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151.
Stimulatory effect of plasma samples from fattening cattle on adipogenesis‐related gene expression in preadipocyte cells
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Noriaki Shoji Ryo Saito Tatsuya Nakano Kazuki Saito Keisuke Sumiyoshi Michael T. Rose Natumi Okada Kouichi Watanabe Hisashi Aso 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(7):698-706
It is desirable to produce beef with high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), as this is related to fat softness and palatability. However, the physiology of MUFA synthesis in bovine fat during the fattening process remains to be established. In this study, in order to elucidate the relationship between plasma components and the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat, we investigated the effect of plasma obtained from fattening cattle on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of the adipogenesis‐related gene in a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte line (BIP cells). The mRNA expressions of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, adipocyte Protein 2, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 in BIP cells were significantly higher following treatment with those plasma samples collected from the cattle with the highest diaphragmatic unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio (US/S). Furthermore, the concentration of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) in the plasma samples had an inverse correlation with carcass diaphragmatic US/S. These results indicate that cattle with a low ratio of US/S in fat may be discriminated from the population of fattening cattle before slaughter by measuring the effect of their plasma on gene expression in BIP cells as well as their plasma concentration and composition of NEFA. 相似文献
152.
Seki S Kouya T Hara T Valdez DM Jin B Kasai M Edashige K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(3):597-604
Movement of water and cryoprotectants through the plasma membrane needs to be accelerated for successful cryopreservation of zebrafish oocytes/embryos, which are much larger than their mammalian counterparts. Aquaporin-3 is a water/solute channel that can transport not only water but also various cryoprotectants. In this study, we attempted to increase the permeability of immature zebrafish oocytes at stage III to water and cryoprotectants by exogenous expression of rat aquaporin-3. Immature zebrafish oocytes were injected with rat aquaporin-3 cRNA and cultured for 5-12 h. Permeability to water and cryoprotectants was then determined based on changes in the volumes of the oocytes in a hypertonic sucrose solution and various cryoprotectant solutions at 25 C. The permeability to water of the aquaporin-3 cRNA-injected oocytes was three times higher than that of intact and water-injected oocytes. The permeability of the aquaporin-3 cRNA-injected oocytes to ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, and DMSO was also 2-4 times higher than that of intact oocytes. Thus, the permeability of immature zebrafish oocytes to water and cryoprotectants was enhanced by exogenous expression of aquaporin-3. Cryopreservation of teleost oocytes may be realized through a further increase in permeability. 相似文献
153.
Endoh K Mochida K Ogonuki N Ohkawa M Shinmen A Ito M Kashiwazaki N Ogura A 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(6):1199-1206
Assessment of the developmental ability of oocytes following freezing and thawing is an important step for optimizing oocyte cryopreservation techniques. However, the in vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes is often inefficient because of incomplete capacitation of spermatozoa in the absence of surrounding cumulus cells. This study was undertaken to determine whether the oocyte cryopreservation efficiency of different strains of mice could be assessed from the development of oocytes following parthenogenetic activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Oocytes were collected from hybrid (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F1 or inbred (C57BL/6J, C3H/HeN, DBA/2J and BALB/cA) strains and were vitrified in a solution containing ethylene glycol, DMSO, Ficoll and sucrose. In the first series of experiments, oocytes were activated parthenogenetically by Sr(2+) treatment after warming. The oocytes from the inbred strains, but not those of the F1 hybrid, were diploidized by cytochalasin treatment to obtain a sufficient number of blastocysts. In all strains tested, parthenogenetic embryos derived from vitrified oocytes developed into blastocysts at rates between 23 and 68%. In the second series of experiments, vitrified oocytes from each strain were injected with homologous spermatozoa after warming. Normal offspring were obtained from all strains at rates between 5 and 26% per embryo transferred. Thus, the feasibility of oocyte cryopreservation protocols can be assessed easily by in vitro development of parthenogenetic embryos or by in vivo development of ICSI embryos. Moreover, the oocytes of these four major inbred strains of mice can be cryopreserved safely for production of offspring. 相似文献
154.
Intensive rice farming in aerobic soil, referred to herein as aerobic rice, can greatly reduce the water input compared to that of flooded rice cultivation. The objective of this study was to compare the potential productivity of aerobic rice and flooded rice using high-yielding varieties at two locations in Japan in two successive years. In aerobic fields, the total amount of water supplied (irrigation plus rainfall) was 800–1300 mm. The soil water potential at 20-cm depth averaged between −15 and −30 kPa each growing season, but frequently reached −60 kPa. The average yield under aerobic conditions was similar to or even higher than that achieved with flooded conditions (7.9 t ha−1 in 2007 and 9.4 t ha−1 in 2008 for aerobic versus 8.2 t ha−1 for flooded). The average water productivity under aerobic conditions was 0.8–1.0 kg grain m−3 water, slightly higher than common values in the literature. The super-high-yielding cultivar Takanari achieved yields greater than 10 t ha−1 with no yield penalty under aerobic conditions in 3 out of 4 experiments. The favorable agronomic characteristic of Takanari was its ample sink capacity (grain number × grain weight). In conclusion, high-productivity rice cultivation in aerobic soil is a promising technology for water conservation. With continued breeding, future aerobic rice varieties will possess large numbers of spikelets and sufficient adaptation to aerobic conditions such that they will consistently achieve yields comparable to the potential yield of flooded rice. 相似文献
155.
