Hunting debate     

Brain LT 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(10):308

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Medical management of a corneal stromal abscess in a female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).     

Ellen B Wiedner  Ramiro Isaza  Laurence E Galle  Kathleen Barrie  William A Lindsay 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(3):397-400

A 47-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) developed a corneal stromal abscess in her right eye. The elephant was trained to open her eye for topical ophthalmic therapy, and was treated six times daily with antibiotics and an antifungal solution for almost 2 mo. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used to control pain, and atropine was applied topically to dilate the pupil and provide additional comfort. Vascularization of the abscess began shortly after initiating therapy, and complete resolution was obtained by 7 wk.  相似文献   

Acid gelation in heated and unheated milks: interactions between serum protein complexes and the surfaces of casein micelles     

Donato L  Alexander M  Dalgleish DG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4160-4168

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Nonenzymatic browning of lactose and caseinate during dry heating at different relative humidities     

Pan GG  Melton LD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(24):10036-10042

Dry mixtures of lactose and caseinate were heated at 60 degrees C for up to 96 h at different relative humidities (RHs) ranging from 29 to 95%. The resulting nonenzymatic browning was studied by determining lactulosyl lysine formation in the caseinate (as measured by the conversion to furosine), amount of reacted lactose, loss of lysine, color formation, and fluorescent intensity. For each measurement, the maximum reaction occurred at intermediate RHs. While there is general agreement between the results obtained by different methods, discrepancies are understandable given the complex nature of nonenzymatic browning. It was shown that the degradation of the Amadori product, lactulosyl lysine, increased with RH. Moreover, the Maillard reaction, as opposed to caramelization of lactose, was the major pathway at all RHs. Visible browning occurred when the destruction of Amadori product became dominant, and interactions between sugar fragments and caseinate were not the rate-limiting steps in the nonenzymatic browning.  相似文献   

Marennine,Promising Blue Pigments from a Widespread Haslea Diatom Species Complex     

Romain Gastineau  Fran?ois Turcotte  Jean-Bernard Pouvreau  Michèle Moran?ais  Jo?l Fleurence  Eko Windarto  Fiddy Semba Prasetiya  Sulastri Arsad  Pascal Jaouen  Mathieu Babin  Laurence Coiffard  Céline Couteau  Jean-Fran?ois Bardeau  Boris Jacquette  Vincent Leignel  Yann Hardivillier  Isabelle Marcotte  Nathalie Bourgougnon  Réjean Tremblay  Jean-Sébastien Deschênes  Hope Badawy  Pamela Pasetto  Nikolai Davidovich  Gert Hansen  Jens Dittmer  Jean-Luc Mouget 《Marine drugs》2014,12(6):3161-3189

In diatoms, the main photosynthetic pigments are chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin. The marine pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia has long been known for producing, in addition to these generic pigments, a water-soluble blue pigment, marennine. This pigment, responsible for the greening of oysters in western France, presents different biological activities: allelopathic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and growth-inhibiting. A method to extract and purify marennine has been developed, but its chemical structure could hitherto not be resolved. For decades, H. ostrearia was the only organism known to produce marennine, and can be found worldwide. Our knowledge about H. ostrearia-like diatom biodiversity has recently been extended with the discovery of several new species of blue diatoms, the recently described H. karadagensis, H. silbo sp. inedit. and H. provincialis sp. inedit. These blue diatoms produce different marennine-like pigments, which belong to the same chemical family and present similar biological activities. Aside from being a potential source of natural blue pigments, H. ostrearia-like diatoms thus present a commercial potential for aquaculture, cosmetics, food and health industries.  相似文献   

État de choc et syndrome de réponse inflammatoire systémique (SRIS) chez le chien     

A.S. Meunier  C. Bille 《Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie》2010,45(4):135-141

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A comparison of the somaclonal variation level of Rosa hybrida L. cv Meirutral plants regenerated from callus or direct induction from different vegetative and embryonic tissues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Laurence Arene  Carole Pellegrino  Serge Gudin 《Euphytica》1993,71(1-2):83-90

Summary Flowering plants of Rosa hybrida L. cv Meirutral have been obtained either from direct regeneration of adventitious shoots on leaf and root fragments, or through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis on calli derived from anther, ovule, petal, sepal, receptacle, leaf, stem internode, root and zygotic embryo tissues. The calli derived from floral parts exhibited rhizogenesis. In this case direct induction of adventitious shoots from selected roots had to be performed in order to generate plants. A histological study of the morphogenetic calli was carried out. The plants regenerated directly and those regenerated from calli of leaf, stem internode, root and zygotic embryo tissues, together with reference plants propagated by cuttings, were compared on a phenotypic basis by taking into account petal number, form and colour, and plant growth habit. From these observations, it can be concluded that directly regenerated plants are as stable as reference plants while plants regenerated from callus are unstable, especially those derived from zygotic embryo tissues.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - GA3 gibberellic acid - IAA 3-indole-acetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog - NAA 1-naphthalene acetic acid  相似文献   

