Allelic segregation of sex‐linked microsatellite markers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and validation of inheritance in YY population     

Nargis Sultana  Mohd Golam Quader Khan  Mostafa Ali Reza Hossain  Md Samsul Alam 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):1923-1932

Stocking of all‐male fingerling produced by direct administration of male hormone 17‐α‐methyltestosterone is the most preferred method for present‐day aquaculture of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. However, due to the growing concern of negative impact of steroid hormone in food fish, production of ‘genetically male’ tilapia, which depends on the concrete and thorough understanding of sex determination, has long been a scientific curiosity. The objective of the present study was to identify reliable sex‐linked markers and to evaluate the applicability of those markers in terms of monosex production approach. ‘XY’ neofemales were produced by using synthetic oestrogen and identified through selective breeding and progeny testing. Three females with progeny not deviating from 3:1 sex ratio (male:female) were designated as ‘XY’ neofemales and were used subsequently to produce putative YY progeny. Among the fifteen microsatellite markers tested, marker ARO172 was most informative in differentiating male and female genotypes. Twenty‐seven F₂ fish from three families were identified as putative YY males based on marker genotyping, and four of them were crossed to produce F₃ to validate marker association by progeny testing. The YY males produced 86%–100% male progeny indicating ARO172 a unique sex‐linked marker applicable in marker‐assisted selection.  相似文献   

In vitro oocyte maturation and blood‐circulating steroid hormones in Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)     

Hajar Azarin  Mohammad Reza Imanpour  Atefeh Karamad  Ahmad Reza Jebeleh  Sajjad Pourmozaffar 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(9):3488-3494

The oocyte of Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) was evaluated after incubation with 17α, 20β‐Dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) in artificial media. Concentration of testosterone (T), progesterone (P4) and 17‐β estradiol (E2) in blood and their relation to fertilization rate were measured during experimental period. The oocytes at the same developmental stages were incubated in SIS (based on sturgeon blood ionic composition), RM2 (Ringer solution modified for sturgeons) and L‐15 (Leibovitz medium) artificial mediums in the presence of 1 μg/ml of 17α, 20β‐Dihydroxyprogesterone for 12, 18 and 24 hr. The result of this study demonstrated that fertilization rate decreased with the increasing duration of incubation in all mediums. In the Siberian and Sterlet sturgeon, the highest fertilization rate was observed in the oocytes incubated in RM2 (0.81 ± 0.4) and SIS (0.44 ± 0.8) mediums for 12 hr respectively. In the Siberian sturgeon, fertilization rate decreased significantly (p < .05) with incubation time in all three mediums. In Starlet, fertilization rate decreased significantly (p < .05) with time and reached a minimum after 24 hr (0.16 ± 0.1) in L‐15 medium. No significant (p > .05) differences were observed between blood plasma hormones and fertilization rate. The results of this study indicated that 17α, 20β‐Dihydroxyprogesterone is essential for induction of in vitro oocyte maturation in these species.  相似文献   

Effects of total fish oil replacement to vegetable oils at two dietary lipid levels on the growth,body composition,haemato‐immunological and serum biochemical parameters in caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877)     

Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari  Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh  Reza Pourgholam 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1131-1144

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of two dietary fat levels [low fat (LF) (10%), high fat (HF) (20%)] and sources [fish oil (FO), vegetable oil (VO)] on the growth and some physiological parameters of Caspian brown trout fingerlings for 60 days. Tuna oil or blends of canola and soybean oils (85:15) were added to diets to design four feeds namely LFFO, HFFO, LFVO and HFVO according to the fat levels and sources. The fish fed the LFFO diet had lower weight gain than the other fish (P<0.05). The total n‐6 fatty acids increased in fish fed diets with the blends of VO, while the total n‐3 fatty acids decreased in these fish (P<0.05). Serum lysozyme activity was higher in fish fed the HFVO diet than the other fish (P<0.05). Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and very low‐density lipoprotein were lower in fish fed LFFO than the other fish (P<0.05). The present study demonstrates that in terms of fish growth, VOs can be used as an alternate source of dietary fat, whereas fish health and nutritional value are improved with the LFFO diet. According to these results, a partial substitution of FO by VO in high‐level fat diets is suggested for long‐term feeding of Caspian brown trout.  相似文献   

Effect of photoperiod and feeding frequency on growth and feed utilization of fingerlings Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)     

Mehdi Zolfaghari  Mohammad Reza Imanpour  Esfandyar Najafi 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(11):1594-1599

