Comparison of the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and rats     

Takahashi S  Hirai N  Shirai M  Ito K  Asai F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(7):953-956

The aim of this study was to examine the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and compare them with those of rats. The ferret activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was slightly longer than the rat aPTT. In contrast, the ferret prothrombin time and thrombin time were profoundly shorter than the corresponding rat values. The fibrinogen level in ferret plasma was 2 times higher than that in rats. Heparin prolonged all blood coagulation times in a concentration-dependent manner in both ferret and rat plasma. A significantly (P<0.01) higher concentration of heparin was required to double the aPTT in ferrets than rats. These blood coagulation data for ferrets will be useful in experimental animal studies.  相似文献   

Concordance between Results of Medium-term Liver Carcinogenesis Bioassays and Long-term Findings for Carcinogenic 2-Nitropropane and Non-carcinogenic1-Nitropropane in F344 Rats     

Doi Y  Tamano S  Kawabe M  Sano M  Imai N  Nakashima H  Furukawa F  Hagiwara A  Otsuka M  Shirai T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(4):207-213

This study was conducted to determine the concordance of results for a pair of structural isomers, 2-nitropropane (2-NP) and 1-nitropropane (1-NP), using the rat medium-term liver carcinogenesis bioassay (Ito test) and previously published long-term carcinogenicity tests. Male F344 rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg b.w.) to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. After 2 weeks, they received per os 0, 0.8, 4 or 20 mg/kg/day of 2-NP or 1-NP six times a week and were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3. Non-initiated groups receiving 0 or 20 mg/kg/day were also included. The animals were sacrificed for quantitative analysis of GST-P-positive foci at week 8. With the highest dose of 2-NP, significantly increased numbers and areas of GST-P-positive foci were demonstrated as compared with the respective control but were not noted with 1-NP. In the non-DEN-initiated groups, many small GST-P-positive foci of less than 0.2 mm in diameter were also induced in the rats treated with 2-NP at 20 mg/kg/day but were lacking with 1-NP. These results strongly support that 2-NP is a complete hepatocarcinogen with a potent initiation activity, whereas 1-NP is not.  相似文献   

Distribution of benzimidazole-resistant strains of the onion gray-mold neck rot pathogens,Botrytis aclada and Botrytis allii,in Hokkaido,Japan     

Notsu  Ayumi  Shirai  Kayo  Kondo  Norio 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2021,87(4):249-253

Botrytis aclada and Botrytis allii, associated with onion gray-mold neck rot and isolated in Hokkaido, were tested for sensitivity to benzimidazole. Of the B. aclada strains, 59% were highly resistant and the remaining 41% were sensitive; all strains of B. allii were sensitive. Resistant strains were widespread in Hokkaido. We analyzed the sequences of the β-tubulin gene of resistant strains and detected the replacement of glutamic acid (GAG) by lysine (AAG) at codon 198. This is the first report of benzimidazole resistance in B. aclada. This study revealed a difference in fungicide sensitivity between the two Botrytis species.

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Estimation of 140S particles in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine by using the computer analyzing system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J Shirai  A Chatchawanchonteera  W Sinsuwongwat  P Makarasen  T Sugimura 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(3):621-630

The quantity of 140S particles in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine samples produced in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Production Center (FMD Vaccine Production Center) in Thailand was estimated by the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and optical density analysis by using the computer applying system. The soft ware; Chromato Data System (CDS) (Nihon Chromato Works Co., Ltd. Japan) which is prepared for the analysis of chromatography, was applied for the estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine. The quantity of 140S particles in each vaccine sample measured by CDS was mostly ranged from 2-4 micrograms/ml and this quantity was consistent with the results of the other reports. This method is considered to be the available method for estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine as routine assay.  相似文献   

Isolation of virulent infectious bursal disease virus from field outbreaks with high mortality in Japan.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K Tsukamoto  N Tanimura  H Hihara  J Shirai  K Imai  K Nakamura  M Maeda 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(1):153-155

