SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION: A More Cautious NASA Sets Plans for Mars     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5493):915a-916a

Twice burned by mission failures last year, NASA managers last week unveiled a new 15-year blueprint for Mars exploration. The revamped strategy allows for doing more science, but at a slower pace, while delaying a sample return until well into the next decade.  相似文献   

Genomics. University company to exploit heart data     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5475):2301-2303

This month, Boston University, which directs the Framingham Heart Study, a massive government effort begun in 1948 to monitor the cardiovascular health of more than 10,000 residents of this suburb of Boston, announced plans to form a bioinformatics company that will mine the data. The university will own 20% of Framingham Genomic Medicine Inc., which hopes to raise $21 million to begin modernizing the immense database and packaging it in a format that will be valuable to the pharmaceutical industry. The plan raises a host of difficult ethical issues, including patient privacy, academic conflicts of interest, and reciprocal value to the Framingham residents whose medical data will form the basis for the new enterprise.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the effect of limited food consumption on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in dogs     

Kealy RD  Lawler DF  Ballam JM  Lust G  Biery DN  Smith GK  Mantz SL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,217(11):1678-1680

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in 4 diarthrodial joints of dogs with restricted feed intake, compared with dogs without restricted feed intake. DESIGN: Paired feeding study. ANIMALS: 48 Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURE: Dogs in litters from 7 dams and 2 sires were paired by sex and weight within litters and randomly assigned to a control-fed group or a limit-fed group that received 25% less food than the control-fed group. Radiographic evaluation of prevalence and severity of osteoarthritis in the hip, shoulder, elbow, and stifle joints was performed when dogs were 8 years of age. RESULTS: Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis that affected multiple joints was significantly more common in the control-fed group than in the limit-fed group. Prevalence of lesions in the hip joint was 15/22 in the control-fed group and 3/21 in the limit-fed group. Prevalence of lesions in the shoulder joint was 19/22 in the control-fed group and 12/21 in the limit-fed group; lesions in this joint were generally mild. Severity, but not prevalence, of osteoarthritis in the elbow joint was greater in the control-fed group than in the limit-fed group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prevalence and severity of osteoarthritis in several joints was less in dogs with long-term reduced food intake, compared with control dogs. Food intake is an environmental factor that may have a profound effect on development of osteoarthritis in dogs.  相似文献   

Transmission of Ehrlichia risticii, the agent of Potomac horse fever, using naturally infected aquatic insects and helminth vectors: preliminary report     

Madigan JE  Pusterla N  Johnson E  Chae JS  Pusterla JB  Derock E  Lawler SP 《Equine veterinary journal》2000,32(4):275-279

Ehrlichia risticii, the agent of Potomac horse fever (PHF), has been recently detected in trematode stages found in snail secretions and in aquatic insects. Based on these findings, horses could conceivably be exposed to E. risticii by skin penetration with infected cercariae, by ingestion of infected cercariae in water or via metacercariae in a second intermediate host, such as an aquatic insect. In order to test this hypothesis, horses were challenged with infectious snail secretions and aquatic insects collected from a PHF endemic region in northern California. Two horses stood with their front feet in water harbouring E. risticii-infected cercariae, 2 horses drank water harbouring E. risticii-infected cercariae, and 6 horses were fed pools of different aquatic insects harbouring E. risticii-infected metacercariae. In this preliminary study, only the one horse infected orally with mature caddisflies (Dicosmoecus gilvipes) developed the clinical and haematological disease syndrome of PHF. The agent was isolated from the blood of the infected horse in a continuous cell line and identified as E. risticii by characterisation of the 16S rRNA gene. Therefore, E. risticii is maintained in nature in a complex aquatic ecosystem and transmission to horses can occur through accidental ingestion of insects such as caddisflies containing infected metacercariae. At present, the small number of horses used in this study does not exclude other insects and free trematode stages as potential sources of infection.  相似文献   

Acid phosphatase activity of chondroclasts from Fusarium-induced tibial dyschondroplastic cartilage   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E M Lawler  J L Shivers  M M Walser 《Avian diseases》1988,32(2):240-245

Tibial dyschondroplasia was induced in broiler chickens by oral administration of fusarochromanone, the toxic component of Fusarium equiseti. In two experiments, the activity of acid phosphatase in chondroclasts was assessed histochemically. Chicks were examined at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment in Expt. 1 and at 2, 4, and 6 days of treatment in Expt. 2. The staining for acid phosphatase was consistently lower in fusarochromanone-treated chicks after 2 days of treatment than in age-matched controls, and the onset of this difference corresponded to the onset of lesions. However, the decrease in acid phosphatase staining intensity was significant only at day 21 in Expt. 1 and at day 6 in Expt. 2. The deficiency of acid phosphatase in chondroclasts was judged to be of insufficient magnitude to account for the accumulation of growth plate cartilage that characterizes tibial dyschondroplasia.  相似文献   

Effects of age, sex, and body size on serum concentrations of thyroid and adrenocortical hormones in dogs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

T J Reimers  D F Lawler  P M Sutaria  M T Correa  H N Erb 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(3):454-457

Thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol frequently are quantified in canine serum or plasma samples to aid in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, and hyperadrenocorticism. Many laboratories have established reliable references values for concentrations of these hormones in blood of clinically normal animals. However, nonpathologic factors that affect thyroidal and adrenocortical secretion may lead to misinterpretation of test results when values for individual animals are compared with reference values. The objective of the study reported here was to identify effects of age, sex, and body size (ie, breed) on serum concentrations of T3, T4, and cortisol in dogs. Blood samples were collected from 1,074 healthy dogs, and serum concentrations of the iodothyronines and cortisol were evaluated for effects of breed/size, sex, and age. Mean (+/- SEM) serum concentration of T4 was greater in small (2.45 +/- 0.06 micrograms/dl)- than in medium (1.94 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl)- or large (2.03 +/- 0.03 micrograms/dl)-breed dogs, the same in females (2.11 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl) and males (2.08 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl), and greater in nursing pups (3.04 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl) than in weanling pups (1.94 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl), rapidly growing dogs (1.95 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl), and young adult (1.90 +/- 0.06 micrograms/dl), middle-aged adult (1.72 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl), or old adult (1.50 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl) dogs. Dogs greater than 6 years old had lower mean serum T4 concentration than did dogs of all other ages, except middle-aged adults. Mean serum T3 concentration in medium-sized dogs (1.00 +/- 0.01 ng/ml) was greater than that in small (0.90 +/- 0.01 ng/ml)- and large (0.88 +/- 0.01 ng/ml)-breed dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Neuroscience. Nearby rival takes quieter course     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5534):1419

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Neuroscience. New brain institute struggles for traction     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5534):1418-1422

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Space science. Canada eyes front-row seat in Mars program     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5523):1813-1814

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Foreigners return. Sale of Nineveh fragments exposes looting network     

Lawler A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5527):37

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