Serological survey for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep of northeastern Algeria     

Benlakehal  Amar  Miroud  Kamel  Djeghim  Hanène  Kaidi  Rachid 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2227-2233

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Although T. gondii is of considerable both public and veterinary importance worldwide, studies on its existence in sheep in Algeria, either through serology...  相似文献   

Resistance of Medicago truncatula to salt stress is related to glutamine synthetase activity and sodium sequestration     

Samir Aydi  Sameh Sassi  Mohamed Debouba  Kamel Hessini  Estíbaliz Larrainzar  Houda Gouia  Chedly Abdelly 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(6):892-899

The response to salinity may largely vary not only among species but even cultivars or lines of the same species. Knowledge of the reasons underlying these differential responses can be critical in breeding programs to obtain lines with enhanced performance under salinity. In this work, the responses to salt stress of three Medicago truncatula lines with contrasting salt resistance, TN6.18 (sensitive), Jemalong (reference line), and TN8.20 (resistant), have been assessed by analyzing a full array of nodule parameters (water relations, carbohydrates, ion concentrations, and enzyme activities). The aim of this work was to look for the most important criteria conferring resistance to the M. truncatula‐Sinorhizobium symbiosis under salinity. The resistance of M. truncatula to salt stress was related to nodule osmotic adjustment due to both sequestration of sodium and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates and free amino acids following protein degradation, together with an adequate nitrogen metabolism due to maintaining relatively high glutamine synthetase activity (GS) and stimulation of NADH‐dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Glutamine synthetase activity differed clearly between the three studied lines. Thus, it may have a key role in the resistance of Medicago truncatula to salt stress.  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of the Nitrate Directive on farming systems using a bio-economic modelling chain     

Hatem Belhouchette  Kamel LouhichiOlivier Therond  Ioanna MouratiadouJacques Wery  Martin van IttersumGuillermo Flichman 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(2):135-145

Bio-economic models can be used to assess the impact of policy and environmental measures through economic and environmental indicators. Focusing on agricultural systems, farmers’ decisions in terms of cropping systems and the associated crop management at field scale are essential in such studies. The objective of this paper is to present a study using a bio-economic model to assess the impact of the Nitrate Directive in the Midi-Pyrenees region (France) by analyzing, at the farm scale, farm income and three environmental indicators: nitrate leaching, erosion and water consumption. Two scenarios, the 2003 CAP reform (baseline scenario) and the Nitrate Directive (policy scenario), with a 2013 time horizon, were developed and compared for three representative arable farm types in the Midi-Pyrenees region. Different types of data characterizing the biophysical context in the region (soil, climate), the current cropping systems (rotation, crop management) and farm resources (irrigated land, labor) were collected to calibrate and run the models. Results showed that the implementation of the Nitrate Directive may not affect farm income. However, significant modifications to cropping systems and crop allocation to soil types were simulated. Contrary to expectations, nitrogen leaching at the farm scale did not change. Overall water consumption increased and soil erosion decreased due mainly to a modification in cropping patterns and management by soil type. This study provides an example of unanticipated effects of policy and trade-offs between environmental issues.  相似文献   

Variation in phenolic composition and antioxidant activity during flower development of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)     

Salem N  Msaada K  Hamdaoui G  Limam F  Marzouk B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4455-4463

This work was aimed to study the effect of extraction solvent system with varying polarities on polyphenol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents and DPPH scavenging activity. Obtained results showed that phenolic contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of solvent polarity. The extraction with acetone/water (2:8) showed the highest flower polyphenol content (15.09 mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, antiradical capacities against DPPH, chelating power and lipid peroxidation assay were maximal in acetone/water (2:8) of flower extract. Significant variation in antioxidant properties was observed between different development stages of Carthamus tinctorius flowers; the highest antioxidant activity was observed at stage III (full flowering) while phenolic composition reached its maximum at stage II (flower formation). Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in C. tinctorius orange flowers, accounting for about 102.57 (μg/g DW). Findings underline the potential health benefits as a result of consuming C. tinctorius flowers and suggest that it could be used as valuable flavor with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products on the basis of the high polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities.  相似文献   

