Pelvimetry was performed on a computed tomographic scanner using dorsal and lateral scout-view images of 10 adult German shepherd dogs. The vertical and transverse diameters of the pelvis were measured and the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet areas were also calculated. No significant correlations between the pelvic measurements and body weight, age and sex were found. Although the conjugata vera, diameter verticalis, diameter sacralis, sagittal diameter and the distance between the two medial tubera ischiadica were longer in females, no significant statistical difference was found between male and female animals for all measurements. It is proposed that the computed tomographic pelvimetry should be preferred for the sensitive measurements when the normal standards are determined for different animal species and the cost is reduced to an acceptable level. 相似文献
Herpesviruses and herpes-like viruses have been reported in only a small number of species of cetaceans, and, to date, clinical manifestations have been either as a life-threatening, disseminated infection or as a non-life-threatening dermatitis. A stranded juvenile Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was admitted to the Dolphin and Whale Hospital for rehabilitation. On initial physical examination, the rostral skin had multifocal regions of hyperplasia, and the skin of the dorsum contained a large number of small papules. Histologically, epithelial hyperplasia was evident, and clusters of epithelial cells contained 5-15-microm intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopic investigation revealed numerous 170-190-nm enveloped virions in both the intracellular spaces and the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, with numerous nucleocapsids noted in epithelial cell nuclei. Consensus primer polymerase chain reaction identified the presence of a novel herpesvirus associated with the lesions. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene fragment showed it to align with alphaherpesvirus sequences from humans and domestic animals. Although clearly distinct, it was most closely related to two previously described alphaherpesviruses of dolphins. This case represents the first documentation of herpesvirus dermatitis in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. 相似文献
Tachinid parasitoidsExorista xanthaspis (Wiedemann),Nemorilla maculosa (Meigen),Palesisa maculosa (Villeneuve) andDrino imberbis (Wiedemann) were obtained fromSpodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Noctuidae) larvae collected from cotton fields in Turkey.S. exigua is a new host record forN. maculosa, andP. maculosa is recorded from Turkey for the first time.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004. 相似文献
Computed tomographic images of the thoracic spine of 13 German shepherd dogs were examined in order to determine the thoracic spine morphometry. Examinations were carried out in the transverse plane both intervertebral and mid-vertebral levels of the each thoracic vertebrae. The dorsoventral and interpedicular diameters of the spinal canal, the dorsoventral and transverse diameters of the vertebral body, the dorsoventral and transverse diameters of the spinal cord and also the cross-section area of the spinal canal were measured. The maximum values were found to be at the level of C7-T1. The shapes of the spinal canal and cord were circular in middle part, the shape became transverse oval in the cranial and caudal parts of the thoracic spine. The most significant correlation between the diameters was found to be in male dogs, except between dorsoventral diameters of the spinal canal and that of the vertebral body and between dorsoventral diameters of the spinal canal and transverse diameters of the vertebral body. 相似文献
Although the use of distinct colors to indicate unprofitability to predators (i.e. aposematism) is commonly thought of as an adaptation, our knowledge of its macroevolutionary effects is limited. Because aposematism is expected to decrease attacks by predators, we hypothesized that aposematic lineages should be larger on average than their non‐aposematic sister groups because of the decreased probability of extinction and/or increased probability of speciation (i.e. increased diversification). The results of our sister‐group analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification of lineages, with the aposematic focal group having more species in 11 of 14 pairs of sister groups. Despite the apparent advantages of reduced predation risk on diversification rates, the evolution of aposematism is relatively rare and reversions to a cryptic state are not uncommon. In addition to the difficulties in evolving a trait that initially decreases the survivorship of prey among naive predators, we discuss other factors that may limit the apparent prevalence and success of aposematism. It is hoped that the results of our analysis will encourage further analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among aposematic groups and their relatives, and of the evolutionary time scales over which the benefits of aposematism are the greatest to lineages with this condition. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
Quail were fed with a basal diet, and the treatment groups were fed on the basal diet with 1.25 or 2.50 g/kg catechin supplementation for 30 d.
Fattening performance and meat quality of the quail were estimated. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and some serum biochemical parameters were measured.
The results showed that catechin supplementation did not affect live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, carcass dressing or the nutrient composition of breast and thigh meats. The water holding capacity (WHC) of breast meat was increased in the 2.50 g/kg catechin treatment. Catechin supplementation increased the serum TAS, but decreased plasma MDA and liver MDA concentration as well as serum glucose and total cholesterol levels. Serum triglyceride and total protein levels were not affected by catechin supplementation.
In conclusion, catechins have effective antioxidant hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic properties, as well as having the potential to increase meat quality in fattening quail. On the other hand, catechin supplementation did not have any negative effect on the fattening performance, meat nutrient composition and fattening costs in fattening quail.
In this study, some of the empirical methods such as USDA-SCS and volume balance equations were used for determining furrow length. The main purpose was proving empirical equations application possibility. According to results, USDA-SCS and Volume Balance Equations can be used for determining furrow length at the Bafra Plain, Turkey. The field experiment and Volume Balance results are very close to each other. Experimental results are different from USDA-SCS equation results, but there is a relationship between both. There is a coefficient between field results and USDA-SCS equation result for furrow length. The coefficient (0.41) can multiply by UDSA-SCS result is 73 m which is very close to the field experimental result of 71 m. 相似文献
Objective Human corneal cells have detectable levels of TLRs 1‐10. TLRs 2 and 4 are the major corneal receptors, recognizing the PAMPs associated with fungal invasion in humans. The conjunctiva and limbus contain TLRs 2, 4, and 9. Our purpose was to determine the expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and MD‐2 in the normal equine cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus. Methods Corneal, limbal, and conjunctival tissues were collected from seven euthanized horses having no evidence of ocular disease. RNA extraction with DNase‐1 digestion was performed followed by RT‐PCR to determine expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and MD‐2. Products were resolved by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels and visualized using ethidium bromide staining. Results Expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and MD‐2 was present in the cornea, limbus, and conjunctiva of each horse, except one horse, where TLR3 expression was unable to be demonstrated in the dorsal and ventral conjunctiva. Conclusions Confirming the expression of TLRs in equine ocular tissues is an initial step in identifying how they play a role in infectious keratitis, particularly fungal. The results further support the use of equine ocular tissues as a model for human fungal keratitis. Studies of the TLR expression together with their cytokine profile induced during equine fungal keratitis may help further clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and possibly lead to the development of new treatment protocols for both equines and humans. 相似文献