growth performance,diet digestibility,and economic evaluation of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)     

Kamel  Eman R.  Mohammed  Liza S.  Abdelfattah  Fathy A. I. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):339-346

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of date pits (DP) to growing Japanese quails on growth performance, diet...  相似文献   

Patterns of morpho-phenological and genetic variation of Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. complex in Tunisia     

Neji  Mohamed  Geuna  Filippo  Gandour  Mhemmed  Hessini  Kamel  Taamalli  Wael  Abdelly  Chedly 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(2):577-586

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The genus Brachypodium is generally considered taxonomically difficult because of the high levels of phenotypic variation and frequent...  相似文献   

Are changes in membrane lipids and fatty acid composition related to salt‐stress resistance in wild and cultivated barley?     

Najla Chalbi  Kamel Hessini  Mhemmed Gandour  Salma Naeit Mohamed  Abderrazek Smaoui  Chedly Abdelly  Nabil Ben Youssef 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(2):138-147

The possibility to use membrane‐lipid measurements to screen barley genotypes for salt resistance was studied. The results showed that wild barley (Hordeum maritimum) displayed a typical halophytic response as compared to cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Manel). Growth, tissue hydration, and photosynthetic activity were less affected by salinity in H. maritimum than in H. vulgare. The induced effects of long‐term NaCl treatment were reflected in root membrane lipids that remained relatively unchanged in wild barley, whilst they were significantly diminished with increasing salinity in H. vulgare. The levels of membrane‐lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage were changed only at high salt concentrations in H. maritimum whereas those of H. vulgare were considerably increased by lower salinity levels as a result of oxidative damage. These findings indicate that maintained membrane integrity (in H. Maritimum) may be considered a possible trait for salt resistance. However, membrane fluidity in H. vulgare was more increased than in H. maritimum. Thus, the unsaturated–to–saturated fatty acid ratio (UFAs : SFAs) and the double‐bond index (DBI), significantly increased in response to salt stress in cultivated barley while it did not change in H. maritimum. The changes in lipid unsaturation were predominantly due to increases in linolenic (C_18:3), linoleic (C_18:2), and oleic (C_18:1) acids and decreases in stearic acid (C_18:0). These results suggest that, in spite of being important for maintenance of membrane fluidity, the ability to increase unsaturation is not a determinant factor for salt resistance in barley species.  相似文献   

Effects of butyrate, avilamycin, and a plant extract combination on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manzanilla EG  Nofrarías M  Anguita M  Castillo M  Perez JF  Martín-Orúe SM  Kamel C  Gasa J 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(10):2743-2751

We evaluated the effects of 3 additives, sodium butyrate (AC), avilamycin (AB), and a combination of plant extracts (XT), on the productive performance and the intestinal environment of the early-weaned pig. The XT was a standardized mixture with 5% (wt/wt) carvacrol (from Origanum spp.), 3% cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamonum spp.), and 2% capsicum oleoresin (from Capsicum annum). Pigs (n = 32) weaned at 18 to 22 d of age with an initial BW of 6.0 +/- 0.10 kg were allocated to 8 pens that, in turn, were allocated to 4 treatments. The treatments included a basal diet (CT) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% of AC, 0.04% of AB, or 0.03% of XT. Productive performance was determined during the initial 14 d postweaning. On d 19 and 21 of the experiment, the pigs were killed to allow collection of digesta and intestinal tissue to evaluate variables indicative of aspects of the gastrointestinal environment. Treatments AB and AC improved G:F (P = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively) compared with the CT. Butyrate included in the diet was only detected in the stomach but not in cranial jejunum. When compared with CT, AC produced a lower ileal starch digestibility (P = 0.002) and a lower whole-tract OM and starch digestibility (P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), related to a lower VFA concentration in the cranial colon (P = 0.082) and a numerically reduced branched VFA percentage in the rectum. The AB treatment diminished propionate production in caudal colon (P = 0.002) and rectum (P = 0.012) compared with CT. The AC group exhibited deeper crypt depth in the jejunum without variations in villus height compared with CT (P = 0.042). The AC and AB groups also increased goblet cell presence in the colon (P = 0.001 and 0.032, respectively). On the other hand, AB and XT diminished intraepithelial lymphocytes in the jejunum (P = 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). The XT increased lymphocyte presence in the colon (P = 0.003). These results show the important influence of AB and AC on productive performance and on pig gut dynamics. The intestinal modifications observed for AB and AC compared with CT suggest distinct modes of action for each additive.  相似文献   

Efficacy of some rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> and as seed coating for the control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium culmorum</Emphasis> infecting durum wheat in Tunisia     