The effects of photoperiod (12L:12D and 18L:6D) and feeding frequency (three, four and five evenly spaced daily feedings) of 10% biomass per day during light hours on growth and stress response of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings were evaluated. The interaction between photoperiod and feeding frequency was not significant (P>0.05). Faster growth was observed in fish exposed to an 18L:6D photoperiod (P<0.01). The feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was also better with an 18L:6D photoperiod (P<0.05). Fish fed four and five meals per day grew similarly (P>0.05) and faster than when fed only three meals (P<0.01). The FCE with four or five meals per day was better than with three meals (P<0.05). At harvest, the proximate composition was similar in all treatments (P>0.05). Stress indicators (cortisol, glucose and haematocrit) did not differ between photoperiods (P<0.05). The results showed that 0.9–8.0 g Persian sturgeon fingerlings should be reared with an 18L:6D photoperiod and fed four times per day to obtain good growth and FCE.  相似文献   

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol on various size classes of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare Schultze, 1823)          下载免费PDF全文

Reza Tarkhani  Ahmad Imani  Hadi Jamali  Hamed Ghafari Farsani 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5263-5270

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol was investigated on Pterophyllum scalare. A total of 130 fish with average weights of 1.0 ± 0.5, 5.0 ± 1.0 and 10.0 ± 1.0 g were subjected to 1.25, 2.5, 4.0, 5.5 and 7.0 mg/L eugenol, and behavioural responses were observed. Induction and recovery times were significantly affected by the interactive effect of eugenol concentration and fish weight (p < .05). Generally, 49.9–128 s after exposure to 1.25–7 mg/L eugenol, fish reached stage 3. Fish entered stage 4 over 55–135 s post exposure to such concentrations. Recovery time was 393.5–597.7 s in all sizes. Any increase in eugenol concentration led to a significant decrease in the induction time with a subsequent increment of the recovery time. Concentrations of eugenol and fish size along with their interactive effects have significantly contributed to the regression models, with concentration recording the highest beta values for stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 (?0.903, ?0.898, ?0.976 and ?0.864 respectively) and the product of size and anaesthetic concentration for full recovery in smaller fish (0.647) and eugenol concentration in larger ones (0.967). Recovery time was fitted to induction time to stage 4 via quadratic and linear regression models in smaller and larger fish respectively. Results revealed the minimal eugenol concentration to induce anaesthesia in various size classes of angelfish in less than 3 min was 1.25 mg/L. Our results showed eugenol as an effective and safe anaesthetic; however, it is not advisable for live fish transportation.  相似文献   

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility and lipase activity in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed fat powder in diet containing emulsifiers (cholic acid and Tween‐80)          下载免费PDF全文

Batoul Adhami  Abdolsamad Keramat Amirkolaie  Hosein Oraji  Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(5):1153-1159

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of two dietary emulsifiers on nutrient digestibility and lipase activity in rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss). A basal rainbow trout diet containing fat powder supplemented with 10 and 5 g kg^?1 of cholic acid, and 20 and 40 g kg^?1 of Tween‐80. Control diet contained no emulsifiers with fat powder was replaced by fish oil. Each diet was randomly assigned to 1,500‐L tanks in triplicate. Juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of 27.32 ± 2.03 g were randomly distributed in the experimental tanks. The results showed that growth parameters did not change by the addition of the two emulsifiers (p > .05). Total triglyceride content was significantly higher in control fish fed diet containing fish oil (p < .05), while serum cholesterol content showed no significant differences among treatments (p > .05). Control diet resulted in a higher fat digestibility than those of other experimental diets. However, protein and ash digestibilities in diet containing emulsifier were higher than those of the control diet. Control group showed the lowest lipase activity, whereas 20 g kg^?1 Tween‐80 diet caused the highest lipase activity among treatments (p < .05). In conclusion, it seems that a higher lipase activity induced by the emulsifiers could not compensate for the negative impacts of fat powder on the experimental diets.  相似文献   

The use of fenugreek seed meal in fish diets: growth performance,haematological and biochemical parameters,survival and stress resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Zahra Roohi  Mohammad Reza Imanpoor  Valiolah Jafari  Vahid Taghizadeh 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1209-1215

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of fenugreek seed meal (FKSM) on growth performance, blood haematological and biochemical factors, survival and stress resistance of the common carp (2.46 ± 0.06 g) fingerlings. Four practical diets containing 0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% FKSM were used to feed fish. Fish were fed on the tested diets at a rate of 3% of body weight for 8 weeks. Results indicated that fish fed the control diet had a significantly lower weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly in fish fed diets containing FKSM. There were no significant differences in glucose levels, red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin between treatment groups and the control group (P > 0.05). Significantly lower white blood cells count was observed in fish treatment with FKSM when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cholesterol level in group fed supplemented diet by 1% fenugreek significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). Total protein levels were significantly higher in all treatments compared to the control (P < 0.05). No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. In salinity stress experiment, highest survival rate belong to fish fed supplemented diet by 1% fenugreek. These results indicate that FKSM can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving the growth performance and blood indices of common carp fingerling.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Outer Membrane Vesicles Obtained from Predominant Local Isolate of Bordetella pertussis as a Vaccine Candidate     

