长期冬种绿肥改变红壤稻田土壤微生物生物量特性   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

高嵩涓  曹卫东  白金顺  高菊生  黄晶  曾闹华  常单娜  志水胜好 《土壤学报》2015,52(4):902-910

以进行了31年的双季稻-冬绿肥长期定位试验的红壤性水稻土为对象,研究了长期冬种绿肥条件下土壤微生物生物量特性的季节变化,为阐释冬绿肥措施在稻田生态系统土壤碳氮转化中的作用机制提供理论基础。试验包括双季稻-紫云英(RRV)、双季稻-冬油菜(RRP)、双季稻-黑麦草(RRG)及双季稻-冬闲(RRF)4个处理,在典型时期(绿肥盛花期、绿肥翻压后、早稻成熟期、晚稻收获后)采集土壤样品,分析土壤微生物生物量碳氮及微生物商等方面的变化。结果表明,3种冬绿肥均提高了土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物生物量氮(SMBN)和微生物商,在土壤性质相对稳定的晚稻收获后均显著高于对照处理,全年平均值也多显著高于对照处理。豆科绿肥紫云英对SMBC和SMBN的提高作用最显著,晚稻收获后相对冬闲分别提高了21.12%和98.45%,全年平均值分别提高了15.92%和36.49%。取样时期对SMBC、SMBN和微生物商有较大的影响,但变化趋势基本一致,即绿肥翻压前后无明显变化,早稻成熟期降至最低,至晚稻收获后再次上升。SMBC/SMBN比值在不同绿肥处理间差异不大,但有明显的季节变化,早稻成熟期较高而晚稻收获后降低。因此,南方稻田冬种绿肥后土壤微生物特性明显改善,冬种绿肥是提升稻田土壤肥力的高效措施。  相似文献   

Natural abundance of 15N in sweet potato, pumpkin, sorghum and castor bean: possible input of N2-derived nitrogen in sweet potato     

T. Yoneyama  J. Terakado  T. Masuda 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,26(2):152-154

Two combinations of plant species, sweet potato (three cultivars) and pumpkin, and sweet sorghum (three cultivars) and castor bean were grown separately in three plots of alluvial soil from June to September 1996. The shoots (leaves plus stems) of sweet potato and pumpkin, and the whole tops (leaves plus stems and grains) of sweet sorghum and castor bean were harvested twice, once in August and once in September in order to analyze their natural abundance of ¹⁵N (δ¹⁵N). The δ¹⁵N values of two of the varieties of sweet potato harvested in September were significantly lower than those of pumpkin, while δ¹⁵N values of sweet potato and pumpkin harvested in August, as well as those of sweet sorghum and castor bean harvested in August and September, did not significantly differ. The lower δ¹⁵N values observed in the September-harvested sweet potato may indicate that as much as 40% of the N intake of this species is derived from dinitrogen. This species is known to have a high ability to take up N from undefined sources. Received: 23 February 1997  相似文献   

Systemic Effect of a Brassinosteroid on Root Nodule Formation in Soybean as Revealed by the Application of Brassinolide and Brassinazole     

Junko Terakado  Shinsuke Fujihara  Shigeko Goto  Ryoko Kuratani  Yoshito Suzuki  Shigeo Yoshida  Tadakatsu Yoneyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(3):389-395

Leguminous plants form nitrogen-fixing root nodules and the number of nodules is controlled by a self-regulating mechanism called autoregulation. However, signaling substances involved in nodule regulation have not been identified. In the present study, we used brassinolide, a most effective molecular species of plant hormone brassinosteroids, and brassinazole, an effective inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis to determine whether brassinolide played a role in systemic regulation of noduel formation in wild type soybean and its super-nodulating mutant. Foliar application or direct injection of brassinolide into the root base inhibited nodule formation and root development in the super-nodulating mutant (En6500), but not in the parent line (cv. Enrei). The internodes in the plants subjected to foliar application were significantly longer than those in the untreated plants. In contrast, the application of brassinazole on mature leaves or into the culture media resulted in the increase of the nodule number in Enrei. These treatments also inhibited internodal growth in Enrei. The results indicate that brassinosteroids may regulate the nodule number in soybean plants. The function of brassinosteroids for the systemic regulation of nodule formation was examined.  相似文献   

Detection of nifH Sequences in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.)     

