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61.
Hartwell Birgitte Wiedemann Iñiguez Luis Mueller Joaquin Wurzinger Maria Knaus W. F. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1573-1578
Intensive lamb fattening systems are evolving in developing Middle Eastern countries due to high demand for lambs at favorable
prices; however, little is known about their characteristics and constraints. A survey was conducted in Syria involving 241
farmers to characterize the fattening production systems and main constraints, with emphasis on feeding, management, labor,
and marketing. Most farmers (90%) considered the income from fattening to be from medium to high, and 57% expressed that lamb
fattening along with alternative income sources compose the family's livelihood strategies. Fattening systems offer employment
to family members. Market price was the main decision factor to buy and sell lambs, but this was only part of various marketing
aspects. Male lambs usually bought at markets at the mean age of 4 months (mean weight of 31 kg) are sold after fattening
at a 50–60 kg weight range. The average yearly fattening cycle was 2.7 batches, and the average number of lambs per batch
was 232. For 65% (n = 241) of the farmers the major constraint to fattening was feeding cost, and for about a half of farmers (51%, n = 241), disease outbreaks and prices for veterinarian services constituted the second important constraint. Research on least-cost
fattening diets and curbing disease problems to increase farmer's income margins is needed. It is expected that due to existing
commonalities, the information emerging from this study regarding major constraints to Awassi lamb fattening systems could
be useful for an across-synthesis on Awassi fattening production in the region. 相似文献
62.
Nina Thom Claude Favrot Klaus Failing Ralf S. Mueller Reto Neiger Monika Linek 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2010,133(2-4):183-189
The IgE specific Fc-? receptor test is widely used for serological evaluation of allergic canine patients. Aim of the study was to evaluate intra- and interlaboratory variability in three independent laboratories. Duplicate serum aliquots from 15 atopic dogs were submitted simultaneously to 3 laboratories (LA, LB, LC), which subsequently performed the test in a blinded fashion. LA and LC analysed sera for 35 allergens and expressed the results as optical density units (OD), while LB analysed 15 allergens and provided reaction grades (RG). Results were compared with three factorial ANOVA. Intralaboratory variability was evaluated by calculating the dispersion factor for data of LA and LC and standard deviation (SD) for LB. Correlation coefficients (r) were used to evaluate interlaboratory variability. Depending on the allergens, intralaboratory dispersion factor for LA and LC varied from 1.15 to 6.63 and 1.19 to 6.17, respectively. In LB the SD varied between 0 and 0.6 RG. Regarding interlaboratory variability, correlation of OD values between LA and LC was excellent (r > 0.8, p < 0.001) for 13 of 35 allergens. There was a significant difference in OD results for 9 allergens. The results were significantly correlated (r > 0.8, p < 0.001) for all except 3 allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, mixed grasses, nettle). As far as negative/positive results were concerned, intralaboratory differences were 3.14% and interlaboratory differences were 4.76%. 相似文献
63.
V. Albanese B. Credille A. Ellis L. Baldwin P. O. E. Mueller A. Woolums 《Equine Veterinary Education》2011,23(6):281-285
The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical course and pathological findings in a horse admitted to the emergency service of the University of Georgia Large Animal Teaching Hospital for evaluation of colic, fever and diarrhoea of several days' duration. A presumptive historical diagnosis of colitis was made initially, but, due to the lack of faecal output during the first 12 h of hospitalisation and subsequent examination findings, an impaction of the ascending colon was suspected. Initial therapy consisted of rehydration with oral fluids and management of the abdominal pain with analgesic therapy. The horse did not respond to medical therapy and because of signs of persistent abdominal pain and financial constraints, the owner elected euthanasia after several days of supportive care. At necropsy, the horse was diagnosed with a colocolic intussusception. 相似文献
64.
