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81.
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Fungal endogenous rhythms expressed by spiral figures   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Culture zonations in two fungi, Nectria cinnabarina and Penicillium diversum, are expressions of endogenous rhythms. These culture zonations may take the form of either concentric rings or Archimedes' spirals. The rhythm in N. cinnabarina is noncircadian. The rhythm in P. diversum is relatively insensitive to temperature and has a period of approximately 24 hours. The lack of a demonstrable mechanism for phase shifting suggests that this rhythm may also be noncircadian.  相似文献   
83.
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex organic materials   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples.  相似文献   
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Cocklebur from the Los Angeles area was found to require more extensive short-day treatment for floral initiation than plants of the same species from the Chicago region. Data obtained by grafting the two regional types of cocklebur indicate that the leaves of the Los Angeles Xanthium produce a comparatively low amount of the flowering stimulus.  相似文献   
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Summary If M. aquatica (2n=96) having the genotype cc AA ff RR, 60–80% menthofuran, but almost no menthone, menthol, and menthyl acetate is hybridized with M. longifolia (2n=24) having the genotype cc aa FF rr, 4–5% piperitone and 66% piperitone oxide all F1 hybrids have the genotype cc Aa Ff Rr. They also differ from either parent in having about 1.2–5.5% menthone, 4–42% menthol, 2–20% menthyl acetate, and usually only 1–7% menthofuran. However a few individuals may have as much as 41% disomenthone, 6% pulegone, 45% menthofuran or 10% beta-caryophyllene. M. dumetorum, considered by taxonomists to be a natural M. aquatica-M. longifolia F1 hybrid, has the same 14 oil constituents observed in the experimentally produced hybrids. Thirteen of the oil constituents of the single M. dumetorum strain are within the quantitative range of 9 highly variable hybrids. The 17% pulegone of the natural strain was higher than the 6% observed in the hybrids. The M. aquatica-M. longifolia F1 hybrids have the same major oil constituents as M. piperita but in very different quantitative proportions. Since the sporophytic chromosome number of M. dumetorum has been reported as 72, 84, or 96, the suggestion is made that some strains are secondary hybrids from backcrossing and that others with 72 chromosomes may be F1 hybrids between M. aquatica and piperitone strains of M. spicata or M. crispa. Hybrids with polyploid M. longifolia are not greatly different in oil composition.  相似文献   
90.
  1. Hydromorphological rehabilitation through installing large woody material (LWM) is increasingly being used to reverse degradation of stream ecosystems. There have been many criticisms of stream rehabilitation projects, because many have not met their goals and many others have not been monitored well enough to assess whether their goals were met.
  2. In a before–after–control design (with samples collected 1 year before and two successive years after LWM installation), instream biotopes and their macroinvertebrate assemblages were used as structural and functional units to assess the effectiveness of LWM installed at the Rolleston Brook, a headwater tributary of the River Welland in Leicestershire, UK.
  3. The project was successful in enhancing the coefficient of variation of channel water depth and width, wetted surface area, number of instream biotopes, and the biotope diversity in the rehabilitated reach.
  4. LWM installation led to significant increases in macroinvertebrate total density, total biomass, and taxon richness. Macroinvertebrate community composition was also enhanced, so that it became more similar to that of the control reach.
  5. Small increases in the number of instream biotopes (appearance of gravel and leaf litter) and changes in biotope proportions (decreasing percentage of silt) were significantly related to changes in the macroinvertebrate community metrics in the rehabilitated reach.
  6. The results show that using macroinvertebrate community composition is more effective than only using taxon richness and/or diversity metrics for understanding the relationship between LWM installation and macroinvertebrate community responses. To be effective, samples must also be collected in a predefined sampling protocol stratified at the instream biotope level. This approach would be of great benefit in evaluating biodiversity conservation value, and could be incorporated into the advice provided by Natural England concerning restoration and protection of English rivers that are designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest under UK legislation or Special Areas of Conservation under European legislation.
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