Archaeology. Uncovering civilization's roots     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6070):790-793

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Veterinary curriculum strategies     

Lawler DF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(8):937

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Infection control practices employed within small animal veterinary practices—A systematic review     

Angela Willemsen  Rowland Cobbold  Justine Gibson  Kathryn Wilks  Sheleigh Lawler  Simon Reid 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(5):439-457

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Cardiopulmonary effects of reverse Trendelenburg position at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers     

Marcelo A. Araújo  Maurício Deschk  Juliana T. Wagatsuma  Beatriz P. Floriano  Carlos E. Siqueira  Valéria NLS. Oliva  Paulo SP. Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):854-864

Objective

To assess the cardiopulmonary effects caused by reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers.

Study design

Prospective, experimental study.

Animals

Eight Holstein steers aged (mean ± standard deviation) 12 ± 2 months and weighing 145 ± 26 kg.

Methods

In the first phase of the study, the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was determined using electrical stimulation. In the second phase, the effects of RTP were assessed. The animals were anesthetized on three separate events separated by ≥7 days in an incomplete crossover design: control treatment using a table without tilt (RTP0); treatment with the table at 5° RTP (RTP5) and table tilted 10° RTP (RTP10). Subjects were physically restrained in dorsal recumbency on the table, which was already tilted according to each treatment. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane at 8% in 5 L minute^–1 oxygen via face mask followed by maintenance with sevoflurane at 1.3 MAC and spontaneous breathing. Cardiopulmonary variables were obtained immediately after instrumentation (T₀) and then after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (T₃₀, T₆₀, T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀, respectively).

Results

The mean sevoflurane MAC for the eight steers was 2.12 ± 0.31%. Cardiac output was lower at all time points and the systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0. Oxygen consumption was lower at T₀ and at T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and at all time points except T₃₀ compared with RTP5. Oxygen extraction was lower at T₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and RTP5, and at T₆₀ and T₁₈₀ compared with RTP5.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

RTP 5° and 10° did not improve ventilatory and oxygenation variables in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers when compared with no tilt, however the cardiovascular variables were adversely affected in RTP10.  相似文献   

Rainforest litter quality and chemical controls on leaf decomposition with near‐infrared spectrometry     

Scott A. Parsons  Ivan R. Lawler  Robert A. Congdon  Stephen E. Williams 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(5):710-720

Plant‐litter chemical quality is an important driver of many ecosystem processes, however, what actually constitutes high‐ or low‐quality litter (chemical potential for fast and slow decomposition, respectively) is often interpreted by the indices available. Here, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to explore leaf‐litter chemical quality and the controls on decomposition in the tropical rainforest region of north Queensland Australia. Leaf‐litter samples from litterfall collections and litterbag studies were used. NIRS was used to calibrate the chemical compositions of the material (N, P, C, Mg, Ca, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, α‐cellulose, and total phenolics) from a smaller sample set covering the spectral range in the full set of samples. Calibrations were compared for both separate (local) and combined models, for litterbags, and litterfall. Coefficients of determination (r²) in the local models ranged from 0.88 (litterbag Mg) to 0.99 (litterfall N), with residual prediction deviation ratios > 3 for all constituents except Mg (≈ 2.5). Mass loss in the litterbags was strongly related to the NIR spectra, with model r²'s of 0.75 (in situ leaves) and 0.76 (common control leaf). In situ decomposability was determined from modeling the initial NIR spectra prior to decomposition with litterbag exponential‐decay rates (model r² of 0.81, n = 85 initial samples). A best subset model including litter‐quality, climate, and soil variables predicted decay better than the NIR decomposability model (r² = 0.87). For litter quality alone the NIR model predicted decay rate better than all of the best predictive litter–chemical quality indices. The decomposability model was used to predict in situ decomposability in the litterfall samples. The chemical variables explaining NIR decomposability for litterfall were initial P, C, and phenolics (linear model r² = 0.80, n = 2471). NIRS is a holistic technique that is just as, if not more accurate, than litter–chemical quality indices, when predicting decomposition and decomposability, shown here in a regional field study.  相似文献   

Agency merger plan faces high hurdles     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,267(5206):1900

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Robert Walker: The Speaker's Right Hand on Science     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,269(5225):749-751

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House panel targets centers, cassini     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,269(5221):156

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Republicans split over fate of the department of energy     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,268(5217):1559

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Shuttle mission to seek antimatter     

Lawler A  Plafker T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,269(5226):915-916

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