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Mairead Drain  Emma Agg  Leanne Boyd  Suzanne Lynde  Rebecca Korven  Karen Kemp  Patrick Garcia  Sarah Flint    Shannon Burns 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(2):121-122

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Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus by polymerase chain reaction in cultured isolates, cervicovaginal mucus, and formalin-fixed tissues from infected heifers and fetuses.     

Robert H BonDurant  Carlos M Campero  Mark L Anderson  Karen A Van Hoosear 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(6):579-584

A rapid, reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, originally developed for definitive laboratory identification of the bovine venereal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus from cultures of male reproductive tract fluids, was used for testing the following: 1) cultured, geographically disparate trichomonad isolates, 2) formalin-fixed tissues from infected heifers and naturally infected fetuses, and 3) cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) from experimentally infected females. In 12 of 12 Western Hemisphere isolates of pathogenic T. foetus (isolated from outbreaks of clinical trichomoniasis or from screening surveys) and in 1 of 1 American Type Culture Collection strain of Tritrichomonas suis, PCR yielded a positive result, i.e., a 347-base pair amplicon in the 5.8S ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer (5.8S-ITS) region of the genome, whereas cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas gallinae did not produce a PCR product. The PCR assay was also positive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial samples from 4 of 4 experimentally infected heifers, as well as in archived tissues from 2 of 2 T. foetus-infected aborted bovine fetuses that were submitted to the diagnostic laboratory from a natural outbreak. It was negative in fixed, embedded uterine tissues of 2 of 2 uninfected virgin heifers used as negative controls and in archived fixed gut tissue of a T. gallinae-infected pigeon. In another experiment, CVM aspirated from 4 of 4 experimentally infected heifers in the fifth or sixth postinfection week yielded a positive PCR product of the expected size, whereas CVM from 2 of 2 controls were PCR negative. Pending validation in larger clinical studies, the PCR assay for the 5.8S-ITS coding region of the T. foetus genome offers the prospect of definitive identification of this agent directly from CVM or from formalin-fixed tissues or when false-positive culture results are suspected.  相似文献   

The Cryopreservation of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis Semen     

Karen  Jenkins-Keeran L. Curry  Woods  III 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(1):70-77

Abstract.— Two experiments were designed to improve upon existing methods for cryopreserving striped bass Morone saxatilis , semen. In the first experiment, two extenders, two cryoprotectant concentrations, and two freezing rates were evaluated on the basis of post-thaw semen motility after 1, 7, and 30 d of storage at −196 C. Semen samples cryopreserved at a freezing rate of −40 C/m resulted in a significantly higher percentage of motile sperm ( P < 0.001) and longer duration of spermatozoa motility ( P < 0.001) than samples cryopreserved at a freezing rate of -30 Chin. Also, the cryoprotectant dimethyl-sulfoxide yielded a significantly higher percentage of motile sperm ( P < 0.001) and longer duration of spermatozoa motility ( P < 0.001) when a 5% concentration was used instead of 7.5%. In the second experiment, the two extenders from Experiment I were re-evaluated and a new extender, which was a modified version of Extender 1, was tested. The samples were cryopreserved at -40 C/min with 5% DMSO and thawed in a 25 C water bath. Spermatozoa motility and fertilization ability were evaluated, and semen cryopreserved in Extender 2 yielded the longest duration of spermatozoa motility ( P < 0.001). the highest percentage of motile sperm ( P < 0.001). and the highest percentage of fertilized eggs ( P < 0.002) in comparison to Extenders I and 3.  相似文献   

2-anilino-3-methylbutyrates and 2-(isoindolin-2-yl)-3-methylbutyrates,two novel groups of synthetic pyrethroid esters not containing a cyclopropane ring     

Clive A. Henrick  Barbara A. Garcia  Gerardus B. Staal  David C. Cerf  Richard J. Anderson  Karen Gill  Henry R. Chinn  Jeffrey N. Labovitz  Michael M. Leippe  Sam L. Woo  Robert L. Carney  Douglas C. Gordon  Gustave K. Kohn 《Pest management science》1980,11(2):224-241

A new series of substituted 2-anilino-3-methylbutyrates has been prepared; bioassay data for these compounds on Heliothis virescens, Musca domestica, Aphis fabae and Tetranychus urticae are presented and discussed. Some unexpected relationships were observed between the nature of the substituents and the biological activity. Increases in foliar stability were noted with certain substitution patterns. Both α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-methyl-2-(α, α, α,2-tetrafluoro-p-toluidino)butyrate and the corresponding 2-(2-chloro-α, α, α-trifluoro-p-toluidino)-3-methylbutyrate showed good stability in air and light, and exhibited biological activities of a similar nature and potency to those of previously known synthetic pyrethroids. Esters of the (R)-2- anilino-3-methylbutyric acids are far more active than those prepared from the (S)-enantiomers. The (R)-configuration at C-2 in these acids is sterically equivalent to the active absolute configuration at the chiral carbon α to the carboxylate group in both the permethrin and the fenvalerate types of pyrethroids. A new class of insecticidal 2-(isoindolin-2-yl)alkanoates is also reported. In this series the most biologically active analogue was α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-methyl-2-(4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisoindolin-2-yl)butyrate. These esters were considerably less stable than the anilino analogues on exposure to air and light.  相似文献   

