盐胁迫对桉树4个叶绿体基因表达的影响     

黄永健  蔡冠龙  潘东阳  黄真池 《东北林业大学学报》2019,47(10):12-15

盐胁迫严重影响桉树的存活和生长。以广林9号桉3月龄幼苗为材料,用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0、30、60、90、120、150mmol/L)连续灌根处理15d后,检测叶组织渗透势、叶绿素含量以及Rbcl、Accd、Ndhf、Matk4个叶绿体基因的转录情况,分析盐胁迫条件下桉树叶绿体基因的表达变化。随着NaCl浓度的增大:组织液渗透势呈上升趋势,叶绿素质量分数呈下降趋势,当NaCl浓度为150mmol/L时组织液渗透势达最高值,2136.4kPa,叶绿素质量分数最低,为2.80mg/g;Rbcl、Ndhf、Matk基因表达水平呈降低趋势,Accd基因的表达水平随盐浓度升高而呈上升趋势。90mmol/LNaCl使Accd、Ndhf、Matk基因表达应激性升高。150mmol/LNaCl严重抑制Rbcl、Ndhf、Matk基因的表达,却使Accd基因表达显著增强。结果表明:90mmol/LNaCl浓度是桉树短期耐受盐胁迫的临界点,叶绿体中不同类型基因响应盐胁迫的应答不同。  相似文献   

不同土地利用方式峰丛坡地土壤入渗特征及其模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李春茂  徐勤学  吴攀  韦蔚来 《水土保持研究》2019,(1):47-52,60

喀斯特峰丛坡地的水土过程基础研究相对短缺,阻碍了相关土壤水文机理认识和适合该区模型的构建。为探明峰丛坡地上土壤入渗性能及变化过程,提出适合峰丛坡地的土壤入渗模型,通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,研究了峰丛坡地上不同土地利用方式土壤的初渗率、稳渗率及平均入渗率,并利用Horton,Philip,Kostiakov及经验通用模型拟合其入渗过程并进行评价。结果表明:(1)峰丛坡地上灌木林地的土壤砂粒含量约占50%以上,土壤渗透性能较强,而梯田旱地黏粒含量较高、有机质含量低,土壤渗透性能较差。(2)不同土地利用土壤前期入渗率均较高,为1.33～3.17cm/min,随后入渗速率急剧下降82.2%～96.2%,在20min左右达到稳定入渗率。灌木林地的前期入渗率下降幅度最大,而裸石地和梯田旱地相对缓慢。(3)Horton模型适宜于描述喀斯特峰丛坡地的土壤入渗过程,Horton模型的初始入渗率和稳定入渗率与实测值较为接近,而Kostiakov和Philip模型的拟合值与实测值存在差距。本研究为进一步认识峰丛坡地土壤水分入渗机理及构建入渗模型提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

黄土斜坡优先流促滑机理研究现状及展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李鑫  卢玉东  范文  潘网生  张晓周  卢阳春 《水土保持通报》2019,39(1):294-301,324

[目的]对斜坡中因节理、裂隙、孔洞等优势通道的存在而发育的优先流所产生的促滑效应研究现状进行总结,以期引起学者重视优先流理论在斜坡地质灾害研究中的应用,为准确开展滑坡预测预警提供科学依据。[方法]从优先流的定义与类型出发,分析了优先流的众多影响因素,重点综述和评价了优先流对斜坡稳定性的影响、斜坡优先流探测技术以及稳定性评价模型方面的研究现状,总结了黄土斜坡优先流促滑致灾的4个发展阶段,并以典型滑坡作为实证,最后分析了优先流促滑作用机理研究中存在的问题。[结果]黄土斜坡优势渗流通道中普遍发育的优先流是有限降雨影响深度条件下斜坡失稳的合理解释,然而,优先流在滑坡致灾规律理论及应用上仍需更多实践检验。[结论]斜坡优先流是斜坡水文学、非饱和土力学、地质灾害学等相关学科方面一项重要的理论,多年来已取得不少成果,今后还需继续深入开展黄土斜坡优先流促滑效应研究,加强多学科交叉和新技术应用,来提高地质灾害科学预测与防治水平。  相似文献   

Comparison of Metabolic Profile Between Diapause-Destined and Non-Diapause-Destined Pupae of Bactrocera minax     

