Micronutrients (Fe,Mn, Zn and Cu) balance under long-term application of fertilizer and manure in a tropical rice-rice system     

Mohammad Shahid  Arvind Kumar Shukla  Pratap Bhattacharyya  Rahul Tripathi  Sangita Mohanty  Anjani Kumar  Banwari Lal  Priyanka Gautam  Rajagounder Raja  Bipin Bihari Panda  Brundaban Das  Amaresh Kumar Nayak 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(3):737-747

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Long‐term changes in the floristic composition and soil characteristics of reclaimed sodic land during eco‐restoration     

Pankaj Kumar Srivastava  Baleshwar  Soumit Kumar Behera  Nandita Singh  Radhey Shyam Tripathi 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(1):93-102

The study was conducted under the “Uttar Pradesh Sodic Lands Reclamation Project” to examine changes that occurred in the reclaimed sodic land in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study focuses on long‐term seasonal changes in the floral diversity and soil characteristics of the reclaimed sodic land over a period of 10 y. The changes in the floristic composition, plant density, and soil characteristics (microbial biomass carbon [MBC], pH, exchangeable‐sodium percentage (ESP), and electrical conductivity) were compared among the different study plots after different years of sodic‐land reclamation. The study plots comprised reclaimed land with rice–wheat cultivation; semireclaimed land under rice cultivation only and nonreclaimed barren sodic land. There was a significant variation in the floristic composition of the three study plots. Dominance in the floristic composition was shifted from monocotyledonous weeds in the nonreclaimed sodic land to dicotyledonous weeds in the reclaimed land after 10 y of reclamation. Among the soil characteristics, the most remarkable changes were observed in soil MBC and ESP during the course of sodic‐land reclamation. Soil MBC increased up to 480% and ESP values decreased up to 79% in the reclaimed plots with reference to the nonreclaimed plots. The soil amelioration was more pronounced in the upper layer (0–30 cm) as compared to the lower layer (below 30 cm depth). A positive significant correlation was revealed between soil MBC and floristic composition of the reclaimed plots. These changes in floristic composition and soil characteristics could be used as good indicators of the eco‐restoration of the sodic lands. The present study provides useful insights in understanding the temporal progress of eco‐restoration in the reclaimed sodic lands.  相似文献   

Influence of nitric oxide on in vitro growth, survival, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis of follicle stimulating hormone stimulated buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) preantral follicles     

Pawan K. Dubey  Vrajesh Tripathi  Ram Pratap Singh  G. Taru Sharma 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(3):257-265

Effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, on in vitro survival, growth, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis of buffalo preantral follicles (PFs) was investigated. PFs (200~250 µm) were isolated by micro-dissection and cultured in 0 (control), 10^-3, 10^-5, 10^-7, and 10^-9 M SNP. To examine the reversible effect of SNP, PFs were cultured with 10^-5 M SNP + 1 mM N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1.0 µg hemoglobin (Hb). The results showed that greater concentrations of SNP (10^-3, 10^-5, 10^-7 M) inhibited (p < 0.05) FSH-induced survival, growth, antrum formation, estradiol production, and oocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, a lower dose of SNP (10^-9 M) significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) the survival, growth, antrum formation, follicular oocyte maturation, and stimulated progesterone secretion compared to the control. A combination of SNP + L-NAME promoted the inhibitor effect of SNP while a SNP + Hb combination reversed this effect. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the culture medium increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner according to SNP concentration in the culture medium. At higher concentrations, SNP had a cytotoxic effect leading to follicular oocyte apoptosis whereas lower concentrations have stimulatory effects. In conclusion, NO exerts a dual effect on its development of buffalo PFs depending on the concentration in the culture medium.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in guide dogs in Finland     

Thomas Gr?nthal  Matti Ollilainen  Marjut Eklund  Heli Piiparinen  Veera Gindonis  Jouni Junnila  Leena Saijonmaa-Koulumies  Riitta Liimatainen  Merja Rantala 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are common multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in dogs. In 2012–2013 three dogs of the Guide Dog School of the Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired were found to be MRSP positive. Guide dogs have regular contact with each other during their first year of life and prolonged contact when in training. Since dogs are placed in different parts of Finland after training, there is a risk for national spread of MDR bacteria. In this study the prevalence of MRSP and MRSA, as well as the risk factors for MRSP were determined in the Finnish guide dog population. MRSP isolates were investigated using molecular methods and compared to the earlier isolates.