RESPONSE OF NON-NODULATING,NODULATING, AND SUPER-NODULATING SOYBEAN GENOTYPES TO POTASSIUM FERTILIZER UNDER WATER STRESS     

Magdi T. Abdelhamid  H. A. Kamel  Mona G. Dawood 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1675-1689

Soil moisture is a principal environmental factor limiting legume productivity in the tropics and sub-tropics. A pot experiment was conducted at the wire house of National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt to study how potassium (K) fertilizer can mitigate the adverse effect of water stress. Three Japanese soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes, non-nodulating (NN) (En 1282), nodulating (N) (Eneri) and super-nodulating (SN) (En-b0-1) were grown under two potassium fertilizer levels (25 and 150 mg kg^?1 soil as K1 and K2, respectively). The water stress (WS) was conducted for eight days. WS significantly reduced nodules numbers and weights, shoot dry weight, relative water content, seed yield, oil, total carbohydrate contents while protein was significantly increased in the three soybean genotypes compared with well-watered (WW). Water stress and/or K treatments caused significant increase in both free amino acids and proline as well as shoot nitrogen in the three soybean genotypes.  相似文献   

Some pharmacological studies on Vicia faba cotyledons grown in Egypt     

A. Sharaf  S. H. Kamel  O. A. El-Shabrawy 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1972,22(1):99-105

The pharmacological properties of the cotyledons ofVicia faba Rebaya 40, which is a local selection crop grown in Egypt, have been investigated.The daily intraperitoneal administration of the alcoholic extract for about one month, affecting the blood picture and caused some clinical symptoms e.g. pale mucous membranes, loose bowels, loss of appetite and drowsiness. Post-mortem examination showed flabby heart muscles and engorgement of the heart with blood. Animals showed also intestinal congestion, peritonitis and congested internal organs.The M.L.D. and L.D.₅₀ were estimated in mice and rats. The alcoholic extract of the cotyledons has a stimulant action on the isolated mouse intestine, and uterus at different stages of sex cycle. The extract, in small doses, stimulates the isolated frog's heart, whereas, inhibition followed by stimulation was obtained with larger doses. It, moreover, raised the blood pressure after an initial drop specially when smaller doses were used, but larger doses, on the other hand, lowered it to an extent depending on the dose used.

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Zusammenfassung Die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften der Reservestoffe vonVicia faba L. Rebaya 40 Kotyledonen, eines selektiven Stammes in Ägypten, wurden untersucht. Die tägliche intraperitoneale Untersuchung der Wirkung des alkoholischen Extraktes während eines Monats ergab Beeinflussung des Blutbildes und das Auftreten einiger klinischer Symptome, z.B. fahle schleimige Membranen, flüssigen Stuhlgang, Appetitlosigkeit, Schläfrigkeit. Postmortale Untersuchung ergab schlaffe Herzmuskulatur und Überfüllung des Herzens mit Blut. Die Tiere zeigten auch intestinale Blutstauung, Peritonitis und Blutandrang in den inneren Organen. Das M.L.D. und L.D.₅₀ wurden bei Mäusen und Ratten geschätzt. Der alkoholische Extrakt der Reservestoffe besitzt stimulierende Wirkung auf die isolierten Mäuseeingeweide und auf den Uterus in verschiedenen Stadien des Geschlechtszyklus. Kleinere Dosen des Extraktes stimulieren das Froschherz, wohingegen auf Reizung mit stärkeren Dosen Hemmung erfolgte. Diese erhöhten außerdem den Blutdruck nach anfänglichem Abfall, besonders wenn schwächere Dosen angewendet wurden. Stärkere Dosen andererseits verringerten den Blutdruck, entsprechend den angewendeten Dosen.