Kinetic method for determining antioxidant distributions in model food emulsions: distribution constants of t-butylhydroquinone in mixtures of octane,water, and a nonionic emulsifier     

Romsted LS  Zhang J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3328-3336

The absence of reliable estimates of distributions of antioxidants in food emulsions hinders the development of a useful method for comparing the efficiencies of antioxidants. Here we describe the application of a pseudophase kinetic model, originally developed for homogeneous microemulsions, to the determination of distribution constants of tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ, in a fluid, opaque, model food emulsion composed of the nonionic emulsifier C(12)E(6), octane, and water. This kinetic method should be applicable to a wide variety of charged and uncharged antioxidants in emulsions composed of charged and uncharged emulsifiers. The distribution constants for partitioning of TBHQ between the oil and surfactant film regions, K(O)(I), and the aqueous and surfactant film regions, K(W)(I), were obtained by fitting changes in first-order rate constants, k(obs), with emulsifier volume fraction for the reaction of 4-hexadecyl-2,6-dimethylbenzenediazonium ion, 16-ArN(2)(+), with TBHQ. The rate of formation of the reduced arene product hexadecyl-2,6-dimethylbenzene, 16-ArH, was followed by HPLC. About 90% of the TBHQ is in the surfactant film at about 2% volume fraction of C(12)E(6), which suggests that this region may be the primary site of antioxidant activity for neutral phenolic antioxidants.  相似文献   

Enzymatic synthesis of aroma compound xylosides using transfer reaction by Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kadi N  Belloy L  Chalier P  Crouzet JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5552-5557

Enzymatic synthesis of aroma compound xylosides was performed by Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase. Information concerning the nature of xylosides present in the reaction medium was obtained by GC-EI-MS, by GC-NCI-MS of TFA derivatives, and by positive FAB-MS of the reaction mixtures. Moreover, the structures of isolated benzyl beta-D-xylopyranoside and 4-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside were established by (1)H and (13)C NMR and heteronuclear two-dimensional ((1)H-(13)C) chemical shift correlation. The results obtained for hexyl and benzyl alcohol xylosides indicated that a reaction implying a transfer of one to two or three xylose units from xylan was involved. The enzyme was able to recognize xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylan as xylose donors. Benzyl xyloside, produced independently of xylobioside and xylotrioside, was found as the major kinetic product of the reaction. Benzyl xyloside was produced in higher quantities and at a higher rate than that obtained for the di- and trixyloside derivatives. The maximum production for benzyl xyloside, 1.29 g/L, was obtained in the presence of hexane (50%) used as cosolvent. Xylosides and xylobiosides of several aroma compounds, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, heptan-2-ol, geraniol, nerol, and citronellol, were synthesized in different amounts, from 850 mg/L for (Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl xylosides to 1.5 mg/L for citronellyl xylosides. No synthesis occurred when menthol, linalool, and eugenol were used as acceptors.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of Monoethanolamine,Ethylene Glycol and Triethylene Glycol in Laboratory Bioreactors     

Mrklas  Ole  Chu  Angus  Lunn  Stuart  Bentley  Laurence R. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,159(1):249-263

The release of alkanolamines and glycols into the subsurface soils poses a potential hazard to the environment through impacted soil and groundwater. This study investigated aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of monoethanolamine (MEA), ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). Significant levels of MEA (31 000 mg/kg), MEG (500 mg/kg) and TEG (2100 mg/kg) were successfully aerobically biodegraded in bioreactors. The aerobic slurry experiments suggested initial phosphate (P) limitation, as biodegradation rates increased by one order of magnitude after phosphate addition. Anaerobic decay of MEA, MEG and TEG was unaffected by P-addition. MEA, MEG and TEG degradation products such as acetate, ethanol and ammonium at about 75 000 mg/kg, 8100 mg/kg and 8800 mg/kg degraded completely and did not prevent aerobic biodegradation. This study confirms proposed biodegradation pathways of MEA, MEG, TEG and their breakdown products in natural soil and groundwater using indigenous microbes. Levels of contamination studied here are significantly higher than previously reported.  相似文献