Results

Out of 132 tested dogs 4 were MRSP positive thus giving the prevalence estimate of 3% (95% CI: 1–8%) for MRSP in the target population. MRSA was not detected (prevalence estimate 0%, 95% CI: 0–3%). Risk factors associated with MRSP were being a breeding bitch (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 1.1–64.1, P = 0.012), the number of veterinary visits (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.0–1.5, P = 0.025) and number of antimicrobial courses (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.0–2.55; P = 0.035). Identified MRSP isolates belonged to five different sequence types (ST45, 71, 402, 403 and 404). All ST71 isolates carried SCCmec II-III, while the SCCmec type of the ST45 and ST402 (a single locus variant of ST45) isolates were non-typeable with the method used.

Conclusions

MRSP and MRSA had low prevalence in the studied dog population despite the close contact between dogs, and the MRSP population was heterogenic. Antimicrobial therapy and veterinary visits are risk factors for MRSP even among a small case group.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0129-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

A note on distribution and potential of Japanese wild adzuki bean [Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi and H. Ohashi] in India     

Bhatt  K. C.  Malav  Pavan Kumar  Gore  Padmavati G.  Tripathi  Kuldeep  Rathi  R. S.  Tiwari  Umeshkumar L.  Ahlawat  S. P. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):2157-2166

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The present paper deals with the report on the potential of Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi and H. Ohashi assembled from Northeastern hill region...  相似文献   

Preclinical evaluation of rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark phenolics for health related effects     

Vuorela S  Kreander K  Karonen M  Nieminen R  Hämäläinen M  Galkin A  Laitinen L  Salminen JP  Moilanen E  Pihlaja K  Vuorela H  Vuorela P  Heinonen M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5922-5931

Rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark are promising bioactive sources of plant phenolics selected from among ca. 100 previously screened plant materials for in vitro preclinical evaluation of health related effects. Phenolic extracts and isolated fractions of the selected materials were investigated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antimutagenic properties as well as for cell permeability. It was shown that rapeseed and pine bark phenolics and raspberry anthocyanins were good or excellent antioxidants toward oxidation of phosphatidylcholine membrane (liposomes), rapeseed oil (crude) phenolics were effective radical scavengers (DPPH test), and both raspberry and pine bark phenolics inhibited LDL oxidation. Rapeseed oil phenolics, principally vinylsyringol, raspberry anthocyanins, and pinoresinol and matairesinol, the principal components of pine bark phenolic isolate, were effective against formation of the proinflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E(2). Raspberry ellagitannins inhibited the growth of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella oxytoca. Pine bark and rapeseed had minor effects on the permeability of model drugs in Caco-2 experiments. None of the tested extracts were mutagenic nor toxic to Caco-2 cells or macrophages. Thus, phenolic isolates from rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark and are safe and bioactive for possible food applications including functional foods intended for health benefit.  相似文献   

Fragmentation and recreational use affect tree regeneration in urban forests     

Susanna Lehvävirta  Ferenc Vilisics  Leena Hamberg  Minna Malmivaara-Lämsä  D. Johan Kotze 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):869-877