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Résumé Les propriétés pharmacologiques des cotylédons duVicia faba Rebaya 40, qui est une culture loca LE EN Egypt, on été étudiées.L'administration intra peritonale d'un extrait alcoolique pendant un mois, a affecté la pression artérielle et a causé certains symptomes cliniques eg: pâleur de la membrane nuceuse, diarrheé, perte de l'appétit et sensation de vertige. l'examen post-morteum a révélé un relachement des muscles cardiaques et und congestion du coeur. Les animaux ont également révélé une congestion intestinale, une peritonite et une congestion des organes internes.La M.L.D. et LD₅₀ ont été estimeés sur des rats et des souris. L'extrait alcoolique de l'endosperme, a une action stimulante sur l'intestin isolé de la souris et de l'uterus à différents stages du cycle ovarien. L'extrait, en petites doses, stimule le coeur-isolé de la grenouille, tandis que de larges doses causent tout d'abord une diminution suivie par une stimulation du coeur de grenouille.Il élève la pression artérielle après une diminution initiale, lorsque de petites sont utiliseés, mais au contraire avec de larges doses, la pression artérielle diminue suivant la dose utilisée.

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Effects of Fusarium culmorum and water stress on durum wheat in Tunisia     

Samira ChekaliSamia Gargouri  Timothy Paulitz  Julie M. NicolMohsen Rezgui  Bouzid Nasraoui 《Crop Protection》2011,30(6):718-725

The effects of water stress on Fusarium foot and root rot in durum wheat were investigated in growth chamber, greenhouse and field tests in Tunisia. In the seedling stage, emergence of six durum wheat cultivars in the growth chamber was significantly reduced by inoculation with Fusarium culmorum and water stress (P<0.0001), with more disease under drier conditions. Additionally, the tiller number per mature plant, the 1000 grain weight and disease severity in mature stage were reduced by inoculation in greenhouse studies. In a field test, inoculation with F. culmorum significantly reduced the yield (P<0.001), by more than 17% for Om Rabiaa and 38% for Karim, the two cultivars tested. Yield was also significantly affected by precipitation and irrigation levels. The severity of the disease, estimated by the percentage of white heads, was separately affected by the cultivar (P<0.001) and inoculation (P = 0.0004). Percentage of white heads was 1.5 and 2 × higher in inoculated plants than non-inoculated for Om Rabiaa and Karim cultivars, respectively. Disease severity was highest in treatments with the greatest water stress. This is the first detailed study of water stress and F. culmorum on durum wheat in Tunisia, and indicates that cultivar resistance and irrigation management may be important in the management of Fusarium foot rot.  相似文献   

Efficacy of olive mill waste water and its derivatives in the suppression of crown gall disease of bitter almond     

Thabèt Yangui  Ali Rhouma  Kamel Gargouri  Mohamed Ali Triki  Jalel Bouzid 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):495-504

Olive mill waste water (OMW) and some of its indigenous bacterial strains were tested in vitro and in planta for their efficacy against crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. OMW and polyphenols displayed a high level of antibacterial activity, however the volatile fraction was less efficient as only a bacteriostatic effect was observed. In pot experiments, the percentage of bitter almond rootstock showing symptoms of crown gall was significantly reduced with the dosage rate of OMW 1% as compared to the control (highly natural infected soil treated with water). Five indigenous bacterial strains isolated from OMW exhibited an antagonistic effect against the bacterium. Based on the gene 16S rRNA sequence analysis, one isolate showed 99.2% similarity to known sequences of Bacillus subtilis, one isolate demonstrated high percentage similarities (99.3%) to the genera Bacillus pumilis, and two isolates were associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas putida 100% and 99.6% similarities respectively. Among these bacteria, the strain B1 proved efficient against the soil borne pathogen in vitro and pot experiments. Our study in controlled conditions suggested that the addition of OMW to soil exerts significant disease suppressiveness against A. tumefaciens. Thabet Yangui and Ali Rhouma contributed equally to this work and are regarded as joint first authors.  相似文献   

Study on the role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway during chicken spermatogonial stem cells generation based on RNA-Seq     

ZHANG Lei  ZUO Qi-sheng  LI Dong  LIAN Chao  Kamel E Ahmed  TANG Bei-bei  SONG Jiu-zhou  ZHANG Ya-ni  LI Bi-chun 《农业科学学报》2015,14(5):939-948

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Two pear accessions evaluated for susceptibility to pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc) in Israel     

Liora Shaltiel‐Harpaz  Victoria Soroker  Rika Kedoshim  Roy Hason  Tamar Sokalsky  Kamel Hatib  Irit Bar‐Ya'akov  Doron Holland 《Pest management science》2014,70(2):234-239

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