Genetic succession and spatial genetic structure in a natural old growth Cryptomeria japonica forest revealed by nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers     

Tomokazu Takahashi  Naoki Tani  Kaoru Niiyama  Shigejiro Yoshida  Hideaki Taira  Yoshihiko Tsumura 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

Spatial genetic structure and diversity of Cryptomeria japonica trees in old growth forest but selectively logged in approximately 300 years ago were analyzed using seven nuclear microsatellite markers and one chloroplast microsatellite marker. The individuals were sampled from a 4-ha natural forest plot (200 m × 200 m), which are consisted of three size classes including newly regenerated individuals such as regenerated individuals (REG class; stem diameter at breast height (DBH), 5–110 cm), remaining individuals (REM class; DBH ≥ 110 cm), and old stumps. Genetic diversity was similar between the three groups. These results suggest that genes from the old growth forest may have been passed on to the next generation (i.e., the current forest). DNA extraction and analysis from old stumps was partly successful and we could compare the genetic diversity between old stumps and living trees using four microsatellite loci. Patterns of spatial genetic structure detected by analyses of the nuclear and chloroplast markers differed substantially; all nuclear markers showed significant positive autocorrelation (P < 0.05) over short distances, but the chloroplast marker showed no significant autocorrelation over any distance. We concluded that Moran's I spatial autocorrelation pattern for the chloroplast microsatellite may have been influenced by the extensive pollen flow characteristic of this species, because chloroplast DNA of C. japonica is paternally inherited through pollen and is a wind-pollinated species that produces abundant pollen every few years. In contrast, Moran's I spatial autocorrelation pattern for nuclear microsatellites may reflect limited seed dispersal in gaps where the forest has regenerated and low levels of seed shadow overlap due to past logging. The average seed dispersal distance was 86.0 m at the study site and about 34.0% of the seeds were from the outside of the site, which revealed by parentage analysis. The individuals remaining after logging, and the extensive pollen flow from outside our study plot, may play important roles in maintaining the forests on this island. Gaps created by the selective logging activities appear to have been important for the regeneration of this species in the past but in the present time, natural disturbances such as typhoon and landslide are also important for gap creation.  相似文献   

Maternal high‐fat diet promotes onset of diabetes in rat offspring          下载免费PDF全文

Takeshi Ohta  Yasufumi Toriniwa  Naruhiko Ryumon  Nobuhiro Inaba  Tadaaki Hirao  Saori Yamanaka  Takayuki Maeno  Wakako Sakakibara  Morio Sumikawa  Kaoru Chiba  Akiko Nakamura  Katsuhiro Miyajima  Fatchiyah Fatchiyah  Takahisa Yamada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):149-155

The onset and progression of type II diabetes is closely related to environmental factors, in particular dietary habit. Moreover, the environmental exposures very early in life can influence the risk for development of type II diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigated pathophysiological changes in the pups of maternal Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats that were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) throughout gestation and lactation. Maternal SDT rats were continued on HFD for 5 weeks, from day 8 of gestation to day 21 after birth, and biological analyses of the pups were performed from 2 to 22 weeks of age. Results of serum lipid levels in pups from dams fed HFD were higher than pups from dams fed a standard diet, and the onset of diabetes was significantly accelerated in pups from dams fed HFD. In pathological analyses, pups from dams fed HFD showed increases in liver weight and vacuolation of hepatic cells at 2 weeks of age. In conclusion, the metabolic disorder of lipids and glucose in SDT rats is closely related to the nutritional condition of dams during the periods of gestation and lactation.  相似文献   

A method for estimating radioactive cesium concentrations in cattle blood using urine samples          下载免费PDF全文

Itaru Sato  Ryoma Yamagishi  Jun Sasaki  Hiroshi Satoh  Kiyoshi Miura  Kaoru Kikuchi  Kumiko Otani  Keiji Okada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2100-2106

In the region contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident, radioactive contamination of live cattle should be checked before slaughter. In this study, we establish a precise method for estimating radioactive cesium concentrations in cattle blood using urine samples. Blood and urine samples were collected from a total of 71 cattle on two farms in the ‘difficult‐to‐return zone’. Urine ¹³⁷Cs, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, pH , sodium, potassium, calcium, and creatinine were measured and various estimation methods for blood ¹³⁷Cs were tested. The average error rate of the estimation was 54.2% without correction. Correcting for urine creatinine, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, or potassium improved the precision of the estimation. Correcting for specific gravity using the following formula gave the most precise estimate (average error rate = 16.9%): [blood ¹³⁷Cs] = [urinary ¹³⁷Cs]/([specific gravity] ? 1)/329. Urine samples are faster to measure than blood samples because urine can be obtained in larger quantities and has a higher ¹³⁷Cs concentration than blood. These advantages of urine and the estimation precision demonstrated in our study, indicate that estimation of blood ¹³⁷Cs using urine samples is a practical means of monitoring radioactive contamination in live cattle.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary kapok oil supplementation on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality and sensory traits of pork in finishing‐pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Keisuke Maeda  Kimiko Kohira  Hiroki Kubota  Kousuke Yamanaka  Kaoru Saito  Masakazu Irie 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1066-1074