The aim of this study was to test whether fragmentation or recreational use affect tree regeneration in urban forests, and to quantify these effects. We sampled tree saplings at different distances from edges in spruce (Picea abies) dominated forests, and at different distances from paths that represented different levels of wear. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test our hypotheses. We found that fragmentation favours the regeneration of deciduous trees in urban spruce dominated forests: distance from the edge had a pronounced effect on regeneration, at least up to 80 m into the forests. Saplings of Betula pendula, Populus tremula, other deciduous species and Pinus sylvestris benefited from edge conditions. Betula pubescens saplings, however, were most abundant in the interior and small Sorbus aucuparia saplings at 25–30 m from the edge. All species suffered from the direct effects of trampling, while varying responses of species to distance from the paths were observed up to 6 m, and possibly further. As trees essentially define the living conditions for other forest species, we suggest that the spatial extent of edge and trampling effects should be studied for different types of forests. This knowledge should then be used in urban forestry and planning to define the threshold value that will allow for at least some “intact” interior. We suggest a diameter larger than 160 m to support indigenous species in boreal spruce dominated forests.  相似文献   

Rapid detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in clinical samples from sheep     

Jyoti Kumar  Bhupendra Nath Tripathi  Rajiv Kumar  Ganesh Gangaram Sonawane  Shivendra Kumar Dixit 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1429-1435

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive bacterium is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease of sheep, goats and other warm blooded animals. In the present study, a total of 1,080 sheep reared under semi-intensive system on organized farms situated in the semi arid tropical region of Rajasthan, India, was clinically examined. Pus samples from superficial lymph nodes of 25 (2.31 %) adult sheep showing clinical lesions similar to CLA were collected for laboratory analyses. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics 12 (48 %) bacterial isolates from pus identified it as C. pseudotuberculosis. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting Putative oligopeptide/dipeptide ABC transporter, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) oxidoreductase coenzyme F420-dependent and proline iminopeptidase (PIP) genes of C. pseudotuberculosis was developed that showed 14 pus samples as positive. All C. pseudotuberculosis isolates were also found positive for these genes in the PCR. The specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by sequencing of the amplified products that showed 98–100 % homology with published sequences available in the NCBI database. The present study shows the incidence of CLA as 2.31 %, 1.1 % and 1.29 % based on clinical, bacterial culture and direct pus PCR assay, respectively. The PCR assay was rapid, specific and as significant as bacterial culture in detecting bacteria directly in the clinical pus samples. The PCR assay developed in the study can be applied for the diagnosis and control of CLA. Furthermore, the assay can also be applied to detect C. pseudotuberculosis in various clinical samples.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Rapid detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in clinical samples from sheep     

Jyoti Kumar  Bhupendra Nath Tripathi  Rajiv Kumar  Ganesh Gangaram Sonawane  Shivendra Kumar Dixit 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1437-1437

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Characterization of smallholder pig production system: productive and reproductive performances of local and crossbred pigs in Sikkim Himalayan region     

B. G. Nath  P. K. Pathak  S. V. Ngachan  A. K. Tripathi  A. K. Mohanty 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1513-1518

The present study was conducted to know the smallholder pig production system in tribal areas of Sikkim State, India. Two hundred tribal farmers were selected randomly from the North and East District of the state. Information on socio-economic characteristics of farmers (gender, occupation, educational status, and farming experience), management practices, disease prevalence, and economics in pig production was collected. The study recorded the mean land holding as 1.2?±?0.8 ha, and the number of pigs per farm was 5.0?±?0.28. Pigs were mainly kept as a source of income, and 70 % of farmers reared crossbreed pigs. Ninety percent (90 %) of respondents practiced the intensive system of management whereby kitchen wastes along with cooked mixture comprising maize bhusa, mustard oil cake, pseudostem of banana, tuber, stem, and plant leaves were used to feed their animals. About 40.5 % of farmers procured their breeding stock from government farms that had good records and utilized veterinary services like timely vaccination and deworming. The diseases prevalent in the study area were swine fever, diarrhea, helminthoses, sarcoptic mange, pneumonia, etc. The litter sizes at birth (local, 4.3?±?0.45; crossbreed, 7.2?±?0.33), at weaning (local, 2.79?±?0.24; crossbreed, 6.1?±?0.21), and age at first farrowing (local, 365.39?±?7.96 days; crossbreed, 337.24?±?8.79 days) were recorded. Production costs of meat extracted from local and crossbred pigs were 1.08 $/kg and 0.86 $/kg, respectively.  相似文献