Evaluation of sprayed hypochlorous acid solutions for their virucidal activity against avian influenza virus through in vitro experiments     

Hakimullah HAKIM  Chanathip THAMMAKARN  Atsushi SUGURO  Yuki ISHIDA  Akinobu KAWAMURA  Miho TAMURA  Keisuke SATOH  Misato TSUJIMURA  Tomomi HASEGAWA  Kazuaki TAKEHARA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):211-215

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions were evaluated for their virucidal ability against a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV), H7N1. HOCl solutions containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm chlorine (pH 6) or their sprayed solutions (harvested in dishes placed at 1 or 30 cm distance between the spray nozzle and dish) were mixed with the virus with or without organic materials (5% fetal bovine serum: FBS). Under plain diluent conditions (without FBS), harvested solutions of HOCl after spraying could decrease the AIV titer by more than 1,000 times, to an undetectable level (< 2.5 log10TCID₅₀/ml) within 5 sec, with the exception of the 50 ppm solution harvested after spraying at the distance of 30 cm. Under the dirty conditions (in the presence of 5% FBS), they lost their virucidal activity. When HOCl solutions were sprayed directly on the virus on rayon sheets for 10 sec, the solutions of 100 and 200 ppm could inactivate AIV immediately after spraying, while 50 ppm solution required at least 3 min of contact time. In the indirect spray form, after 10 sec of spraying, the lids of the dishes were opened to expose the virus on rayon sheets to HOCl. In this form, the 200 ppm solution inactivated AIV within 10 min of contact, while 50 and 100 ppm could not inactivate it. These data suggest that HOCl can be used in spray form to inactivate AIV at the farm level.  相似文献   

Modifications of azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis and 90-day oral toxicities of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone as a radiolytic product of stearic acid in F344 rats     

Makoto Sato  Setsuko Todoriki  Tetsuyuki Takahashi  Ezar Hafez  Chie Takasu  Hisanori Uehara  Kohji Yamakage  Takashi Kondo  Kozo Matsumoto  Masakazu Furuta  Keisuke Izumi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):99-107

A 90-day oral toxicity test in rats was performed to evaluate the toxicity of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB), a unique radiolytic product of stearic acid. Six-week-old male and female F344 rats (n=15/group) were given 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 12, 60 and 300 ppm in a powder diet for 13 weeks. Slight dose-dependent increases in serum total protein and albumin in male rats were found, but these changes were not considered to be a toxic effect. The fasting, but not non-fasting, blood glucose levels of the male rats in the 300 ppm group and female rats in the 60 and 300 ppm groups were lower than those of the controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed dose-dependent accumulation of 2-tDCB in adipose tissue, notably in males. Next, we performed an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced two-stage carcinogenesis study. After injection of 6-week-old male F344 rats (n=30/group) once a week for 3 weeks, the animals received 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm in a powder diet for 25 weeks. The incidences of colon tumors for the 2-tDCB dosages were 34%, 45%, 40% and 37%, respectively, and were not statistically significant. These data suggest that 2-tDCB shows no toxic or tumor-modifying effects under the present conditions, and that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for 2-tDCB is 300 ppm in both sexes, equivalent to 15.5 mg/kg b.w./day in males and 16.5 mg/kg b.w./day in females.  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of a support system for forest education     

Mitsutoshi Abe  Tetsuhiko Yoshimura  Naoki Yasukawa  Keisuke Koba  Kazuyuki Moriya  Tetsuro Sakai 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(1):43-50

