X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of asteroid Itokawa by Hayabusa     

Okada T  Shirai K  Yamamoto Y  Arai T  Ogawa K  Hosono K  Kato M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1338-1341

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of asteroid 25143 Itokawa was performed by the x-ray spectrometer onboard Hayabusa during the first touchdown on 19 November 2005. We selected those data observed during relatively enhanced solar activity and determined average elemental mass ratios of Mg/Si = 0.78 +/- 0.09 and Al/Si = 0.07 +/- 0.03. Our preliminary results suggest that Itokawa has a composition consistent with that of ordinary chondrites, but primitive achondrites cannot be ruled out. Among ordinary chondrites, LL- or L-chondrites appear to be more likely than H-chondrites. No substantial regional difference was found on the asteroid surface, indicating its homogeneity in composition.  相似文献   

Plasma Profiles of Glucose, Insulin and Lipids in the Male WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) Rat, a New Model of Type 2 Diabetes with Obesity     

Kaji N  Okuno A  Ohno-Ichiki K  Oki H  Ishizawa H  Shirai M  Asai F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(9):1185-1189

Plasma profiles of glucose, insulin and lipids were examined in the male WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) (fa/fa) rat, a new model of type 2 diabetes (T2D), in comparison with age-matched original male WBN/Kob (lean) rats. The fa/fa rats developed hypertriglycemia, obesity and hyperglycemia from 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age, respectively. Plasma insulin levels in fa/fa rats were significantly higher than those in lean rats at 5 weeks of age, but after 11 weeks of age gradually declined to the levels in lean rats. HOMA-IR, a measure of insulin resistance status, showed that fa/fa rats had insulin resistance. The fa/fa rat has the potential to become an important animal model of T2D with obesity.  相似文献   

Cryorereservation of in vitro-grown meristems of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) by encapsulation-vitrification     

Dai Hirai  Kayo Shirai  Shigehisa Shirai  Akira Sakai 《Euphytica》1998,103(1):143-147

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Bathymetric distribution of beni-zuwai crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes japonicus</Emphasis> in the northern part of the Sea of Japan     

Ikuko Yosho  Taro Hirose  Shigeru Shirai 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(6):1417-1429

Surveys of beni-zuwai crab were conducted to clarify the bathymetric distribution and fecundity of beni-zuwai crab populations without the effects of bias due to fisheries. The results were compared with previous ones obtained at the heavily exploited Yamato Bank. Two sites in the northern part of the Sea of Japan, off southwest Hokkaido (200–2500 m deep) and West-Tsugaru Basin (300–1900 m deep), both of which are experiencing low exploitation levels, were surveyed in August to September, 2007. There was an abundance of morphologically immature crabs of both sexes in the depth range 1800–2100 m, and a few occurred at depths >2200 m. Immature crabs of <40 mm carapace width were found to migrate downslope to depths of 1800–2100 m and then to migrate upslope during molting for males and after maturity molting for females. Although data were lacking for depths >2000 m at the West-Tsugaru Basin, these relationships were significant for the pooled data of both localities, and they were similar to the results at the Yamato Bank. Clutch fullness of ovigerous females was negatively correlated with depth, which indicates that the low clutch fullness was not induced by fisheries, although the similar phenomenon observed at the Yamato Bank had previously been considered to be due to fishery effects.  相似文献   

Low-fidelity homing behaviour of Biwa salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus</Emphasis> sp. landlocked in Lake Biwa as inferred from otolith elemental and Sr isotopic compositions     

Yosuke Amano  Masayuki Kuwahara  Toshiro Takahashi  Kotaro Shirai  Kodai Yamane  Tatsuya Kawakami  Kazuki Yokouchi  Hiroshi Amakawa  Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(5):799-813

Biwa salmon Oncorhynchus sp. is endemic to Lake Biwa, Japan, where it is an important commercial and recreational fisheries species. However, no information is currently available on its population structure and migration ecology. Therefore, here we evaluated whether otolith Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios can be used as natural signatures in Biwa salmon and then used these to determine the natal origins of lake-migration-phase individuals and spawning adults, and the homing ability of spawning adults in the Lake Biwa water system. Quadratic discriminant function analysis demonstrated that the lake-migration school comprised individuals with multiple origins, including rivers to the east, west and north of Lake Biwa, and that the homing rate of spawning adults was low (18 out of 80 individuals), with ca. 78% of fish straying into non-natal rivers. However, this straying behaviour was not spatially random, with fish tending to migrate upstream in rivers neighbouring their natal rivers. The high rate of straying in spawning adults is considered important for establishing and maintaining this species, which is highly adapted to life in the Lake Biwa water system where environmental disturbances often occur.  相似文献   