Kapok seed and oil from the tropical zone are widely used as pig feed to harden porcine fat in Japan. This study evaluated the effect of dietary kapok oil supplementation on pork quality and sensory traits. Five Duroc pigs each were assigned to an experimental group supplemented with kapok oil and a control group. Dietary kapok oil supplementation had no effect on growth performance and intramuscular fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM). Supplemental kapok oil increased saturated fatty acid contents in subcutaneous and intramuscular fat and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid levels (P < 0.05). Off‐flavor detection by a trained panel was higher in the experimental than the control group (P < 0.05), but tenderness, juiciness, texture and flavor intensity of LM chops were similar in both groups. The overall palatability of pork as judged by a consumer panel decreased with kapok oil supplementation (P < 0.01). These results indicate that while growth performance, intramuscular fat contents and carcass characteristics were unchanged, while dietary kapok oil supplementation makes firm fat to prevent inferior soft fat in pork, it can lower the palatability of pork due to a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids.  相似文献   

Effects of parenteral fish oil on plasma nonesterified fatty acids and systemic inflammatory mediators in dogs following ovariohysterectomy          下载免费PDF全文

Kaoru Tsuruta DVM  MS  Robert C. Backus DVM  MS  PhD  DACVN  Amy E. DeClue DVM  MS  DACVIM  Kevin L. Fritsche PhD  Fred A. Mann DVM  MS  DACVS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2017,27(5):512-523

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Evaluation of a milk-flow assessment technique in dairy cows with normal teat canals or stenotic teat canals     

Condino MP  Suzuki K  Sato K  Hyakutake K  Taguchi K 《American journal of veterinary research》2010,71(10):1123-1126

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Spontaneous fibrosarcoma with pleomorphic appearance in an aged brown norway rat     

Tochitani T  Toyosawa K  Matsumoto I  Kouchi M  Michimae Y  Koujitani T  Funabashi H  Seki T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(4):261-263

An 18-month-old male Brown Norway (BN) rat showed a grayish-white subcutaneous mass in the right cheek. Histologically, the mass was composed of highly pleomorphic cells producing collagen. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin and partially positive for Ki-67; however, they were negative for ED-1, ED-2, S-100, cytokeratin, desmin and myoglobin. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasms of the tumor cells contained well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, the tumor had no characteristic feature other than collagen production and was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of Central Asian and north Caucasian Aegilops species as revealed by RAPD markers     

Kazutoshi Okuno  Kaoru Ebana  Bayarsukh Noov  Hisashi Yoshida 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(4):389-394

RAPD analysis of 112 accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss. (genome DD), Ae. cylindrica Host (CCDD), Ae. crassa Boiss. (DDMM), Ae. biuncialis Vis. (UUMM) and Ae. triuncialis L. (UUCC) collected in the Central Asia and north Caucasia was conducted. Aegilops accessions were divided into two major groups, corresponding to the D genome species and the U genome species. These groups were also separated into sub-groups according to species, except for the Ae. tauschii-cylindrica complex of accessions from Central Asia. Aegilops tauschii from north Caucasia was divided into two varietal groups, tauschii and meyeri. The Central Asian accessions of Aegilops species were more diverse than the accessions from north Caucasia. Aegilops tauschii and Ae. cylindrica accessions from north Caucasia were genetically uniform. Associations between altitudal variation of Aegilops species and variability of RAPD markers were not found.  相似文献   

Changes in the plasma levels of several bone markers in newborn calves during the first two days of life     

Kaoru HATATE  Kazuhiko SHINYA  Asako MATSUO-SATO  Shuichi SASAKI  Bhuminand DEVKOTA  Masahiro TAKAHASHI  Toichi HIRATA  Norio YAMAGISHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):337-340

The fluctuations in the plasma levels of several bone markers were investigated in newborn calves. Experiment 1 monitored the postnatal changes in the plasma levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b), total alkaline phosphatase (t-ALP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in four calves. These markers increased significantly from 9−20 hr after the first colostrum-suckling compared with the values immediately after birth. Experiment 2 evaluated changes in the plasma TRAP5b, t-ALP, BAP and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx) levels within 2 days post-birth in five calves with successful passive immunization via colostrum (non-deficient group) and five others with poor colostrum intake (deficient group). The non-deficient group had significantly higher plasma levels of the four parameters around 12 hr of life compared with the deficient group. The results suggest that the increase in plasma bone markers in calves in the first day of life is related to the colostrum intake.  相似文献   

Molecular approach to species identification of eggs with respect to determination of the spawning site of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica     

Jun Aoyama  Satoshi Ishikawa  Tsuguo Otake  Noritaka Mochioka  Yuzuru Suzuki  Shun Watanabe  Akira Shinoda  Jun Inoue  Peter M Lokman  Tadashi Inagaki  Machiko Oya  Hiroshi Hasumoto  Kaoru Kubokawa  Tae Won Lee  Hans Fricke  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(4):761-763

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