Toyozo Sato Jun Okamoto Yosuke Degawa Shigeru Matsunari Kokichi Takahashi Keisuke Tomioka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):46-51
In some areas of Japan, yellow spots with white pustules on leaves, stems, petioles, peduncles and calyces were found on Ipomoea nil, I. triloba, I. lacunosa and I. hederacea var. integriuscula. We demonstrated that the diseases on I. nil, I. triloba and I. lacunosa were caused by host-specific strains of Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae and defined three forma speciales of the fungus, respectively, for the three Ipomoea species: “f. sp. nile”, “f. sp. trilobae” and “f. sp. lacunosae”. Because the diseases were new to Japan, we coined the Japanese name “shirosabi-byo”, which means white rust. We also showed
that the disease on I. hederacea var. integriuscula was caused by A. ipomoeae-hardwickii. We named this new disease “white rust (shirosabi-byo in Japanese)”. 相似文献
156.
Keisuke Tokimoto Masaki Fukuda Teruyuki Matsumoto Yukitaka Fukumasa-Nakai 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(6):469-472
Mycelial protoplasts of two compatible monokaryons ofLentinula edodes were prepared, and electro-fusion was undertaken. Sixteen dikaryons isolated after the electrofusion were tested for their fruiting abilities in comparison to the two dikaryons obtained by reciprocal mycelial mating. There were significant differences in fruiting body yield among the fusants, and some of them produced more fruiting bodies than did normally mated dikaryons. Although these dikaryons were divided into five genetically different groups by isozyme analyses and a cluster analysis, we could not find clear differences among the groups in terms of fruiting body yield, mycelial growth rate, or degree of wood decay. It appeared that fruiting body yield correlated positively with the mycelial growth rate but negatively with the degree of wood decay. 相似文献
157.
Masuda Yoshitsugu Shima Yasuhiro Tamaru Osamu Takahashi Yuki Ohmura Yoshihiro Iwasaki Takashi Kamoshida Masaaki Arimoto Misao Yamano Keisuke Yatabe Takashi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1045-1054
Fisheries Science - Morphological deformities of the jaw and vertebrae arise as hindrances to seed production of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. To obtain basic information related to development... 相似文献
158.
Analysis of yield attributes and crop physiological traits of Liangyoupeijiu,a hybrid rice recently bred in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Crop physiological traits of Liangyoupeijiu, a “super” hybrid rice variety recently bred in China, were compared with those of Takanari and Nipponbare in 2003 and 2004 in Kyoto, Japan. Liangyoupeijiu showed a significantly higher grain yield than Nipponbare in both years, and achieved a grain yield of 11.8 t ha−1 in 2004, which is the highest yield observed under environmental conditions in Kyoto. Liangyoupeijiu had longer growth duration and larger leaf area duration (LAD) before heading, causing larger biomass accumulation before heading than the other two varieties. Liangyoupeijiu had a large number of grains and translocated a large amount of carbohydrates from the vegetative organ to the panicle during the grain filling period. The three yield components measured were panicle weight at heading (P0), the amount of carbohydrates translocated from the leaf and stem to the panicle during the grain filling period (ΔT), and the newly assimilated carbohydrates during grain filling (ΔW). It was found that the sum of P0 and ΔT were strongly correlated with grain yield when all the data (n = 8) were combined (r = 0.876**). However, there was no significant difference in the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of the whole growth period between Liangyoupeijiu and Nipponbare for both years. Even though the growth duration was shorter, Takanari, an indica/japonica cross-bred variety, showed a similar yield to Liangyoupeijiu in both years. The mean RUE of the whole growth period was significantly higher in Takanari, 1.60 and 1.64 g MJ−1 in 2003 and 2004, respectively, than in Liangyoupeijiu, which had a RUE of 1.46 and 1.52 g MJ−1 in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The high grain yield of Takanari was mainly due to its high RUE compared with Liangyoupeijiu and its large P0 and ΔT. Our result showed that the high grain yield of Liangyoupeijiu was due to its large biomass accumulation before heading, which resulted from its large LAD rather than its RUE. 相似文献
159.
Identification of QTLs controlling rice drought tolerance at seedling stage in hydroponic culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
‘Drought avoidance’ and ‘drought tolerance’ are two mechanisms by which plants adapt under water stress. These mechanisms
are difficult to evaluate separately in field experiments. Using hydroponic culture, we studied the genetic control of drought
tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) without the effect of drought avoidance. A backcross inbred population of ‘Akihikari’ (lowland cultivar) × ‘IRAT109’
(upland cultivar) with 106 lines was cultured with (stressed condition) and without (non-stressed condition) polyethylene
glycol (PEG) at seedling stage. The relative growth rate (RGR), specific water use (SWU), and water use efficiency (WUE) showed
significant genotype × environment interactions with or without PEG, indicating that each line responded differently to water
stress. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed that these interactions were QTL specific. A total of three QTLs
on chromosomes 2, 4, and 7 were detected for RGR. The QTL on chromosome 7 had a constant effect across environments, while
the QTL on chromosome 4 had an effect only under non-stressed condition and that on chromosome 2 only under stressed condition.
The stress-specific QTL on chromosome 2 was not co-located with any QTLs for root system depth previously reported from the
same mapping population. However, this QTL was co-located with a stress-specific QTL for SWU, suggesting that the control
of transpiration was relevant to dry matter production under drought. We concluded that PEG-treated hydroponic culture is
very effective for use in genetic analyses of drought tolerance at seedling stage. 相似文献
160.