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排序方式： 共有108条查询结果，搜索用时 109 毫秒
51.
Hatem Belhouchette Kamel LouhichiOlivier Therond Ioanna MouratiadouJacques Wery Martin van IttersumGuillermo Flichman 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(2):135-145
Bio-economic models can be used to assess the impact of policy and environmental measures through economic and environmental indicators. Focusing on agricultural systems, farmers’ decisions in terms of cropping systems and the associated crop management at field scale are essential in such studies. The objective of this paper is to present a study using a bio-economic model to assess the impact of the Nitrate Directive in the Midi-Pyrenees region (France) by analyzing, at the farm scale, farm income and three environmental indicators: nitrate leaching, erosion and water consumption. Two scenarios, the 2003 CAP reform (baseline scenario) and the Nitrate Directive (policy scenario), with a 2013 time horizon, were developed and compared for three representative arable farm types in the Midi-Pyrenees region. Different types of data characterizing the biophysical context in the region (soil, climate), the current cropping systems (rotation, crop management) and farm resources (irrigated land, labor) were collected to calibrate and run the models. Results showed that the implementation of the Nitrate Directive may not affect farm income. However, significant modifications to cropping systems and crop allocation to soil types were simulated. Contrary to expectations, nitrogen leaching at the farm scale did not change. Overall water consumption increased and soil erosion decreased due mainly to a modification in cropping patterns and management by soil type. This study provides an example of unanticipated effects of policy and trade-offs between environmental issues. 相似文献
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Salem N Msaada K Hamdaoui G Limam F Marzouk B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4455-4463
This work was aimed to study the effect of extraction solvent system with varying polarities on polyphenol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents and DPPH scavenging activity. Obtained results showed that phenolic contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of solvent polarity. The extraction with acetone/water (2:8) showed the highest flower polyphenol content (15.09 mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, antiradical capacities against DPPH, chelating power and lipid peroxidation assay were maximal in acetone/water (2:8) of flower extract. Significant variation in antioxidant properties was observed between different development stages of Carthamus tinctorius flowers; the highest antioxidant activity was observed at stage III (full flowering) while phenolic composition reached its maximum at stage II (flower formation). Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in C. tinctorius orange flowers, accounting for about 102.57 (μg/g DW). Findings underline the potential health benefits as a result of consuming C. tinctorius flowers and suggest that it could be used as valuable flavor with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products on the basis of the high polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities. 相似文献
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Soil moisture is a principal environmental factor limiting legume productivity in the tropics and sub-tropics. A pot experiment was conducted at the wire house of National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt to study how potassium (K) fertilizer can mitigate the adverse effect of water stress. Three Japanese soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes, non-nodulating (NN) (En 1282), nodulating (N) (Eneri) and super-nodulating (SN) (En-b0-1) were grown under two potassium fertilizer levels (25 and 150 mg kg?1 soil as K1 and K2, respectively). The water stress (WS) was conducted for eight days. WS significantly reduced nodules numbers and weights, shoot dry weight, relative water content, seed yield, oil, total carbohydrate contents while protein was significantly increased in the three soybean genotypes compared with well-watered (WW). Water stress and/or K treatments caused significant increase in both free amino acids and proline as well as shoot nitrogen in the three soybean genotypes. 相似文献
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A. Sharaf S. H. Kamel O. A. El-Shabrawy 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1972,22(1):99-105
The pharmacological properties of the cotyledons ofVicia faba Rebaya 40, which is a local selection crop grown in Egypt, have been investigated.The daily intraperitoneal administration of the alcoholic extract for about one month, affecting the blood picture and caused some clinical symptoms e.g. pale mucous membranes, loose bowels, loss of appetite and drowsiness. Post-mortem examination showed flabby heart muscles and engorgement of the heart with blood. Animals showed also intestinal congestion, peritonitis and congested internal organs.The M.L.D. and L.D.50 were estimated in mice and rats. The alcoholic extract of the cotyledons has a stimulant action on the isolated mouse intestine, and uterus at different stages of sex cycle. The extract, in small doses, stimulates the isolated frog's heart, whereas, inhibition followed by stimulation was obtained with larger doses. It, moreover, raised the blood pressure after an initial drop specially when smaller doses were used, but larger doses, on the other hand, lowered it to an extent depending on the dose used.