Shotaro Ando  Masahiro Goto  Sompong Meunchang  Praphai Thongra-ar  Toru Fujiwara  Hiroaki Hayashi  Tadakatsu Yoneyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(2):303-308

To detect N₂-fixing bacteria in a plant without using culture methods, nifH gene segments were amplified with degenerate primers from DNA extracted from stems of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) and leaves of pineapple ( Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.). Sequences of the nifH clones were homologous to those of bacteria in the genera Bradyrhizobium, Serratia , and Klebsiella. The bacteria with nifH sequences homologous to those of the three genera may be promising candidates for predominant endophytic diazotrophs in sugarcane and pineapple, because these sequences were commonly detected in samples from different host plants, which were collected at different locations. On the other hand, no nifH sequence related to Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus , which is an endophytic N₂-fixing bacterium and had been previously isolated from sugarcane, was detected in sugarcane. This indicates the absence or the presence of few G. diazotrophicus in the stems of the sugarcane plants used in the current study.  相似文献   

Profiling of hepatic gene expression of mice fed with edible japanese mushrooms by DNA microarray analysis: comparison among Pleurotus ostreatus, Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizigus marmoreus     

Sato M  Tokuji Y  Yoneyama S  Fujii-Akiyama K  Kinoshita M  Ohnishi M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10723-10731

To compare and estimate the effects of dietary intake of three kinds of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizigus marmoreus), mice were fed a diet containing 10-14% of each mushroom for 4 weeks. Triacylglycerol in the liver and plasma decreased and plasma cholesterol increased in the P. ostreatus-fed group compared with those in the control group. Cholesterol in the liver was lower in the G. frondosa-fed group than in the control group, but no changes were found in the H. marmoreus-fed group. DNA microarray analysis of the liver revealed differences of gene expression patterns among mushrooms. Ctp1a and Fabp families were upregulated in the P. ostreatus-fed group, which were considered to promote lipid transport and β-oxidation. In the G. frondosa-fed group, not only the gene involved in signal transduction of innate immunity via TLR3 and interferon but also virus resistance genes, such as Mx1, Rsad2, and Oas1, were upregulated.  相似文献   

Strigolactone deficiency confers resistance in tomato line SL-ORT1 to the parasitic weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp     

Dor E  Yoneyama K  Wininger S  Kapulnik Y  Yoneyama K  Koltai H  Xie X  Hershenhorn J 《Phytopathology》2011,101(2):213-222

The parasitic flowering plants of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (broomrape species) are obligatory chlorophyll-lacking root-parasitic weeds that infect dicotyledonous plants and cause heavy economic losses in a wide variety of plant species in warm-temperate and subtropical regions. One of the most effective strategies for broomrape control is crop breeding for broomrape resistance. Previous efforts to find natural broomrape-resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) genotypes were unsuccessful, and no broomrape resistance was found in any wild tomato species. Recently, however, the fast-neutron-mutagenized tomato mutant SL-ORT1 was found to be highly resistant to various Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. Nevertheless, SL-ORT1 plants were parasitized by Phelipanche aegyptiaca if grown in pots together with the susceptible tomato cv. M-82. In the present study, no toxic activity or inhibition of Phelipanche seed germination could be detected in the SL-ORT1 root extracts. SL-ORT1 roots did not induce Phelipanche seed germination in pots but they were parasitized, at the same level as M-82, after application of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 to the rhizosphere. Whereas liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis of root exudates of M-82 revealed the presence of the strigolactones orobanchol, solanacol, and didehydro-orobanchol isomer, these compounds were not found in the exudates of SL-ORT1. It can be concluded that SL-ORT1 resistance results from its inability to produce and secrete natural germination stimulants to the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

Exploration of bacterial N2-fixation systems in association with soil-grown sugarcane,sweet potato,and paddy rice: a review and synthesis     

Tadakatsu Yoneyama  Junko Terakado-Tonooka  Kiwamu Minamisawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):578-590

N₂ fixation systems in the nonleguminous crops and bacteria associations have been intensively studied over the last 50 years. Their structure and regulation have been investigated to explore the enhancement of N acquisition in these ecosystems leading to crop-growth with minimum chemical fertilizers. Several lines of important evidence have been accumulated indicating that the magnitudes of associative (nonsymbiotic) N₂ fixation in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), and paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) are agronomically significant. In these three crops, unique bacterial N₂-fixation systems may function in addition to the low-level activity (due to the competition in carbon/energy use) of the commonly occurring rhizosphere-associated system by free-living bacteria such as Beijerinckia, Azotobacter, and Klebsiella. Active expressions of the dinitrogenase reductase-encoded gene (nifH) phylogenetically similar to those of Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azorhizobium sp. were abundantly found in the N₂-fixing sugarcane stems, sweet potato stems, and storage tubers. These rhizobia micro-aerobically fix N₂ in the carbon compounds-rich apoplasts. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. were previously isolated from inside the sugarcane stems, as the candidates of endophytic N₂ fixers. However, the current molecular and physiological investigations suggest that their major role is production of phytohormonal substances. In paddy rice fields, methane is produced from organic compounds in anoxia and oxidized by contacting with oxygen gas. An active N₂-fixation by methane-oxidizing methanotrophs such as Methylosinus sp. takes place in the root tissues (aerenchyma) and also in the surface soil. This methanotrophic N₂-fixation supports the sustainability of soil fertility although the N₂-fixation and soil fertility are affected by chemical fertilizers. Finally, we discuss the ecological implications of the newly identified rhizobia and methanotroph systems in the N nutrition in nonlegumes and N reservation in field environments.  相似文献   