Using an independent quality control software program, EZ Runs, to monitor quality control procedures for a bench-top coagulation analyzer     

Friedrichs KR  Young KM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(3):218-223

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive quality control (QC) procedures are necessary to ensure accurate analytic method performance. Highly automated systems typically have inherent QC programs that facilitate performance and maintenance of QC procedures; however, for bench-top analyzers that lack internal systems, independent QC programs must be used. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of an independent QC program, EZ Runs (Westgard QC Inc, Madison, WI, USA), to the maintenance of QC procedures for a mechanical, bench-top coagulation unit and to compare the results with our current, manual, QC method in a qualitative way. METHODS: A QC application file for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) performed on a STart4 (Diagnostica Stago, Parsippany, NJ) was created in EZ Runs. Results were recorded and interpreted using this software package as well as the current, manual, QC method. RESULTS: EZ Runs was adaptable to QC monitoring for the bench-top analyzer, and the program permitted identification of both random and systematic errors not detected by the manual QC system. CONCLUSIONS: EZ Runs improved the performance and maintenance of QC procedures for this bench-top coagulation analyzer. The results indicated the need to improve staff training in assay performance and QC interpretation. In addition, use of the software program indicated that a multirule QC design was needed to monitor assay performance.  相似文献   

Evaluation of prognostic factors, survival rates, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 151 cases (1993-2002)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Weinkle TK  Center SA  Randolph JF  Warner KL  Barr SC  Erb HN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(11):1869-1880

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prognostic factors, survival, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 151 dogs with IMHA not associated with underlying infectious or neoplastic disease. PROCEDURE: lnformation recorded from review of medical records included signalment at the time of initial evaluation; vaccination history; 30-, 60-, and 365-day follow-up outcomes; laboratory data; results of imaging studies; and necropsy findings. Dogs were grouped according to the presence of spherocytes, autoagglutination, a regenerative erythrocyte response, and treatments received (azathioprine, azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin, azathioprine plus mixed-molecular-weight heparin [mHEP], or azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin plus mHEP) for comparisons. All dogs received glucocorticoids. RESULTS: Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, neutered dogs, and female dogs were overrepresented. Alterations in certain clinicopathologic variables were associated with increased mortality rate. Rates of survival following treatment with azathioprine, azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin, azathioprine plus mHEP, and azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin plus mHEP were 74%, 88%, 23%, and 70%, respectively, at hospital discharge; 57%, 82%, 17%, and 67%, respectively, at 30 days; and 45%, 69%, 17%, and 64%, respectively, at 1 year. In comparison, mean survival rates at discharge and at 30 days and 1 year after evaluation collated from 7 published reviews of canine IMHA were 57%, 58%, and 34%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with a combination of glucocorticoids, azathioprine, and ultralow-dose aspirin significantly improved short- and long-term survival in dogs with IMHA.  相似文献   

Production of eosinophil chemoattractant activity by ovine gastrointestinal nematodes     

Wildblood LA  Kerr K  Clark DA  Cameron A  Turner DG  Jones DG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,107(1-2):57-65

Eosinophilia is a well documented feature of helminth infections but the precise nature of the interaction between parasite and eosinophil remains an enigma. This paper describes experiments demonstrating that ruminant gastrointestinal trichostrongyles produce potent chemoattractant activity for ovine bone marrow-derived eosinophils in vitro. This activity was initially identified as a constituent of whole worm extracts of third and fourth larval (L3, L4), and adult stages of Teladorsagia circumcincta, and adult Haemonchus contortus. Similar activity was detected in excretory/secretory (E/S) material derived from live T. circumcincta L3. Subsequently, by adapting the assay technique to incorporate live worms directly into the system, it was shown that L3 of both T. circumcincta and H. contortus produced eosinophil chemoattractant activity. In contrast, neither whole worm extracts, or E/S preparations from mixed stages of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contained eosinophil chemoattractant activity, and there was no evidence of chemoattractant production by live C. elegans. The results described are challenging to the traditional dogma that eosinophils are host-protective effector cells, and raise the intriguing possibility that ovine nematodes actively encourage recruitment of eosinophils. Local eosinophil-mediated mucosal damage, comparable to that seen in the asthmatic lung, may then provide a permissive local microenvironment for the parasite. Moreover, if they prove important for pathogenicity, nematode chemoattractants could offer future potential as novel therapeutic targets.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs     