Zusammenfassung Die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften der Reservestoffe vonVicia faba L. Rebaya 40 Kotyledonen, eines selektiven Stammes in Ägypten, wurden untersucht. Die tägliche intraperitoneale Untersuchung der Wirkung des alkoholischen Extraktes während eines Monats ergab Beeinflussung des Blutbildes und das Auftreten einiger klinischer Symptome, z.B. fahle schleimige Membranen, flüssigen Stuhlgang, Appetitlosigkeit, Schläfrigkeit. Postmortale Untersuchung ergab schlaffe Herzmuskulatur und Überfüllung des Herzens mit Blut. Die Tiere zeigten auch intestinale Blutstauung, Peritonitis und Blutandrang in den inneren Organen. Das M.L.D. und L.D.50 wurden bei Mäusen und Ratten geschätzt. Der alkoholische Extrakt der Reservestoffe besitzt stimulierende Wirkung auf die isolierten Mäuseeingeweide und auf den Uterus in verschiedenen Stadien des Geschlechtszyklus. Kleinere Dosen des Extraktes stimulieren das Froschherz, wohingegen auf Reizung mit stärkeren Dosen Hemmung erfolgte. Diese erhöhten außerdem den Blutdruck nach anfänglichem Abfall, besonders wenn schwächere Dosen angewendet wurden. Stärkere Dosen andererseits verringerten den Blutdruck, entsprechend den angewendeten Dosen.
Résumé Les propriétés pharmacologiques des cotylédons duVicia faba Rebaya 40, qui est une culture loca LE EN Egypt, on été étudiées.L'administration intra peritonale d'un extrait alcoolique pendant un mois, a affecté la pression artérielle et a causé certains symptomes cliniques eg: pâleur de la membrane nuceuse, diarrheé, perte de l'appétit et sensation de vertige. l'examen post-morteum a révélé un relachement des muscles cardiaques et und congestion du coeur. Les animaux ont également révélé une congestion intestinale, une peritonite et une congestion des organes internes.La M.L.D. et LD50 ont été estimeés sur des rats et des souris. L'extrait alcoolique de l'endosperme, a une action stimulante sur l'intestin isolé de la souris et de l'uterus à différents stages du cycle ovarien. L'extrait, en petites doses, stimule le coeur-isolé de la grenouille, tandis que de larges doses causent tout d'abord une diminution suivie par une stimulation du coeur de grenouille.Il élève la pression artérielle après une diminution initiale, lorsque de petites sont utiliseés, mais au contraire avec de larges doses, la pression artérielle diminue suivant la dose utilisée.相似文献
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56.
Thabèt Yangui Ali Rhouma Kamel Gargouri Mohamed Ali Triki Jalel Bouzid 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):495-504
Olive mill waste water (OMW) and some of its indigenous bacterial strains were tested in vitro and in planta for their efficacy against crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. OMW and polyphenols displayed a high level of antibacterial activity, however the volatile fraction was less efficient as
only a bacteriostatic effect was observed. In pot experiments, the percentage of bitter almond rootstock showing symptoms
of crown gall was significantly reduced with the dosage rate of OMW 1% as compared to the control (highly natural infected
soil treated with water). Five indigenous bacterial strains isolated from OMW exhibited an antagonistic effect against the
bacterium. Based on the gene 16S rRNA sequence analysis, one isolate showed 99.2% similarity to known sequences of Bacillus subtilis, one isolate demonstrated high percentage similarities (99.3%) to the genera Bacillus pumilis, and two isolates were associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas putida 100% and 99.6% similarities respectively. Among these bacteria, the strain B1 proved efficient against the soil borne pathogen
in vitro and pot experiments. Our study in controlled conditions suggested that the addition of OMW to soil exerts significant disease
suppressiveness against A. tumefaciens.
Thabet Yangui and Ali Rhouma contributed equally to this work and are regarded as joint first authors. 相似文献
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