Fleming K Mueller PO 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(7):759-763
The objective of this study was to identify parameters that would assist in determining the probability of a successful outcome with medical management versus surgical intervention in horses with ileal impaction. Medical records of 245 horses admitted for ileal impaction were reviewed and placed into 2 groups: medical (med) and surgical (sx) treatment. Persistence of abdominal pain, gastric reflux, frequency of analgesic administration, and 1-year survival were evaluated. There were no differences in signalment, abdominal pain, or heart rate among groups; however, significantly more sx horses had peritoneal fluid abnormalities (51%) and produced gastric reflux (62%) than did med horses (38% and 15%, respectively). Eighty-nine percent of med horses required repeated analgesic administration for successful resolution. One-year survival was 91% for sx horses and 92% for med horses. Horses with ileal impaction responsive to analgesic therapy with minimal gastric reflux are likely to be managed successfully with medical treatment. Horses with persistent abdominal pain and gastric reflux are candidates for surgery. 相似文献
65.
Consecutive receiving studies were used to evaluate the replacement of starch (dry rolled corn; DRC) with a nonforage fiber source (soybean hulls; SBH) on performance, mineral, and blood metabolite status of newly arrived feedlot steer calves. Steers in yr 1 (Y1; 9 pens/diet, 8 to 10 animals/pen) and yr 2 (Y2; 6 pens/diet, 9 to 10 animals/pen) were blocked by weaning management, and then stratified by BW and randomly assigned to pens. Pens were randomly assigned to an oat silage-based diet containing starch (HS) from DRC or digestible fiber (HF) from SBH. Diets were formulated for 12% CP (DM basis) and to meet or exceed NRC (1996) nutrient requirements for Ca, P, and vitamins A and E. Mineral status was assessed in Y1 only via liver biopsies and serum samples collected on d 3 and 28. Mineral concentrations on d 28 were compared using d 3 concentrations as a covariate. Glucose, NEFA, and plasma urea N status were assessed in Y2 only via blood collections on d 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 59. Morbidity (<10%) and mortality rates were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments across years. Daily BW gain was similar (P > 0.10) between treatments both during the receiving period and cumulatively across years. Overall, feed intake was greater (P = 0.007) for steers fed HF compared with steers fed HS in Y1, but was not different in Y2 (P = 0.13). Steers consuming the HS diet tended (P = 0.07) to have better BW gain efficiency in Y1 only. Across years, BW gain efficiency and ADG were similar between treatments (P > 0.10), although DMI was greater for steers fed HF (P = 0.003). Based on 2 yr of performance, the calculated ME content of SBH was estimated at 92.5% of the ME value of DRC (2.74 vs. 2.96 Mcal/kg, respectively). Mineral concentrations on d 28 were similar (P > 0.10) for most minerals assayed. There was a steeper (P = 0.005) decline in hepatic Cu concentrations early in the feeding period for steers fed HF, resulting in decreased (P = 0.001) d 28 hepatic concentrations. Hepatic Mn was greater (P = 0.003) in steers fed HF on d 28 as a result of greater (P = 0.006) Mn accumulation during the initial 28 d on feed. Blood metabolites in Y2 (using d 0 values as a covariate) were similar (P > 0.10) across treatments, except for reduced (P = 0.025) plasma urea N concentrations on d 7 and greater (P = 0.050) NEFA concentrations on d 28 for steers fed HS. These studies indicate that the use of SBH in receiving diets can support BW gain similar to the use of DRC. 相似文献
66.
The effect of boiling and baking in either a convential or microwave oven on the lipid content of potatoes was investigated. The crude lipid content of potatoes was lowered significantly by all methods of cooking. The loss was highest in potatoes cooked in a microwave oven, least in boiled tubers, and intermediate in tubers baked in a conventional oven. Similar trends were observed for both cortex and pith tissues. Generally, the phospholipid content followed the same trend as the crude lipid, the exception being the cortex tissue of tubers baked in the conventional oven, in which the greatest loss of phospholipid occurred. Cooking did not significantly alter the fatty acid composition of tubers. A possible relationship between the degree of cell rupturing, known to be influenced by different mechanisms of heat transfer, and the amounts of tuber lipid associated with different cooking methods was discussed. 相似文献
67.
