Embryonic stem cells. Australian agreement allows new lines     

Dayton L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5566):238

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Modern human origins meeting. Tracing the road down under     

Dayton L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5645):555

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PTSD and Vietnam Veterans     

Vermetten E  Bremner JD  Skelton L  Spiegel D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5809):184-7; author reply 184-7

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Accounting for sexual reproduction     

Leigh EG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,202(4374):1274-1275

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The neural basis of economic decision-making in the Ultimatum Game     

Sanfey AG  Rilling JK  Aronson JA  Nystrom LE  Cohen JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1755-1758

The nascent field of neuroeconomics seeks to ground economic decision making in the biological substrate of the brain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of Ultimatum Game players to investigate neural substrates of cognitive and emotional processes involved in economic decision-making. In this game, two players split a sum of money;one player proposes a division and the other can accept or reject this. We scanned players as they responded to fair and unfair proposals. Unfair offers elicited activity in brain areas related to both emotion (anterior insula) and cognition (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Further, significantly heightened activity in anterior insula for rejected unfair offers suggests an important role for emotions in decision-making.  相似文献   

TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sreedharan J  Blair IP  Tripathi VB  Hu X  Vance C  Rogelj B  Ackerley S  Durnall JC  Williams KL  Buratti E  Baralle F  de Belleroche J  Mitchell JD  Leigh PN  Al-Chalabi A  Miller CC  Nicholson G  Shaw CE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5870):1668-1672

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder characterized pathologically by ubiquitinated TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) inclusions. The function of TDP-43 in the nervous system is uncertain, and a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. We identified neighboring mutations in a highly conserved region of TARDBP in sporadic and familial ALS cases. TARDBPM337V segregated with disease within one kindred and a genome-wide scan confirmed that linkage was restricted to chromosome 1p36, which contains the TARDBP locus. Mutant forms of TDP-43 fragmented in vitro more readily than wild type and, in vivo, caused neural apoptosis and developmental delay in the chick embryo. Our evidence suggests a pathophysiological link between TDP-43 and ALS.  相似文献   

Soil erosion science: Reflections on the limitations of current approaches   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

John Boardman   《CATENA》2006,68(2-3):73

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Comparative Efficacy of Anesthetics for the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii     

Shawn D.  Coyle  Siddhartha  Dasgupta  James H.  Tidwell  Thomas  Beavers  Leigh Anne  Bright  David K.  Yasharian 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(3):282-290

Abstract— The freshwater prawn Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii is a commercially important culture species in the South Central United States. Two major constraints in the commercial culture of the freshwater prawn in the U.S. are poor survival during live transportation of seed‐stock to growout ponds, and live transportation of pond harvested prawn to distant live markets due to the territorial and cannibalistic nature of prawn. The use of anesthetics could possibly improve transport survival; however, to date anesthetic agents have not been evaluated for use with prawn. Two trials were conducted with juvenile freshwater prawn to compare the efficacy of anesthetics commonly used on fish. The first trial was designed to identify the most promising candidates. In Study 1, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222), 2‐phenoxyethanol, quinaldine sulfate (quinaldine), clove oil, and Aqui‐S^TM were evaluated at 25 and 100 mg/L for 1 h in three replicate 10‐L glass containers, containing five juvenile prawn each. Relative sedation level was determined every 3 min for 1 h, then recovery time and survival were measured. In Study 1, MS‐222 and 2‐phenoxyethanol were determined to be ineffective on prawn at all rates tested. Based on their performance in Study 1, quinaldine, clove oil, and AquiS^TM were evaluated at 100, 200, and 300 mg/L in Study 2. Observations were determined as in Study 1. Clove oil and Aqui‐S^TM induced anesthesia faster and at lower concentrations than quinaldine. At the highest treatment rate (300 mg/L) prawn suffered 60% mortality in the Aqui‐S^TM treatment, 13% mortality in the quinaldine treatment, and 0% mortality in the clove oil treatment and control following a 1‐h exposure to these concentrations. Based on these data, Aqui‐S^TM and clove oil applied at 100 mg/L may be suitable anesthetic treatments for prawn. Additional research is needed to determine optimal time and dose relationships to minimize stress during holding, handling, and transportation of prawn.  相似文献   

Eel acetylcholinesterase inhibition studies with heteroarylphosphinates     

Claire N. Lieske  James H. Clark  Howard G. Meyer  Leigh Boldt  Martin D. Green  John R. Lowe  Walter E. Sultan  Peter Blumbergs  Matthew A. Priest 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1984,22(3):285-294

The inhibition of eel acetylcholinesterase by the 4-nitrophenyl esters of 2-furyl(methyl)-, methyl(2-thienyl)-, di-2-furyl-, and di-2-thienylphosphinic acid (I, II, III, and IV, respectively) was investigated at pH 6.90 in 0.067 M phosphate buffer (25.0°C) using stopped-flow instrumentation and automated data processing. Our evaluation of the dissociation constant, K_d, the unimolecular bonding rate constant, k₂, and the bimolecular reaction constant, k_i, are the first reported values for these constants for alkyl/heteroaryl and diheteroaryl esters of phosphinic acids. The largest k_i value (19,330 M^?1 sec^?1) was observed for the reaction of I with the enzyme. The order for the remaining three is II > IV > III. There is no direct relationship between the hydrolysis rates of the esters and their anticholinesterase activities on eel acetylcholinesterase. Likewise, there is no direct relationship between their anticholinesterase activities and the LD₅₀ values in rats.  相似文献   

OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOLOGY OF BENT LEG OF LAMBS IN SOUTH-WESTERN QUEENSLAND     

Leigh Clark B.V.Sc.  Ph.D.  M.Sc.  Carol H. Carlisle M.V.Sc.  D.V.R.  P. S. Beasley Q.D.A.H.  † 《Australian veterinary journal》1975,51(1):4-10

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