Nourhen Mnasri  Cynda Chennaoui  Samia Gargouri  Ridha Mhamdi  Kamel Hessini  Salem Elkahoui  Naceur Djébali 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(3):501-515

Sixty two rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains were evaluated for their biocontrol effect on two aggressive Fusarium culmorum isolates (Fc2 and Fc3). We observed that 35 % and 23 % of the tested strains inhibited the in vitro growth of Fc2 and Fc3 respectively. The observed antagonism was due to inhibition by contact (13–19 % of the strains) or at distance (10–16 % of the strains) for both fungal isolates. Some of the antagonistic bacteria showed the ability to produce diffuse and/or volatile compounds that inhibit the growth, the sporulation and macroconidia germination of F. culmorum. None of the tested antagonistic bacteria showed chitinase activity on synthetic medium. The sequencing of the 16S rDNA genes of some antagonistic bacteria showed that they belong to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Microbacterium. The double inoculation of durum wheat seeds by the antagonistic bacterial strains (B13, B18, BSE1, BSE3 and B16E) and the two F. culmorum isolates showed that germination and seedling vigor were generally improved in vitro. The percentage of infected seeds was also reduced. In greenhouse trials, the biocontrol effectiveness of F. culmorum was dependant from the virulence of the fungal strain and the specificity of the antagonistic interaction between bacterial and fungal strains. The bacterial strains B18 and B16E reduced F. culmorum infection on durum wheat plants probably due to their antagonistic and plant growth promoting activities and they may be used in a mixture as seed biopriming inoculum for plant growth bio-promoting and Fusarium wheat diseases biocontrol.  相似文献   

Variation in essential oil and fatty acid composition in different organs of cultivated and growing wild Ruta chalepensis L.     

Moufida Saidani Tounsi  Wissem Aidi WannesInes Ouerghemmi  Kamel MsaadaAbderrazak Smaoui  Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(3):617-623

The essential oil and fatty acid composition of two provenances of Ruta chalepensis from four organs (leaves, flowers, stems and fruits) was determined. The effect of the plant part on total fatty acid contents, essential oil yields, fatty acid and volatile constituents was significant.Fatty acid profiles varied significantly among the studied provenances and organs. Linolenic acid had the highest amount in leaves of the two provenances. From R. chalepensis, in all organs, the main fatty acids were palmitic (13.10-25.31%), followed by palmitoleic (0-15.72%), stearic (1.03-6.85%), oleic (1.90-24.04%), arachidic (0.11-4.03%), eicosatetraenoic (0.10-5.60%) and behenic (0.47-6.09%) acids. Saturated fatty acids had the highest amounts in growing wild R. chalepensis flowers, and cultivated R. chalepensis stems were characterized by the predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oil composition of all studied organs has a healthy and nutritionally value. Essential oil yields varied from 0.39% to 2.46% and showed a remarkable variation with plant organs. Thirty-six volatile compounds were identified in different analyzed essential oils; 2-undecanone, 2-nonanol and 2-dodecanone had the highest percentages.  相似文献   

Assessment of tolerance to NaCl salinity of five olive cultivars,based on growth characteristics and Na and Cl exclusion mechanisms     

Haifa Kchaou  Ajmi Larbi  Kamel Gargouri  Mohamed Chaieb  Fermín Morales  Monji Msallem 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Changes caused by NaCl-induced salinity on several growth parameters and ions accumulation have been measured in five olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (‘Chemlali’, ‘Chetoui’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Arbequina I18’, and ‘Arbosana I43’) growing in a greenhouse in nutrient solution pot experiment. One-year-old plants were transplanted to sand–perlite (1:1) culture, and were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing NaCl at various levels (0.5, 50, 100 and 200 mM). Salinity induced significant decrease in growth parameters, but to a different extent in each cultivar. Leaf growth and total leaf area per plant were significantly affected by all salinity treatments in all studied cultivars, being ‘Arbequina I18’ the most sensitive cultivar. Leaf drop phenomenon was observed from 60 days after salt application at high salinity treatments, mainly in Arbequina I18. Contrary to leaf area, leaf thickness increased progressively during the experiment. ‘Chemlali’ developed thicker leaves at the two highest salinity treatments when compared to the other cultivars. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations were higher in roots than in shoots and leaves in most of the cultivars investigated. The effectiveness of Na⁺ exclusion mechanism in the roots differed significantly among studied cultivars, working effectively in ‘Chemlali’ (by inhibiting translocation of Na⁺ to the aerial part) and being much less efficient in ‘Arbequina I18’. Furthermore, leaf abscission can be considered as an additional tolerance mechanism of olive cultivars allowing the elimination of leaves that had accumulated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. Tolerance to salinity stress was as follows: ‘Chemlali’ > ‘Chetoui’ > ‘Arbosana I43’ > ‘Koroneiki’ > ‘Arbequina I18’. This order of salt tolerance was indicated by lower reduction in plant growth parameters (shoot elongation, trunk diameter, total plant dry weight, internodes length, and total leaf area), the increase of leaf thickness, and by the effectiveness of the exclusion mechanism of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in the root system.  相似文献   