68.
Antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection associated (VIA) antigen: use of a bioengineered VIA protein as antigen in an ELISA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection associated (VIA) antigen (viral RNA polymerase) in cattle sera, was developed using a bioengineered VIA (BioVIA) protein antigen. Compared with the classical immunodiffusion test, with viral RNA polymerase purified from infected cell cultures as antigen, this ELISA was more sensitive. However, depending on the cattle population examined, sera with antibodies to viral RNA polymerase, probably due to infection with other picornaviruses, were detected. Despite these observations, the ELISA using BioVIA provided a rapid answer as to whether or not FMD virus circulated in a given herd of cattle. The main advantage of this ELISA is its absolute safety, since in no step of the antigen production was infectious or uninfectious FMD virus involved. The test can therefore be performed under normal laboratory conditions and no isolation units are needed as they are for the immunodiffusion test. 相似文献
69.
Diagnosis and treatment of biaxial keratomas in the left fore foot of a 15‐year‐old Clydesdale mare 下载免费PDF全文
A. L. Rowland L. R. Goodrich L. D. Bass E. D. Aldrich E. F. Edmondson L. W. Mueller 《Equine Veterinary Education》2016,28(6):310-314
A 15‐year‐old Clydesdale mare presented for further diagnostics and treatment of waxing and waning lameness and recurrent subsolar abscesses. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed biaxial masses extending from the hoof capsule, causing bone resorption of the distal phalanx. Surgery was performed to remove the masses and post operative care included regional limb perfusions, systemic antibiotics and therapeutic shoeing. Histopathology was consistent with the diagnosis of keratoma for each of the masses; this is the first case of confirmed biaxial keratomas. Two months after surgery the horse is sound at the walk and is expected to return to full function within the next year. 相似文献
70.
W. Mueller 《EPPO Bulletin》1974,4(3):347-355
Les méthodes biomété orologiques qui intéressent les biologistes appelé s à développer des systèmes de lutte intégrée se distinguent nettement de la climatologie traditionnelle de l'abri. D'une façon générale, les différences peuvent se résumer comme suit: –les investigations se font essentiellement à l' échelle microclimatique; –les instruments sont très élaborés et particulièrement adaptés au but recherché; –l'établissement du réseau d'observations et les périodes d'études dependent des exigences biologiques; –la durée des périodes d'observation est limitée et la densité du réseau climatologique relativement faible grâce au recours à l'échantillonnage représentatif. L'interprétation des résultats biométéorologiques est en général difficile puisqu'il y a souvent superposition de deux ou d'un nombre plus élevé de facteurs. II est done prudent d'inclure également, dans l'appréciation générale, les données de laboratoire et de s'efforcer de remplacer les données plus ou moins empiriques par des fonctions précises. Cette approche est proposée sous la forme d'une étude quantitative du bilan énergétique et hydrique des ravageurs. On peut ainsi obtenir des résultats de portée étendue, reposant sur des données physiques, d'une part, et des renseignements quantitatifs, d'autre part. Un certain nombre de facteurs simples ou composés tels que le vent et la faculté de refroidissement sont à considérer dans les études biométéorologiques puisqu'ils contribuent à caractériser, et partant, à prévoir le comportement des espèces (par exemple l'activité de vol du carpocapse des pommes). En définissant des « types de temps » favorables à l'activité d'un ravageur, il serait possible de prévoir le comportement de l'espèce en question. Enfin, l' étude conjointe des vues prises par satellites à l'aide de films à infrarouge, thermiquement sensibles, et des observations biométéorologiques faites au sol apportera sur le plan macro- et méso-climatique des éléments eminemment utiles au développement de la lutte intégrée. 相似文献