Field education programs have been conducted throughout the world because learning through experience is an important process in environmental and forest education. We developed a support system for forest education that consists mainly of a Global Positioning System (GPS) and personal digital assistant (PDA). Moreover, field experiments were conducted to evaluate educational efficacy as well as usability of the developed system. Through a post-questionnaire the developed system was highly evaluated in terms of educational efficacy and enjoyment. On the other hand, the questionnaire revealed the need for technical improvements. For example, the drawing function, which involves the use of a stylus pen, was the most poorly evaluated because a drawing could not be partially erased as with an eraser and representation was not sufficiently accurate. In addition, positions where information on nature appeared were sometimes inaccurate due to positional errors caused by using the autonomous GPS. Some participants answered that walking with the developed system was also troublesome due to its shape and size. In fact, they did not feel comfortable about the cables connecting the GPS to the PDA and GPS to its antenna. Although there were some problems with the system, we believe that the field education program was successful because 95% of the participants answered that they would join a similar program again.  相似文献   

Proliferating effect of extracts from woods and fungi on rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells     

Keisuke Towatari  Ryuichiro Kondo  Kokki Sakai 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(5):410-413

Hair growth is a highly regulated cyclical process. Three distinct phases have been defined for the mammalian cycle: anagen (growing phase), catagen (regression phase), and telogen (resting phase). Although little is known about the mechanism that regulates the hair cycle, it is believed that dermal papillae (DP) derived from mesenchymal cells play an essential role in controlling the established hair follicle and hair cycle. The purpose of this investigation was to find the components of woods and fungi that exert a proliferative activity on DP cells. Results show that the fungus YL161 (ethyl acetate extract, 1ppm),Agaricus blazei (ethyl acetate extract, 0.1 ppm), and the bark ofCamptotheca cuminata (methanol extract of bark, 0.1 ppm) exhibit higher growth-promoting activity than pentadecanoic acid. These components that have a proliferative effect on DP cells may be useful hair growth-stimulating materials and can be used to understand the mechanism of hair growth.  相似文献   

Virtual forest: design and evaluation of a walk-through system for forest education   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mitsutoshi Abe  Tetsuhiko Yoshimura  Satoshi Koizumi  Naoto Hasegawa  Tomohiro Osaki  Naoki Yasukawa  Keisuke Koba  Kazuyuki Moriya  Tetsuro Sakai 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(3):189-197

Forest education is generally conducted in a real forest to provide learners a direct experience with reality. However, often it is not easy to participate in forest education programs carried out in remote places due to distance, limited time, or economic or physical restrictions. Therefore, we developed a walk-through system for forest education in a virtual forest and evaluated its educational efficacy as well as usability through indoor experiments. The virtual forest was constructed with omnidirectional images taken in a forest using a digital camera with an omnidirectional vision sensor. The results of the postquestionnaire showed that the developed system was highly evaluated by the participants in the experiments in terms of educational efficacy and enjoyment. Also, comparison of results of prequestionnaire and postquestionnaire showed that it had educational value. On the other hand, some technical problems in the developed system were revealed. For example, 45.0% of the participants answered that the walk-through in the virtual forest did not proceed with sufficient smoothness, and encountered unexpected slowdowns and stops. In addition, image quality was not high enough to identify small objects in the virtual forest. Regardless of these problems, we believe that the computer-based forest education was successful because 88.3% of the participants answered that they would like to join a similar program again and 90.0% answered that they would like to visit the real forest that the virtual forest imitated.  相似文献   

Fusarium root rot of prairie gentian caused by a species belonging to the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium solani</Emphasis> species complex     

Keisuke Tomioka  Yuuri Hirooka  Akane Takezaki  Takayuki Aoki  Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(2):132-135

Rotting of roots and stem bases and wilting of entire plants were found on a gentianaceous flowering plant, prairie gentian (Eustoma grandiflorum), grown in Kagawa Prefecture in the southwest region of Japan in April 2001. A mitosporic fungus, isolated repeatedly from the diseased plants, was identified as a species belonging to the clade 3 of Fusarium solani species complex based on the morphology and the sequence of the translation elongation factor gene. It was demonstrated to cause the disease by inoculating potted plants and reisolating the fungus from the diseased plants. We propose the name “Fusarium root rot of prairie gentian” for this disease.  相似文献   

Amino acid substitution at position 95 in rabies virus matrix protein affects viral pathogenicity     

