Sedative and physiological effects of brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution in healthy cats     

Niwako Ogata  Teppei Kanda  Mizuki Kawahata  Takayasu Ichikawa  Yuki Matsumoto  Waka Morimitsu  Yukiko Nishino  Takamasa Itoi  Kayo Furumoto 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1091-1100

Objective

To determine the effects of brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution on sedation, heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (f_R), rectal temperature (RT) and noninvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) in healthy cats.

Study design

Randomized, blinded crossover study, with 1 week washout between treatments.

Animals

Six healthy purpose-bred cats.

Methods

Brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution 0.1% (one or two drops; 58.6 ± 3.3 μg per drop) or a control solution (artificial tear solution) was administered to six healthy cats. Behavioural observations and measurements of HR, f_R, RT and MAP were recorded before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes after topical administration. Behavioural scores were analysed using Friedman’s test for repeated measures to evaluate the time effect in each treatment and treatment effect at each time point. Physiological variables (HR, f_R, RT and MAP) were analysed using two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures to evaluate the time and treatment effects. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Dose-dependent behavioural and physiological responses were noted. A dose of two drops of brimonidine resulted in sedation in the cats and decreased HR and MAP. Significant sedative effects occurred between 30 and 120 minutes and for physiological responses up to 360 minutes. The most frequent adverse reaction was vomiting, occurring within 40 minutes in all six cats administered two drops and five of the six cats administered one drop of brimonidine.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The results demonstrated that ocular administration of brimonidine 0.1% ophthalmic solution induced sedation in cats and some cardiovascular effects usually associated with α₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Further studies should be performed to determine clinical applications for this agent in cats.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural evidence that the negative feedback mechanism of the pituitary-thyroid axis can operate without the hypothalamus in fetal rats: observation of thyroid follicular cells     

M Shirai  K Arishima  M Yamamoto  Y Ueda  Y Eguchi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(2):244-250

Hypothalamus-independent negative feedback mechanism of the pituitary-thyroid axis was studied by electron microscopic observation of thyroid follicular cells of encephalectomized or hypophysectomized fetal rats under hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). Fetal hypophysectomy or encephalectomy was performed on day 19 of gestation. Mother rats were given either a daily amount of 40 mg PTU or saline alone on the day of operation and on the next day. On day 21, their fetuses were obtained. As a result, PTU induced marked goiters even in encephalectomized fetuses, the goiters being comparable in weight to those induced in littermate intact fetuses. Electron microscopically, the follicular lumen was narrowed, microvilli were lengthened with a marked increase in number, and rER was extremely expanded. Follicular cells often confined colloid droplets and lysosomes. Fetal hypophysectomy, even in PTU-treatment, caused a reduction in the thyroid weight, accompanied by flattening of follicular cells, shortening of microvilli, widening of follicular lumen, and shrinkage of rER. These findings would support the view that the negative feedback mechanism of the pituitary-thyroid axis can operate without the hypothalamus in fetal rats.  相似文献   

Distribution and morphology of brilliant cells in bovine endometritis (author's transl)]     

W Shirai  S Kure  T Kashima  T Sato  T Saito  F Yamada  D Nakabayashi  K Sakurai 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1979,41(3):299-306

  相似文献   

A case of pulmonary acariasis in lung of Japanese macaque   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hiraoka E  Sato T  Shirai W  Kimura J  Nogami S  Itou M  Shimizu K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(1):87-89

A 20-year-old female Japanese macaque, weighing 8.7 kg, developed severe pulmonary acariasis. Numerous whitish nodules, 2-4 mm, were scattered throughout the lungs. Histologically multifocal granulomatous lesions consisting of a large number of eosinophils, epithelioid cells, foreign body type giant cells, and collagen fibers were aggregated around the mait bodies. Numerous mast cells were also detected in the lesions by toluidine blue staining, and tested positive for tryptase by immunohistochemistry. This may be the first reported case of severe pulmonary acariasis in a Japanese macaque.  相似文献   

Cold-induced ascites in broiler chickens and its improvement by temperature-controlled rearing   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Sato T  Tezuka K  Shibuya H  Watanabe T  Kamata H  Shirai W 《Avian diseases》2002,46(4):989-996

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), also known as ascites, in broiler chickens prevailed in the local area of Ibaraki prefecture, Japan, and was investigated epidemiologically, serologically, and pathologically. PHS developed in chickens older than 35 days of age when rapid increase of body weight started. Approximately 90% of affected birds were males, in which weight increase was greater than in females. Serologic test revealed that PHS broilers had an increase of hematocrit value. Pathologic studies indicated that the heart of affected birds had an obese-induced pressure and cold exposure triggered congestion in the right ventricle/cava and an increase in peritoneal fluid. These changes were consistent with the previous reports of PHS, so we designed the experiment of effects on cold-induced PHS birds in a temperature-controlled house. After the 10 PHS birds at 55 days were reared for 14 days in a temperature-controlled house at 20 +/- 5 C, ascites disappeared in eight birds and hematocrit values decreased to normal range in nine birds. Our finding indicated that temperature-controlled environment may be one solution to reduce mortality in PHS birds.  相似文献   

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic chordoma in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)     

Toshie ISERI  Junichiro SHIMIZU  Hideo AKIYOSHI  Kayo KUSUDA  Akiyoshi HAYASHI  Keiichiro MIE  Takeshi IZAWA  Mitsuru KUWAMURA  Jyoji YAMATE  Yuka FUJIMOTO  Fumihito OHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):857-860