Gómez MA  Jones JC  Broadstone RV  Inzana KD  Freeman LE 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(12):2039-2045

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nonselective computed tomographic (CT) venography for evaluating the cervical internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP), define the diameter and area dimensions of the IVVP, and determine the relationship between dimensions of the cervical IVVP and other vertebral components in medium-sized dogs. Animals-6 healthy dogs that weighed 18 to 27 kg. Procedure-Helical CT scans were performed from C1 to C7 before and after IV injection of contrast medium (480 mg of iodine/kg) and a continuous infusion (240 mg of iodine/kg). Image data were transferred to a CT workstation, and measurements were performed on displayed transverse images. Diameter and area measurements of the vertebral canal, dural sac, IVVP, and vertebral body were obtained at C3 to C7. RESULTS: Opacification of vertebral venous structures was achieved in all dogs with no adverse reactions. Sagittal diameters of the IVVP for C3 to C7 ranged from 0.6 to 3.2 mm. Transverse diameters ranged from 2.32 to 5.74 mm. The IVVP area represented 12.4% of the mean vertebral canal transverse area and 30.61% of the mean vertebral epidural space area. Area measurements of the IVVP were significantly correlated with vertebral canal area and dural sac area. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that nonselective CT venography is a safe, sensitive method for performing morphometric assessments of the cervical IVVP in dogs. Findings support the theory that there may be a physiologic or developmental relationship between cervical vertebral canal components.  相似文献   

Measurements of the acid-binding capacity of ingredients used in pig diets     

Lawlor PG  Lynch PB  Caffrey PJ  O'Reilly JJ  O'Connell MK 《Irish veterinary journal》2005,58(8):447-452

: Some feed ingredients bind more acid in the stomach than others and for this reason may be best omitted from pig starter foods if gastric acidity is to be promoted. The objective of this study was to measure the acid-binding capacity (ABC) of ingredients commonly used in pig starter foods. Ingredients were categorised as follows: (i) milk products (n = 6), (ii) cereals (n = 10), (iii) root and pulp products (n = 5), (iv) vegetable proteins (n = 11), (v) meat and fish meal (n = 2), (vi) medication (n = 3), (vii) amino acids (n = 4), (viii) minerals (n = 16), (ix) acid salts (n = 4), (x) acids (n = 10). A 0.5 g sample of food was suspended in 50 ml distilled de-ionised water with continuous stirring. This suspension was titrated with 0.1 mol/L HCl or 0.1 mol/L NaOH so that approximately 10 additions of titrant was required to reach pH 3.0. The pH readings after each addition were recorded following equilibration for three minutes. ABC was calculated as the amount of acid in milliequivalents (meq) required to lower the pH of 1 kg food to (a) pH 4.0 (ABC-4) and (b) pH 3.0 (ABC-3). Categories of food had significantly different (P < 0.01) ABC values. Mean ABC-4 and ABC-3 values of the ten categories were: (i) 623 (s.d. 367.0) and 936 (s.d. 460.2), (ii) 142 (s.d. 79.2) and 324 (s.d. 146.4), (iii) 368 (s.d. 65.3) and 804 (s.d. 126.7), (iv) 381 (s.d. 186.1) and 746 (s.d. 227.0), (v) 749 (s.d. 211.6) and 1508 (s.d. 360.8), (vi) 120 (s.d. 95.6) and 261 (s.d. 163.2), (vii) 177 (s.d. 60.7) and 1078 (s.d. 359.0), (viii) 5064 (s.d. 5525.1) and 7051 (s.d. 5911.6), (ix) 5057 (s.d. 1336.6) and 8945 (s.d. 2654.1) and (x) -5883 (s.d. 4220.5) and -2591 (s.d. 2245.4) meq HCl per kg, respectively. Within category, ABC-3 and ABC- 4 values were highly correlated: R2 values of 0.80 and greater for food categories i, iv, v, vi, vii and viii. The correlation between predicted and observed ABC values of 34 mixed diets was 0.83 for ABC-4 and 0.71 for ABC-3. It was concluded that complete diets with low ABC values may be formulated through careful selection of ingredients. The final pH to which ABC is measured should matter little as ABC-3 and ABC-4 are highly correlated.  相似文献   

Evaluation of nonsurgical treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation in dogs: 19 cases (1992-2001)     

Havig ME  Cornell KK  Hawthorne JC  McDonnell JJ  Selcer BA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(2):257-262

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