WANG Jia  WANG Pan  FAN Huan  LIU YingHong 《中国农业科学》2019,52(6):1021-1031

  相似文献   

施氮对不同肥力土壤小麦氮营养和产量的影响   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

杜盼  张娟娟  郭伟  马新明  郭建彪 《植物营养与肥料学报》2019,25(2):176-186

【目的】农田养分供应是由土壤基础肥力和肥料投入共同决定的,不同土壤肥力下土壤养分供应能力和特征也不同。本文研究了河南省高、低肥力田块下,不同施氮量对小麦主要生育时期植株氮素营养和土壤硝态氮及产量的影响,以期为河南省同类生产条件下氮肥的合理施用和产量的提升提供参考和依据。【方法】2015—2016年,以小麦品种矮抗58为供试材料进行大田试验,分别设置0、120、225、330 kg/hm^2 4个施氮处理(表示为N0、N1、N2、N3),在开花期到成熟期调查施氮量对土壤硝态氮及产量的影响;在开花期、花后10天和花后20天,测定施氮量对小麦旗叶到倒4叶的叶片氮含量、SPAD值和氮素积累量,以及对植株和所有叶片氮含量的影响。【结果】从开花期到成熟期土壤中硝态氮含量随着施氮量的增加而增加,高肥力田块的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于低肥力田块的土壤硝态氮含量。施氮能显著增加低肥力田块产量,但是高肥力田块的产量均高于低肥力田块,与不施氮相比,低肥力田块的产量最大增幅是高肥力田块产量最大增幅的2.63倍。N1和N2处理下,在开花期和花后10天倒2叶的SPAD值高肥力田块显著高于低肥力田块,但在花后20天低肥力田块显著高于高肥力田块。在N1、N2和N3处理下,旗叶的氮含量在花后10天高肥力田块显著高于低肥力田块,但在花后20天则显著相反。开花期到花后20天,对于低肥力田块旗叶的氮素积累量对上4叶的贡献率最大(N0除外),最高达52.6%;高肥力田块,旗叶和倒2叶对上4叶的氮素积累量贡献率处在同等重要的位置,最高分别达39.9%和39.7%。花后10天到花后20天,高肥力田块不同叶位的氮素转运量和转运率均高于低肥力田块(N0除外)。【结论】增施氮肥可以通过提高土壤硝态氮含量来提高土壤供氮能力,高肥力田块的叶片转运量和转运率比低肥力田块高,低肥力田块通过提高施氮量增加的产量低于高肥力田块下的产量,因此,需改善农田基础肥力来提高产量。通过对高、低肥力条件下产量的分析发现,达到最高产量时的施氮量分别为213kg/hm^2和287 kg/hm^2。  相似文献   

Role of nitrogen supplementation in alleviating drought‐associated growth and metabolic impairments in Phoebe zhennan seedlings     

Akash Tariq  Kaiwen Pan  Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji  Corina Graciano  Ningning Li  Zilong Li  Dagang Song  Feng Sun  Meta Francis Justine  Dan Huang  Shanxing Gong  Bikram Pandey  Muhammad Idrees  Mohammed A. Dakhil 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):586-596

Drought is one of the major environmental stresses altering forest productivity. However, nutrient availability can modulate drought resistance. Phoebe zhennan (gold Phoebe) is a high‐quality timber‐producing but threatened tree species in China, facing serious anthropogenic disturbances and abiotic constraints that restrict its growth and development. However, little attention has been given to designing adaptive strategies for its management by evaluating the possible role of major nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), on its morphological and physio‐biochemical responses under water stress. To evaluate these responses, a complete randomized design was followed to investigate the effects of two irrigation levels (well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions) and N fertilization treatments (with and without N). Drought stress significantly affected the growth of seedlings, as indicated by impaired photosynthesis, pigment degradation, disrupted N metabolism, over‐production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Nitrogen supplementation under drought stress had remarkable positive effects on the growth through physio‐biochemical adjustments as shown by higher level of nitrogenous compounds and up‐regulation of N‐associated metabolic enzymes activities which might be due to N‐mediated improved leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, N application reduced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and maintained a high accumulation of osmolytes. However, in well‐watered seedlings N fertilization significantly improved root biomass and net CO₂ assimilation rate suggesting high N‐use efficiency of the seedlings. These findings reveal that drought significantly affects the growth of P. zhennan, while N fertilization plays a crucial role in alleviating water stress damage by improving its drought tolerance potential at low metabolic costs. Therefore, N fertilization could be considered as an effective strategy for the conservation and management of P. zhennan in the face of future climate change.  相似文献   

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The bioremediation of metolachlor in soil using Rhodospirillum rubrum after wastewater treatment     

Wu  Pan  Shi  Jiarong  Zhang  Ying  Wang  Yanling  Ou  Xiaoxia  Han  Ziqiao  Wu  Xiaozhen  Zhao  Rou  Yang  Weiguang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(10):3534-3544

Purpose

Reliable and effective techniques for removing contaminants from soil are highly desirable. However, metolachlor residue bioremediation and soil fertility improvement by Rhodospirillum rubrum (R. rubrum) in effluent after wastewater treatment have not yet been investigated. The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of bioremediation of metolachlor residues in soil and soil fertility improvement by R. rubrum in effluent and to explain the mechanism that R. rubrum in effluent was induced to express the regulatory gene.