Experimental determination of the optimal location and contraction of sedimentation tank baffles     

F. H. Ahmed  A. Kamel  S. Abdel Jawad 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,92(3-4):251-271

The effects of baffle positions with different contractions on the flow patterns and suspended solids distribution were studied. It was found that the baffle position has a significant effect on the flow patterns, suspended solids concentration and solid removal efficiency. The best location of the baffle position was found to be at a distance within 5% of the tank length from the inlet, and contraction at 67% of the tank depth.  相似文献   

Effect of Soil and Foliar Fertilization on Inoculated and Uninoculated Soybeans     

M. S. Kamel    A. A. Metwally  S. T. Abdalla 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,158(4):217-226

Two experiments of soil N-fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation were conducted in 1981 and 1982 at Giza, Egypt. Soybean was sprayed with a commercial micronutrients mixture, and with urea.
In the first experiment, soil N-fertilization 0, 142.8 and 214.2 kg N/hectare were applied to uninoculated plants, whereas, in the second one, local inoculum was used alone or along with addition of a starter dose of N (47.6 kg N/hectare).
Urea applications were at pod filling period (R₄, R₅ and R₆ stages), whereas, micronutrients mixture was applied at 25 days from planting.
Plant dry weight, leaf area/plant, plant height, pod and seed number/plant, seed weight/plant, seed yield and crude seed protein content increased significantly with nitrogen application to uninoculated soybean plants; whereas the starter dose of N had no significant effect on any of these traits under the inoculated soybean plants.
Foliar application of micronutrients caused significant increases in plant DW, LA, pod and seed number/plant, seed index and seed yield of fertilized and inoculated plants.
Foliar application of urea, to inoculated and uninoculated plants, caused significant increments in plant dry weight, 1A, seed protein content and particular seed index and seed yield.  相似文献   

Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cardozo PW  Calsamiglia S  Ferret A  Kamel C 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(11):3230-3236

Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in four consecutive periods of 10 d to study the effects of six natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles. Fermenters were fed a diet with a 52:48 forage:concentrate ratio (DM basis). Treatments were no extract (CTR), 15 mg/kg DM of a mixture of equal proportions of all extracts (MIX), and 7.5 mg/kg DM of extracts of garlic (GAR), cinnamon (CIN), yucca (YUC), anise (ANI), oregano (ORE), or pepper (PEP). During the adaptation period (d 1 through 8), samples for ammonia N and VFA concentrations were taken 2 h after feeding. On d 9 and 10, samples for VFA (2 h after feeding), and peptide, AA, and ammonia N concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding) were also taken. Differences were declared at P < 0.05. During the adaptation period, total VFA and ammonia N concentrations were not affected by treatments. The acetate proportion was higher from d 2 to 6 in CIN, GAR, ANI, and ORE, and the propionate proportion was lower from d 2 to 4 in CIN and GAR, and from d 2 to 5 in ANI and ORE, compared with CTR. However, the proportion of individual VFA (mol/100 mol) was similar in all treatments after d 6, except for valerate in d 9 and 10, which was lower in PEP (2.8 +/- 0.27) compared with CTR (3.5 +/- 0.27). The average peptide N concentration was 31% higher in MIX, and 26% higher in CIN and YUC compared with CTR (6.5 +/- 1.07 mg/100 mL). The average AA N concentration was 17 and 15% higher in GAR and ANI, respectively, compared with CTR (7.2 +/- 0.77 mg/100 mL). The average ammonia N concentration was 31% higher in ANI and 25.5% lower in GAR compared with CTR (5.5 +/- 0.51 mg/100 mL). The accumulation of AA and ammonia N in ANI suggested that peptidolysis and deamination were stimulated. The accumulation of AA N and the decrease in ammonia N in GAR suggests that deamination was inhibited. The accumulation of peptide N and the numerical decrease in AA N in CIN suggest that peptidolysis was inhibited. Results indicate that plant extracts modified ruminal fermentation, but microbes were adapted to some extracts after 6 d of fermentation. Therefore, data from short-term in vitro fermentation studies may lead to erroneous conclusions, and should be interpreted with caution. Careful selection of these additives may allow the manipulation of protein degradation in the rumen.  相似文献