A Bengal tiger was presented for evaluation of weakness, ataxia and inappetance. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass extending from the T7-8 vertebral body to the left rib and compressing the spinal cord. On CT, the bone destruction and sequestrum were shown. On MRI, the multilobulated mass appeared hypo- to isointense in T1-weighted and hyperintense in T2-weighted images. The tiger died after imaging, most likely from renal failure. Chordoma without metastasis was diagnosed on necropsy. The imaging characteristics were similar to those found in chordoma in humans. This report describes the use of CT and MRI in an exotic species.  相似文献   

Prevalence of crown trauma in free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in central Brazil     

Furtado MM  Kashivakura CK  Ferro C  Jácomo AT  Silveira L  Astete S  Lopes FM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2007,24(4):231-234

Nineteen free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) were captured in central Brazil from April through November 2003. Oral cavity examination revealed 34 teeth with crown trauma in twelve animals. Canine teeth were most commonly affected (44.2%), followed by premolar (29.4%) and incisor teeth (26.5%). Trauma to maxillary teeth (67.7%) was more frequent compared with mandibular teeth (32.3 %). The majority of dental fractures were located at the cuspid portion of the crown (56.0%). Slab fractures were the most frequent type (37.0%), followed by horizontal (24.0%), oblique (24.0%) and longitudinal fractures (15.0%). Complicated crown fracture (pulp exposure) was diagnosed in 13 (38.2%) of these teeth while pulpitis noted by tooth discoloration was diagnosed in 8 (23.5%) teeth.  相似文献   

Improvement in the feeding activity, early growth and survival of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae fed a casein peptide-based microdiet supplemented with inosine monophosphate     

Yutaka Haga  Toshihito Naiki  Youhei Tazaki  Takaaki Shirai  Yusuke Takaki  Yosuke Tanaka  Kazunori Kumon  Satoshi Shiozawa  Shukei Masuma  Toshihiro Nakamura  Shuzo Ishida  Toshio Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(2):245-253

Two feeding experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a 5′-inosine monophosphate (IMP)-supplemented casein peptide-based microdiet (MD) on the feeding activity, growth and survival of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) larvae. PBT larvae [total length: 14.0 mm (Exp. 1) or 13.3 mm (Exp. 2)] were fed a casein peptide-based MD supplemented with or without 3% IMP for 12 days. As a negative control, a limited number of yolk-sac larvae of spangled emperor Lethrinus nebulosus were fed only for the first 7 days and starved for the next 5 days. A sufficient amount of yolk-sac larvae of spangled emperor was fed in the Exp. 2. All fish in the control group had died by 9 or 10 days after the experiment. Extensive mortality was observed in fish fed the MD. The MD was only found in the stomach contents of PBT fed the MD + IMP. Of the fish fed an IMP-supplemented diet, 50% survived for 12 days after the initiation of both feeding experiments. In addition, significantly higher growth than that observed during the first 7 days was seen in the PBT in the IMP treatment after 12 days of the feeding experiment. These results suggest that the supplementation of casein peptide-based MD with IMP could improve the feeding activity, survival and growth performance of PBT.  相似文献   

Soil properties that determine the mortality and growth of Haloxylon aphyllum in the Aral region,Kazakhstan     

Kayo Matsui  Tetsuhiro Watanabe  Maira Kussainova  Shinya Funakawa 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(1):37-54

Black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum) is a native tree species tolerant of aridity and salinity. It is planted to alleviate environmental damage due to the formation of the Aralkum desert and improve vegetation of the Aral Sea region. To investigate the environmental factors that determine seedling mortality and growth after rooting, we focused on soil properties and topographic factors in a study plot. We found that a hard clay layer that was low in hydraulic conductivity underlay accumulated sandy sediments at different depths. The soil in low seedling mortality areas was consistently sandy and low in salinity from the surface to a depth of 100 cm. In areas of high seedling mortality (75–100%), soils with a high content of silt and clay, with high salinity were detected within 100 cm depths. This suggests that accumulated sand sediment over a depth of 100 cm is required for root development. Plant height was positively correlated with depth of the hard clay layer. Significant relationships with plant height were also detected in chemical and physical properties at 80–100 cm such as electric conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and sand ratio. However, these properties had no significant relationship at 0–20 cm or with the relative elevation of the plot, suggesting that the subsequent growth of seedlings depends more on the sub-soil environment than on-surface conditions. The assessment of sub-soil condition is recommended to make site selection for reforestation much more reliable.  相似文献   

Microarray-based gene expression analysis combined with laser capture microdissection is beneficial in investigating the modes of action of ocular toxicity     

Makoto Shirai  Noriyo Niino  Kazuhiko Mori  Kiyonori Kai 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2022,35(2):171

The retina consists of several layers, and drugs can affect the retina and choroid separately. Therefore, investigating the target layers of toxicity can provide useful information pertaining to its modes of action. Herein, we compared gene expression profiles obtained via microarray analyses using samples of target layers collected via laser capture microdissection and samples of the whole globe of the eye of rats treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Pathway analyses suggested changes in the different pathways between the laser capture microdissection samples and the whole globe samples. Consistent with the histological distribution of glial cells, upregulation of several inflammation-related pathways was noted only in the whole globe samples. Individual gene expression analyses revealed several gene expression changes in the laser capture microdissection samples, such as caspase- and glycolysis-related gene expression changes, which is similar to previous reports regarding N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-treated animals; however, caspase- and glycolysis-related gene expressions did not change or changed unexpectedly in the whole globe samples. Analyses of the laser capture microdissection samples revealed new potential candidate genes involved in the modes of action of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinal toxicity. Collectively, our results suggest that specific retinal layers, which may be targeted by specific toxins, are beneficial in identifying genes responsible for drug-induced ocular toxicity.  相似文献