Nitrification and denitrification in an acidic soil of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) field estimated by δ15N values of leached nitrogen from the soil columns treated with ammonium nitrate in the presence or absence of a nitrification inhibitor and with slow-release fertilizers     

Akio Morita  Hiroshi Takano  Mitsuru Oota  Tadakatsu Yoneyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):585-593

Forty-two-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Asakazekomugi) plants were treated with complete, K-free (—K), Ca-limited (—Ca), and Mg-free (—Mg) nutrient solutions for 10 days using 2 mM NH₄NO₃ as the nitrogen source, which was replaced with 4 mM ¹⁵ NH₄C1 or Na¹⁵NO₃ for the subsequent 2 days to investigate the absorption, translocation, and assimilation of inorganic nitrogen in relation to the mineral supply. In another experiment plants were grown on NO₃ ^?, NH₄ ⁺, NH₄N0₃, and K-free and Ca-limited NH₄N0₃ nutrient solutions for 10 days, and then in the latter three treatments the nitrogen source was replaced with NO₃ ^? and half of the —K plants received K for 6 days to examine the changes in the nitrate reductase activity (NRA).

Wheat plants absorbed NH₄ ^?N and NO₃-N at a similar rate. Influence of K on the absorption of N0₃-N was stronger than that on the absorption of NH₄-N in wheat plants. The supply of K to the —K plants increased the absorption of NO₃-N, while the absorption of NH₄-N still remained at a lower rate in spite of the addition of K. A limited supply of Ca and lack of Mg in nutrient media slightly affected the absorption of NH₄-N. The influence of K was stronger on the translocation of nitrogen from roots to shoots, while Ca and Mg had little effect. When K was supplied again to the —K plants the translocation of NO₃,-N was more accelerated than that of NH₄-N. Incorporation of NH₄-N into protein was higher than that of NO₃-N in all the tissues; root, stem, and leaf. Assimilation of NH₄-N and NO₃-N decreased by the —K and —Mg treatments.

Leaf NRA of wheat plants decreased in the —K and —Ca plants. Higher leaf NRA was found when K was given again to the —K plants than when the plants were continuously grown in K-free media. Replacement of NO₃ ^? with NH₄ ⁺ as the nitrogen source caused a decline of leaf NRA, while the supply of both NH₄ ^?N and NO₃-N slightly affected the leaf NRA.  相似文献   

Sesbania spp., Aeschynomene indica and Crotalaria spp. are amide-exporters     

Tadakatsu Yoneyama  Motohiko Kondo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):689-693

Abstract

Extract

Leguminous plants consist of two groups, amide-exporting and ureide-exporting plants. The former legumes export a large fraction of fixed-N in the form of amides (asparagine and glutamine), and the latter legumes in the form of ureides (allantoic acid and allantoin). Another characteristic of the nodules is the enrichment in ¹⁵N. There are two types of legumes: one characterized by the enrichment with ¹⁵N in N₂-fixing nodules, in contrast to the other where the enrichment does not occur. The first investigation by Shearer et al. (1982) suggested that the nodules exporting fixed-N in the form of ureides were enriched in ¹⁵N unlike those exporting it in the form of amides. Soybeans, mungbean, and cowpea belong to the former group and groundnut, alfalfa, white clover to the latter. Although pea and faba bean were first classified into the latter group (Shearer et al. 1982), a recent investigation (Yoneyama 1988) showed that these nodules were also enriched in ¹⁵N.  相似文献   

Enrichment of natural 15N abundance in frankia-infected nodules     

Tadakatsu Yoneyama  Hideo Sasakawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):741-743

Abstract

The enrichment of ¹⁵N in the nodules of some N₂-fixing leguminous plants is an interesting finding (Shearer et al. 1982). The extent of ¹⁵N enrichment differed depending on the plant species (Shearer et al. 1982; Yoneyama 1987) and bacterial strains (Steele et al. 1983), and in soybeans it was apparently related to the nitrogen fixation efficiency (Shearer et al. 1984)  相似文献