Cardiopulmonary function during supramaximal exercise in hypoxia,normoxia and hyperoxia in Thoroughbred horses     

Hajime OHMURA  Kazutaka MUKAI  Akira MATSUI  Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI  James H. JONES 《Journal of Equine Science》2020,31(4):67

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Equine sarcoid of the glans penis with bovine papillomavirus type 1 in a miniature horse (Falabella)     

Kikumi OGIHARA  Akikazu ISHIHARA  Makoto NAGAI  Kazutaka YAMADA  Testuya MIZUTANI  Mei HARAFUJI  Hisanari NISHIO  Hiroo MADARAME 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):1016

A 23-year-old Falabella gelding kept in Tochigi, Japan, for more than 20 years presented with a recurrent mass of the glans penis that was first noticed about a year earlier. Partial phallectomy was performed with no adjunctive therapy for local regrowth of the mass. The horse was euthanized 3 months after surgery for urinary retention due to suspected regrowth. The resected mass affected the genital and urethral mucosa of the glans penis, and was diagnosed as equine sarcoid by histopathology and identification of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the BPV genome of the sarcoid showed high sequence homology to BPV type 1 (BPV-1) from Hokkaido, Japan, suggesting a geographical relationship for BPV-1 in Japan.  相似文献   

BRONCHOCUTANEOUS FISTULA IN A DOG     

Norio  Yamagishi  DVM  PhD  Kazutaka  Yamada  DVM  PhD  Hiroshi  Ishikawa  DVM  PhD  Haruo  Yamada  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(5):422-424

A dog with a bronchocutaneous fistula is described. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was useful for diagnosis and treatment of the fistula in this dog.  相似文献   

Effect of substituting soybean meal with euglena (Euglena gracilis) on methane emission and nitrogen efficiency in sheep     

Ashagrie Aemiro  Shota Watanabe  Kengo Suzuki  Masaaki Hanada  Kazutaka Umetsu  Takehiro Nishida 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):71-80

This study evaluated methane (CH₄) emission, intake, digestibility, and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed diets containing replacement levels (0%, 33%, 50%, and 67% of soybean meal with euglena). In this experiment, four Corriedale wether sheep with an initial body weight of 53.8 ± 4.6 were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. This experiment lasted 84 days, divided into four experimental periods. Each period lasted 21 days, which consists of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 5 days to collect samples, and 2 days to collect gas emission from sheep. Methane emission expressed as L/kg DM intake or g/kg DM intake reduced by up to 37% and the energy loss via CH₄ (% of GE intake) reduced by up to 34%. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in DM and OM intake and whole tract apparent DM digestibility due to substitution of soybean meal with euglena. The total CP loss reduced significantly (linear, p < 0.001) and CP efficiency increased linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing concentration of euglena. As a result, nitrogen balance and average daily weight gain remained unchanged despite higher nitrogen concentration in soybean supplemented group. In conclusion, substitution of soybean meal with euglena reduced methane emission without affecting the performance of animals.  相似文献   

Factors enabling Epinotia granitalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) overwintered larvae to escape from oleoresin mortality in Cryptomeria japonica trees in comparison with Semanotus japonicus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)     

Kazutaka Kato 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(3):205-210

The factors involved in the successful escape of overwintered larvae of Epinotia granitalis from host oleoresin in the phloem of Cryptomeria japonica were studied. The mortality, period, and body weight of E. granitalis overwintered larvae while feeding on the phloem of C. japonica were compared with the same parameters for Semanotus japonicus larvae. The seasonal fluctuation in the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals in the phloem was also assessed. The oleoresin mortality of E. granitalis was low compared with that of S. japonicus. Although both species started feeding on approximately the same date in spring, the feeding period of E. granitalis was only about 24 days, showing that E. granitalis faced the danger of host oleoresin for a shorter period than S. japonicus. The larval weight of E. granitalis was consistently greater than that of S. japonicus through the phloem-feeding period of E. granitalis, and the growth rate was also higher in E. granitalis, suggesting that E. granitalis had a better ability to avoid host oleoresin. These results demonstrated that not only the feeding habits, that is, the tendency of a single larva to feed at several sites, but also the shorter feeding period and larger body size were probably the important factors facilitating escape of E. granitalis from host oleoresin mortality. Furthermore, the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals increased after the starting date of larval feeding in spring. Because E. granitalis finished feeding before the culmination of the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals, it was likely that the shorter feeding period was the most important factor in enabling E. granitalis to escape from mortality by host oleoresin.  相似文献   

Transepithelial transport of alpha-lipoic acid across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers     

Takaishi N  Yoshida K  Satsu H  Shimizu M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5253-5259

Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is used in dietary supplements or food with antioxidative functions. The mechanism for the intestinal absorption of alpha-lipoic acid was investigated in this study by using human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. LA was rapidly transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayers, this transport being energy-dependent, suggesting transporter-mediated transport to be the mechanism involved. The LA transport was strongly dependent on the pH value, being accelerated in the acidic pH range. Furthermore, such monocarboxylic acids as benzoic acid and medium-chain fatty acids significantly inhibited LA transport, suggesting that a proton-linked monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) was involved in the intestinal transport of LA. The conversion of LA to the more antioxidative dihydrolipoic acid was also apparent during the transport process.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary energy levels on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep     

Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Martin N. SHEM  Kazutaka NAKAMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(5):441-445

The effect of dietary energy levels on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was investigated in sheep fed hay and concentrate diets. In addition, the possibility of using PD concentrations in spot samples of urine as a useful tool for determining daily PD excretion was also examined. Three female lambs (mean bodyweight (BW) ± standard error, 31.4 ± 1.0 kg) were fed three diets consisting of timothy hay (20 g dry matter/kg BW per day) and rolled barley at three different energy levels (low‐energy (LE), medium‐energy (ME) and high‐energy (HE) at 1.0‐, 1.2‐ and 1.5‐fold greater than the maintenance level of energy (450 KJ/BW^0.75/day), respectively) in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary protein level was almost constant (380 mg nitrogen/BW^0.75/day as digestible crude protein base) and was adjusted using soybean protein. Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) increased (P < 0.05) with an increase in the dietary energy level and there was a difference (P < 0.05) in the organic matter digestibility between the LE and HE diets. For urinary PD excretion, the differences between the LE and ME diets and the HE diet were significant (P < 0.05), although there was no clear difference between the LE and ME diets. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.47, P < 0.05) between urinary PD excretion and DOMI. There was also a correlation (r = 0.59, P < 0.05) between the urinary PD level at 7–8 h after the morning feed and the daily total PD excretion, suggesting that the PD level in spot urine samples could be useful for estimating microbial protein synthesized in the rumen and/or digested in the lower gut.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton uptake and growth rate in the Japanese egg cockle Fulvia mutica     

Sou Nagasoe  Tetsuji Hisada  Goh Nishitani  Hiroyuki Takeuchi  Kazutaka Sakiyama 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):359-375

To clarify the relationship between the quantity of food ingested by and the growth rate of the Japanese egg cockle Fulvia mutica (Reeve), we conducted a laboratory breeding experiment for 2 weeks and estimated the chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations in water and the increments in shell length and soft-body weight of this species under five chl-a concentrations. Moreover, we compared the relationship between cockle growth (changes in soft-body weight and shell length) and their feeding environment observed in the laboratory experiment with the results of a field investigation conducted at two sites in the Sea of Japan, Kumihama Bay (35°38′5″ N, 134°54′00″ E) and Kunda Bay (35°33′30″ N, 135°15′4″ E). The changes in soft-body weight were similar in both laboratory and field investigations, but those in shell length were not. We, therefore, considered shell length changes as unsuitable for evaluating the relationship between growth and feeding in F. mutica. Based on the changes in soft-body weight, it was possible to classify the feeding environment of this species into the following three types: (1) < 1.52 μg chl-a L−1, negative feeding environment for cockle growth; (2) 1.52–5.71 μg chl-a L−1, neutral feeding environment for cockle growth; (3) > 5.71 μg chl-a L−1, positive feeding environment for cockle growth (growth increased with increasing chl-a concentration up to about 11 μg chl-a L−1). These results indicate that maintaining chl-a concentration in the breeding water within 5.71–11 μg chl-a L−1 is desirable for rearing Japanese egg cockle.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of the predation of marine ranched striped jack <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudocaranx dentex</Emphasis> by herons     

Harunao Nibe  Naoki Suzuki  Kazutaka Sakiyama  Shinsuke Morioka  Atsushi Ohno 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):473-480

The Goto station of the Japan Sea-Farming Association conducted marine ranching experiments with striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex from 1988 to 1999 in the Goto Islands, Nagasaki, Japan. Marine ranching is a stocking method where released fish are fed for some period after release in order to decrease initial mortality from starvation. Ranched fish were fed for 0, 90, and 15 days after stocking in 1997, 1998, and 1999, respectively. During the experiment, herons (grey heron Ardea cinerea, black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax, and great egret Egretta alba) were often observed preying on released fish in the ranching area. The present study estimated the number of fish preyed upon by herons during observation periods in 1997, 1998, and 1999 from the number of herons that flew into the ranching area and the predation rate on ranched fish by herons. The former was counted during sightings. The latter was estimated from the sighting observations and heron regurgitations. The number of herons that flew into the ranching area increased with the feeding period. The numbers of fish lost to predation by herons in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were estimated to be 0, 5,741, and 829, respectively.  相似文献   

Lumbosacral myelography in dogs--a safer technique     

Iseri T  Yamada K  Ueno H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(1):71-72

In search of a safer myelographic technique, we performed myelography via the lumbosacral intervertebral space. Eight dogs, in which the backflow of cerebrospinal fluid was observed, received contrast media via the lumbosacral intervertebral space. The subarachnoid contrast columns were successfully observed in 6 dogs. During and after examination, no physiological changes or neurological signs were observed. We recommend that the lumbosacral intervertebral space be selected first before implementing the conventional lumbar myelography.  相似文献