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Anatomicopathological study of vascular and biliary systems using cast samples of Fasciola-infected bovine livers     

Shirai W  Sato T  Shibuya H  Naito K  Tsukise A 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(5):239-245

In 117 livers with fascioliasis, this study was focused on the number of Fasciola, the number and intrahepatic localization of affected hepatic ducts and bile ducts, and the degree of fibrosis in the hepatic segments and bile ducts. The degree of pathological changes in bile ducts caused by fascioliasis was classified into five levels. The site of Fasciola habitation was most often the hepatic ducts of the porta hepatis: it was the left hepatic duct in 101 livers and the right hepatic duct in 88 livers. Casts were prepared by infusing synthetic resin into the hepatic arterial, portal, hepatic venous and biliary systems of 15 bovine livers with fascioliasis and then examined. In the left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate process where atrophic fibrosis was noted, the bile ducts became rod-shaped by losing branches, and the samples resembled dead branches of liver. Portal branches were thinned or completely terminated with marked fibrosis. Fine and irregular newly formed bile ducts not parallel with portal branches were observed in livers with markedly chronic fascioliasis. Distal portal branches in the right lobe, caudate lobe, and papillary process showed hypertrophic proliferative changes. The arterial system was generally well developed in thickened walls of bile ducts and formed vascular beds, and surrounded the bile ducts as tubes. In livers with severe fibrosis, capillaries were markedly developed and resembled glass cotton.  相似文献   

Anisotropy and corotation of galactic cosmic rays     

Amenomori M  Ayabe S  Bi XJ  Chen D  Cui SW  Danzengluobu  Ding LK  Ding XH  Feng CF  Feng Z  Feng ZY  Gao XY  Geng QX  Guo HW  He HH  He M  Hibino K  Hotta N  Hu H  Hu HB  Huang J  Huang Q  Jia HY  Kajino F  Kasahara K  Katayose Y  Kato C  Kawata K  Labaciren  Le GM  Li AF  Li JY  Lou YQ  Lu H  Lu SL  Meng XR  Mizutani K  Mu J  Munakata K  Nagai A  Nanjo H  Nishizawa M  Ohnishi M  Ohta I  Onuma H  Ouchi T  Ozawa S  Ren JR  Saito T  Saito TY  Sakata M  Sako TK  Sasaki T  Shibata M  Shiomi A  Shirai T  Sugimoto H  Takita M  Tan YH  Tateyama N  Torii S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5798):439-443

The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays is nearly isotropic because of the influence of magnetic fields in the Milky Way. Here, we present two-dimensional high-precision anisotropy measurement for energies from a few to several hundred teraelectronvolts (TeV), using the large data sample of the Tibet Air Shower Arrays. Besides revealing finer details of the known anisotropies, a new component of Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy in sidereal time is uncovered around the Cygnus region direction. For cosmic-ray energies up to a few hundred TeV, all components of anisotropies fade away, showing a corotation of Galactic cosmic rays with the local Galactic magnetic environment. These results have broad implications for a comprehensive understanding of cosmic rays, supernovae, magnetic fields, and heliospheric and Galactic dynamic environments.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships of soybean cyst nematode resistance originated in Gedenshirazu and PI84751 on Rhg1 and Rhg4 loci     

Chika Suzuki  Yoshinori Tanaka  Toru Takeuchi  Setsuzo Yumoto  Shigehisa Shirai 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):602-607

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most damaging pests of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Host plant resistance has been the most effective control method. Because of the spread of multiple SCN races in Hokkaido, the Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station has bred soybeans for SCN resistance since 1953 by using 2 main resistance resources PI84751 (resistant to races 1 and 3) and Gedenshirazu (resistant to race 3). In this study, we investigated the genetic relationships of SCN resistance originating from major SCN resistance genes in Gedenshirazu and PI84751 by using SSR markers. We confirmed that race 1 resistance in PI84751 was independently controlled by 4 genes, 2 of which were rhg1 and Rhg4. We classified the PI84751- type allele of Rhg1 as rhg1-s and the Gedenshirazu-type allele of Rhg1 as rhg1-g. In the cross of the Gedenshirazu-derived race 3-resistant lines and the PI84751-derived races 1- and 3-resistant lines, the presence of rhg1-s and Rhg4 was responsible for race 1-resistance. These results indicated that it was possible to select race 1 resistant plants by using marker-assisted selection for the rhg1-s and Rhg4 alleles through a PI84751 origin × Gedenshirazu origin cross.  相似文献   