Maryam Sadat Soltani  Mojtaba Noofeli  Seyed Reza Banihashemi  Fereshteh Shahcheraghi  Fereshteh Eftekhar 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2021,25(6):399

Background:Pertussis is a current contagious bacterial disease caused by Bp. Given the prevalence of pertussis, development of new vaccines is important. This study was attempted to evaluate the expression of main virulence factors (PTX, PRN, and FHA) from Bp predominant strains and also compare the expression of these factors in the OMVs obtained from predominant circulating Bp isolate. Methods:The physicochemical features of the prepared OMVs were analyzed by electron microscopy and SDS-PAGE. The presence of the mentioned virulence factors was confirmed by Western blotting. BALB/c mice (n = 21) immunized with characterized OMVs were challenged intranasally with sublethal doses of Bp, to examine their protective capacity. Results:Electron microscopic examination of the OMVs indicated vesicles within the range of 40 to 200 nm. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated the expression of all three main protective immunogens (PTX, PRN, and FHA), prevalent in the predominant, challenge, and vaccine strains, and OMVs of the predominant IR37 strain and BP134 vaccine strain. Significant differences were observed in lung bacterial counts between the immunized mice with OMV (30 CFU/lung) compared to the negative control group ((6 10⁴ CFU/lung; p < 0.001). In mice immunized with OMVs (3 µg), the number of lungs recovered colonies after five days dropped at least five orders of magnitude compared to the control group. Conclusion:OMVs obtained from circulating isolates with the predominant profile may constitute a highly promising vaccine quality. They also can be proposed as a potential basic material for the development of new pertussis vaccine candidate. Key Words: Bordetella pertussis, Vaccines, Virulence factors  相似文献   

Improvement of high-velocity impact properties of anisogrid stiffened composites by multi-walled carbon nanotubes     

Reza Eslami-Farsani  Alireza Shahrabi-Farahani 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(5):965-970

The present study represents the influence of adding different weight fractions (0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.4 wt.%) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the high velocity impact behavior of anisogrid stiffened composite (AGSC) plates. AGSC plates were fabricated through hand lay-up method where E-glass woven fabrics and unidirectional carbon fiber rovings were used as fibrous reinforcement of ribs and skin, respectively. High velocity impact test was performed on these plates by cylindrical projectile with conical nose. Obtained results revealed that the maximum improvement of the high velocity impact properties of AGSC plates were obtained through addition of 0.4 wt.% of MWCNTs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) examinations of the fracture surfaces clearly indicated the improvement in the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and epoxy matrix in the case of the nanocomposite specimens. Also, it was observed that the addition of MWCNTs to the AGSC specimens led to reduce the damage area and increased the damage tolerance, considerably.  相似文献   

Surface drainage nitrate loading estimate from agriculture fields and its relationship with landscape metrics in Tajan watershed     

Fatemeh Rajaei  Abbas Esmaili Sari  Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny  Majid Delavar  Ali Reza Massah Bavani  Raghavan Srinivasan 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):541-552

Pasture, forest, and farmland are the dominant land covers in the Tajan River watershed and this landscape status has a direct connection with nitrate pollution. Understanding the correlations between landscape variables and nitrate pollutant is a priority in order to assess pollutants loading and predicting the impact on surface water quality. The soil and water assessment tool was used to simulate nitrate loads in different land cover types in different years. The landscape pattern was calculated by FRAGSTATS. The contributing share of each land use/land cover shows nitrate pollutant produced by grassland (5.7%) and forest (29%) are less than those produced by agricultural land (64.2%). Agricultural land was identified as the main source of nitrate pollution. Paddy fields and orchards had the most intensive soluble nitrate loss especially in spring and summer. Statistical analysis indicated that nitrate was positively associated with patch density, edge density, patch number, total edge, effective mesh size, largest patch index, and landscape shape index (p ≤ 0.01). We then analyzed how nitrate was related to landscape attributes in six different sites. Also the regression analysis results suggested that landscape metrics could account for more than 94% of the variance of nitrate in the whole catchment. The regression models confirmed the great importance of the agriculture metrics and forest metric in predicting nitrate in watershed. Defining the generation and extent of pollution in this particular watershed which discharges into the Caspian Sea can constitute an important step toward protecting this ecosystem.  相似文献