Ito N  Mita T  Shimizu K  Ito Y  Masatani T  Nakagawa K  Yamaoka S  Abe M  Okadera K  Minamoto N  Sugiyama M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(10):1363-1366

We previously reported that rabies virus strain CE(NiM), but not the parental Ni-CE strain, killed mice after intracerebral inoculation. CE(NiM) and Ni-CE are genetically identical except for two amino acids at positions 29 and 95 in the M protein. In this study, to identify which residue determines the pathogenicity, we examined pathogenicities of two Ni-CE mutants, CE(NiM29) and CE(NiM95), which were established by replacement of an amino acid residue at position 29 or 95 in the Ni-CE M protein with the corresponding residue of CE(NiM), respectively. We found that CE(NiM95), but not CE(NiM29), killed mice, indicating that the amino acid at position 95 in the M protein is the pathogenic determinant.  相似文献   

Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Potentials of a Lectin from Aplysia kurodai (Sea Hare) Eggs     

Rubaiya Rafique Swarna  A. K. M. Asaduzzaman  Syed Rashel Kabir  Nawshin Arfin  Sarkar M. A. Kawsar  Sultana Rajia  Yuki Fujii  Yukiko Ogawa  Keisuke Hirashima  Nanae Kobayashi  Masao Yamada  Yasuhiro Ozeki  Imtiaj Hasan 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in lectins from marine invertebrates. In this study, the biological activities of a lectin protein isolated from the eggs of Sea hare (Aplysia kurodai) were evaluated. The 40 kDa Aplysia kurodai egg lectin (or AKL-40) binds to D-galacturonic acid and D-galactose sugars similar to previously purified isotypes with various molecular weights (32/30 and 16 kDa). The N-terminal sequence of AKL-40 was similar to other sea hare egg lectins. The lectin was shown to be moderately toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with an LC₅₀ value of 63.63 µg/mL. It agglutinated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and reduced their growth, up to 58.3% in vivo when injected into Swiss albino mice at a rate of 2 mg/kg/day. The morphology of these cells apparently changed due to AKL-40, while the expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, and Bcl-XL) suggested a possible apoptotic pathway of cell death. AKL-40 also inhibited the growth of human erythroleukemia cells, probably via activating the MAPK/ERK pathway, but did not affect human B-lymphoma cells (Raji) or rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-1). In vitro, lectin suppressed the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and U937 cells by 37.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Along with strong antifungal activity against Talaromyces verruculosus, AKL showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, and Bacillus cereus whereas the growth of Escherichia coli was not affected by the lectin. This study explores the antiproliferative and antimicrobial potentials of AKL as well as its involvement in embryo defense of sea hare.  相似文献   

Early dead ripe of bread wheat and durum wheat caused by Ophiosphaerella korrae and evaluation of the fungal influence on barley,rice, and soybean     

Tomioka  Keisuke  Sekiguchi  Hiroyuki  Nomiyama  Koji  Kawaguchi  Akira  Kawakami  Akira  Masunaka  Akira  Kobayashi  Hidekazu  Chiba  Masahiro  Nagata  Kenji  Ishikawa  Naoyuki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2021,87(5):273-280

Journal of General Plant Pathology - A ripening disorder with early blighting of foliage including spike bleaching was observed on bread wheat in May 2017 and durum wheat in May 2018 in...  相似文献   

Damping-off of soybean caused by Pythium myriotylum in Japan     

Keisuke Tomioka  Toshiaki Takehara  Hideki Osaki  Hiroyuki Sekiguchi  Koji Nomiyama  Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(2):162-164

Severe rotting and blight of seedlings of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., were found in Hiroshima Prefecture in the southwest region of Japan in July 2009. A filamentous microorganism, isolated repeatedly from the diseased seedlings and identified as Pythium myriotylum, was demonstrated to be pathogenic to seedlings of soybean. The disease was new in Japan, and we propose to include this oomycete as one of the pathogens causing damping-off of soybean.  相似文献