Materials and methods

Soybean processing wastewater was obtained from Harbin Soybean Products Machining Factory. Soil samples were the surface soil (0–30 cm) from campus (1.77 g/kg total N, 4.15 g/kg total P, 1.58 g/kg total K, 17 g/kg SOM, 0.07 g/kg SMBC). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase regulatory gene, MAPKKKs gene, was measured by RT-PCR.

Results and discussion

Compared to control treatment, metolachlor was removed efficiently and soil fertility was remediated by effluent containing R. rubrum. The removal in concentrations reached 2.97 mg/L (99%). Soil organic matter (SOM) and SMBC were enhanced 42 times. Molecular analysis revealed that metolachlor induced cpm gene expression to synthesize cytochrome P450 monooxygenase through activating MAPKKKs gene in MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Conclusions

Bioremediation of metolachlor in soil and improvement of soil fertility using R. rubrum in effluent were feasible. Metolachlor, as environmental pressure, induced cpm gene expression to synthesize cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and to remove metolachlor through activating MAPKKKs, MAPKKs, MAPKs genes in MAPK signal transduction pathway.

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Quantitative relationships between soil landscape index and classification grain     

Pan  Yue  Lu  Xiaosong  Yu  Dongsheng  Huang  Jingjing  Sun  Xin  Xu  Zhichao 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(2):903-916

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Understanding space grain impact on soil landscape patterns is helpful to discover specific spatial heterogeneity of soil landscape. The objectives of this study...  相似文献   

Food-based dietary guidelines and implementation: lessons from four countries--Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa     

Keller I  Lang T 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(8):867-874

OBJECTIVE: Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are globally promoted as an important part of national food and nutrition policies. They are presented within policy as key features of the strategy to educate the public and guide policy-makers and other stakeholders about a healthy diet. This paper examines the implementation of FBDGs in four countries: Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa - diverse countries chosen to explore the realities of the FBDG within policy on public health nutrition. DESIGN: A literature review was carried out, followed by interviews with representatives from the governmental, academic and private sector in all four countries. RESULTS: In all four countries the FBDG is mainly implemented via written/electronic information provided to the public through the health and/or education sector. Data about the impact of FBDGs on policy and consumers' food choice or dietary habits are incomplete; nutrition surveys do not enable assessment of how effective FBDGs are as a factor in dietary or behavioural change. Despite limitations, FBDGs are seen as being valuable by key stakeholders. CONCLUSION: FBDGs are being implemented and there is experience which should be built upon. The policy focus needs to move beyond merely disseminating FBDGs. They should be part of a wider public health nutrition strategy involving multiple sectors and policy levels. Improvements in the implementation of FBDGs are crucial given the present epidemic of chronic, non-communicable diseases.  相似文献   

Hyper-spectral remote sensing to monitor vegetation stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hong-Yan Ren  Da-Fang Zhuang  Jian-Jun Pan  Xue-Zheng Shi  Hong-Jie Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2008,8(5):323-326

Background, aim, and scope  Vegetation stress diagnoses based on plant sampling and physiochemical analysis using traditional methods are commonly time-consuming, destructive and expensive. The measurement of field spectral reflectance is one basis of airborne or spaceborne remote sensing monitoring. Materials and methods  In this study, paddy plants were grown in the barrels evenly filled with 10.0 kg soil that was mixed respectively with 0, 2.5 × 207.2 and 5.0 × 207.2 mg Pb per 1,000 g soil. Rice canopy spectra were gathered by mobile hyper-spectral radiometer (ASD FieldSpec Pro FR, USA). Meanwhile, canopy leaves in the field-of-view (FOV) of spectroradiometer were collected and then prepared in the laboratory, (1) for chlorophyll measurement by Model 721 spectrophotometer, and (2) for Pb determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (SpectraAA-220FS). Results and discussion  Canopy spectral reflectance in the region of visible-to-near-infrared light (VNIR) increased, because ascended Pb concentration caused the decrease of canopy chlorophyll content. In the agro-ecosystem, however, heavy metal contamination is presented typically as mixture and their interactions strongly affect actually occurring effects. Normalized spectral absorption depth (D _n), and shifting distance (DS) of red edge position (REPs) revealed the differences in Pb concentration for canopy leaves, especially at the early tillering stage. Due to insufficient biomass of rice plants, the 30th day was not reliable enough for the selection of crucial growth stages. Some special sensitive bands might be omitted at the same time because of limited sample sets. Conclusions  Our initial experiments are still too few in the amounts of both metals and plants neither to build accurate prediction models nor to discuss the transformation from ground to air/spaceborne remote sensing. However, we are pleased to communicate that ground remote sensing measurements would provide reliable information for the estimation of Pb concentration in rice plants at the early tillering stage when proper features (such as DS and D _n) of reflectance spectra are applied. Recommendations and perspectives  Hyper-spectral remote sensing is a potential and promising technology for monitoring environmental stresses on agricultural vegetation. Further ground remote sensing experiments are necessary to evaluate the possibility of hyper-spectral reflectance spectroscopy in monitoring different kinds of metals’ stress on various plants.  相似文献