Lack of Hepatocarcinogenicity of Combinations of Low Doses of 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoxaline and Diethylnitrosamine in Rats: Indication for the Existence of a Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens     

Min Wei  Anna Kakehashi  Shotaro Yamano  Seiko Tamano  Tomoyuki Shirai  Hideki Wanibuchi  Shoji Fukushima 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(3):209-214

The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the hepatocarcinogenicity of concurrent treatment of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats and to determine whether no effect levels of combinations of these two different structural categories of genotoxic hepatocarcinogens exist. Two 16-week rat hepatocarcinogenesis assays were performed using a total of 790 male F344 rats. In experiment 1, we evaluated the effects of concurrent treatment of a subcarcinogenic dose of DEN on rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by various doses of MeIQx. In experiment 2, we determined hepatocarcinogenicities of combinations of MeIQx and DEN at subcarcinogenic doses, low carcinogenic doses and high carcinogenic doses. Quantitative analyses of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, a preneoplastic lesion of the liver in rats, revealed that concurrent treatment with subcarcinogenic doses of DEN did not enhance MeIQx-induced rat hepatocarcinogenicity. We also found that concurrent treatment with combinations of subcarcinogenic doses of DEN and MeIQx was not hepatocarcinogenic, indicating that the combined effects of subcarcinogenic doses of DEN and MeIQx were neither additive nor synergistic. Moreover, concurrent treatment with low carcinogenic doses of these 2 carcinogens did not show additive or synergistic effects. Synergetic effects were observed only in rats coadministered high carcinogenic doses of the 2 carcinogens. These results demonstrate the existence of no effect levels of combinations of these 2 genotoxic hepatocarcinogens, and provide new evidence supporting our idea that there is a threshold, at least a practical threshold, that should be considered when evaluating the risk of genotoxic carcinogens.  相似文献   

Increased bovine Tim-3 and its ligand expressions during bovine leukemia virus infection     

Okagawa T  Konnai S  Ikebuchi R  Suzuki S  Shirai T  Sunden Y  Onuma M  Murata S  Ohashi K 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):45

ABSTRACT: The immunoinhibitory receptor T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) and its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), are involved in the immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections. However, there is no report concerning the role of Tim-3 in diseases of domestic animals. In this study, cDNA encoding for bovine Tim-3 and Gal-9 were cloned and sequenced, and their expression and role in immune reactivation were analyzed in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle. Predicted amino acid sequences of Tim-3 and Gal-9 shared high homologies with human and mouse homologues. Functional domains, including tyrosine kinase phosphorylation motif in the intracellular domain of Tim-3 were highly conserved among cattle and other species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that bovine Tim-3 mRNA is mainly expressed in T cells such as CD4+ and CD8+ cells, while Gal-9 mRNA is mainly expressed in monocyte and T cells. Tim-3 mRNA expression in CD4+ and CD8+ cells was upregulated during disease progression of BLV infection. Interestingly, expression levels for Tim-3 and Gal-9 correlated positively with viral load in infected cattle. Furthermore, Tim-3 expression level closely correlated with up-regulation of IL-10 in infected cattle. The expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 mRNA was upregulated when PBMC from BLV-infected cattle were cultured with Cos-7 cells expressing Tim-3 to inhibit the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway. Moreover, combined blockade of the Tim-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways significantly promoted IFN-γ mRNA expression compared with blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway alone. These results suggest that Tim-3 is involved in the suppression of T cell function during BLV infection.  相似文献