Rice <Emphasis Type="Italic">terpene synthase 18</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsTPS18</Emphasis>) encodes a sesquiterpene synthase that produces an antibacterial (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-nerolidol against a bacterial pathogen of rice     

Masaki Kiryu  Miho Hamanaka  Kayo Yoshitomi  Susumu Mochizuki  Kazuya Akimitsu  Kenji Gomi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(3):221-229

Plant volatile compounds, including terpenes, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In the present analysis of a terpene synthase, OsTPS18, in rice, we found that OsTPS18 was localized in the cytoplasm and synthesized the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene. The amounts of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene increased after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. (E)-Nerolidol had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These results suggest that (E)-nerolidol plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice.  相似文献   

First report of downy mildew of statice caused by Peronospora statices in Japan     

Kayo Shirai  Yoshie Nishiwaki  Sayo Kobayashi  Mamoru Satou 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(4):212-215

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Two new species,Phytophthora nagaii sp. nov. and P. fragariaefolia sp. nov., causing serious diseases on rose and strawberry plants,respectively, in Japan     

Mohammad Ziaur Rahman  Seiji Uematsu  Toru Takeuchi  Kayo Shirai  Yasushi Ishiguro  Haruhisa Suga  Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(4):348-365

A new disease of rose was noticed in Chiba Prefecture of Japan in 1968, and the pathogen was initially identified as Phytophthora megasperma based on morphological characteristics. Similar Phytophthora isolates have since been collected from rose plants in Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka Prefectures. In 2005, several Phytophthora isolates were recovered from crowns of strawberry plants in Hokkaido Prefecture. These were considered to be members of a new species. In this study, we re-examined all these isolates using morphological and physiological studies and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The rose and strawberry isolates were mostly similar morphologically and physiologically, with some exceptions. The rose isolates differed significantly from P. megasperma sensu stricto and other related Phytophthora species. The rose and strawberry isolates had external proliferation of sporangia, characteristic funnel-shaped oogonia, predominantly paragynous antheridia, and fast growth rates of 10.5 mm/24 h at an optimum temperature of 28 °C. In the multilocus phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences from the rDNA ITS regions, rDNA LSU, and the translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin and coxI genes, they formed a distinct monophyletic group in clade 7 with strong bootstrap support. The rose and strawberry isolates separated into two distinct groups. The results indicate that the rose and strawberry isolates constitute two separate species, designated here as Phytophthora nagaii and P. fragariaefolia.  相似文献   

Characteristic upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 in an early lesion negative for hitherto established cytochemical markers in rat hepatocarcinogenesis     

Sukata T  Uwagawa S  Ozaki K  Sumida K  Kushida M  Kakehashi A  Wanibuchi H  Miyata K  Ogata K  Fukushima S 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):281-288

Previously, we reported α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M) to be a novel marker characteristic of rat hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions negative for hitherto well-established markers. In the present study, we further examined other candidate markers with specificity for the same type of lesions. Glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P)-negative hepatocellular altered foci (HAF) were generated using a two-stage (initiation and promotion) carcinogenesis protocol with N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and either Wy-14,643 or clofibrate, two peroxisome proliferators. Microarray analysis using total RNAs isolated from laser-microdissected GST-P-negative HAF (amphophilic cell foci) and adjacent normal tissues was conducted along with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Staining for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was detected in GST-P-negative HAF and hepatocellular adenomas, and slightly increased GRP78 mRNA expression was observed in the lesions by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Thus, an early increase of GRP78 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is likely a feature of the amphophilic subset of HAF.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a new inactivated Chlamydophila felis vaccine in experimentally-infected cats     

Katsuo Masubuchi  Akira Wakatsuki  Kayo Iwamoto  Takuo Takahashi  Teruaki Kokubu  Mitsugu Shimizu 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(8):609-613

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