关中棉花枯萎病及其防治研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

罗家龙  赵丹  王正芬  吉冉中 《植物保护学报》1963,2(2):187-194

棉花枯萎病在陕西关中,近几年由局部地区发展到点面发生,蔓延速度和面积已超过黄萎病。一般发病和死苗在30—50%,严重的棉田在90%以上。一些黄萎病区逐渐转为枯、黄萎混合发生区,枯黄萎同株型极为普遍。此病在棉花苗期即表现症状,潛育期为10—20天。1—2片真叶发病率达10—15%;5—6片真叶(蕾期)即会引起大量枯死和萎蔫。土壤致病温度平均在20°—25℃,维持10天以上,发病最烈;28℃以上病势减轻。土壤含水量在60—75%之间,枯萎病发病率最高。每年枯萎病发生消长与5、6月份的温、湿度及降雨量有一定关系。以4—6片真叶期,枯死植株发展较快,开花后期枯死率显著下降,到吐絮期尚有高峯出现。各品种间的枯死规律基本相同;仅有枯死程度上的差异。防治棉花枯萎病主要途径以抗病品种为主。由1956—1961年已鉴定出抗病品种(系)有52-128、鸭棚、147-Φ、57-50、南通二号、F96,F80等。其中确定能在病区生产应用的有52-128,鸭棚,平均降低发病率在30—70%,增产15—40%左右。并发现抗病免疫类型有中棉“嘉定硬子”。远缘杂交材料(353×G 1472)×芙蓉葵353 F_2可作杂交原始亲本材料。在病区增施氮、磷无机肥料,有降低苗期枯萎病的作用。轮作防病在关中采取二年小(?)、玉米轮作倒茬,发病率由原来的85%降低到38%,死苗率由50%下降到20%,有一定防病增产效果。  相似文献   

Clinical and electrocardiographic presentations of transient trifascicular block in three cats     

Eva M. Oxford  Flavia B. Giacomazzi  N. Sydney Moïse  Roberto A. Santilli 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(3):204-212

This report describes transient trifascicular block in three cats presented with lethargy and inappetence, and elevated cardiac troponin I concentrations.The electrocardiogram (ECG) of cat 1 showed a sinus rhythm with pronounced first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, right bundle branch block, and left anterior fascicular block. The ECG of cat 2 showed truncular left bundle branch block alternating with left anterior fascicular block coupled with prolonged PR intervals, second-degree heart block, and paroxysmal third-degree AV block. The ECG of cat 3 showed first-degree AV block with concomitant right bundle branch block. The diagnosis of trifascicular block was made when paroxysmal third-degree AV block was documented.All cats recovered with medical management within weeks. Each cat resumed a sinus rhythm. Elevated cardiac troponin I concentrations suggested myocarditis that improved.  相似文献   

Species diversity and acquisition of gastrointestinal parasites in calves aged 0-13 months in periurban livestock production in Mali     

Wymann MN  Bonfoh B  Traore K  Tembely S  Zinsstag J 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(1):67-73

Post-mortem inspections on 51 calves were conducted to investigate acquisition and spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites in young calves in periurban livestock production in Mali. Generalized linear models with herd as a repeated effect were used to test the influence of management, age and season of birth on parasite numbers and diversity. Parasite number and burden increased with age. In the age class 4-13 months animals carried already up to eight different gastrointestinal parasite species. Parasite spectrum found included 11 nematodes, 3 cestodes and 1 protozoan parasite. The most frequent parasite species found were Haemonchus placei (age class 0-1 month: 7%, 1-4 months: 38%, 4-13 months: 69%), Cooperia pectinata (0%, 33% and 44%) and C. punctata (0%, 33% and 38%). Calves born during the rainy season had higher parasite burden and species diversity than calves born during the dry season. Calves kept under modernised management excreted more Strongyloides papillosus eggs than calves kept under traditional management. Calves acquired most of the parasites occurring in adult bovines in West Africa within their first year of life.  相似文献   

Accumulation of acaricide resistance mechanisms in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) populations from New Caledonia Island     

Chevillon C  Ducornez S  de Meeûs T  Koffi BB  Gaïa H  Delathière JM  Barré N 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,147(3-4):276-288

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus has been pesticide-controlled for several decades in the pacific island of New Caledonia. Since 1996, pesticide-control has been based on either deltamethrin (Butox) or amitraz (Taktic) in herds harbouring deltamethrin-resistant ticks. In this island, the first R. microplus deltamethrin- and amitraz-resistances were detected in 1992 and 2003, respectively. Using LPT bioassays, we have undertaken to update data regarding the geographical distribution and the physiological diversity likely to be involved in these resistances. We confirmed that after 17 years of intensive use of deltamethrin, several resistances of moderate levels (<30-fold) have evolved and/or diffused in any part of the island. We also evidenced that amitraz-resistant phenotypes have recently evolved in diverse western tick populations, although none has reached fixation in any tick population yet. According to synergists bioassays, the physiological changes involved in amitraz-resistance in New Caledonia would involve target modification and detoxifying P450 cytochrom oxydase(s). It may also involve detoxifying esterase(s) although this later point will need confirmation on samples bearing higher frequency of resistant phenotypes. Results are discussed with regard to the local evolutionary dynamics of resistance.  相似文献   

Mechanical comparison of an interlocking nail locked with conventional bolts to extended bolts connected with a type-IA external skeletal fixator in a tibial fracture model     

Goett SD  Sinnott MT  Ting D  Basinger RR  Haut RC  Déjardin LM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(3):279-286

OBJECTIVE: To compare the structural properties of interlocking nails (ILNs) locked with bolts (ILNb) to ILN locked with extended bolts connected with a type-IA external skeletal fixator (ILN-ESF) in a fracture gap model. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Synthetic tibial bone substitutes. METHODS: Custom-made synthetic tibial bone substitutes were implanted with standard ILNs locked with either bolts or extended bolts connected to an external skeletal fixation (ESF). Constructs were tested in torsion, bending, and axial compression (n=4/testing mode). Data, consisting of construct compliance and associated deformation, were compared using t-tests. RESULTS: The ILN-ESF construct compliance and deformation were significantly less than those of the ILNb construct in torsion, bending, and compression (P<.001). Slack was present in the ILNb construct under torsion and bending, but not in the ILN-ESF construct, regardless of testing mode. CONCLUSIONS: Substitution of locking bolts with extended bolts connected to an ESF significantly reduced the construct compliance and overall deformation in torsion, bending, and compression. Furthermore, the inherent slack of the ILNb was eliminated by the use of an ESF in torsion and bending. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The improvement in structural properties of the ILN-ESF constructs could diminish interfragmentary motion at the fracture site and potentially improve bone healing.  相似文献   

甜菜畸胎瘤诱导及基因转移     

王宇清 《作物学报》1985,11(3):159-162

致瘤农杆菌〔Agrobacterium tumefaciens(Smith and Townsend)Conn〕的 C_(58)T_(37)、B3/73菌株被用来感染 Beta vulgaris 和 B.maritima 二个种的106个品种和品系。在102个品种上诱导出冠瘿瘤,其中在2个 B.vulgaris 品种和一个野生杂种(B.maritima×B.vulgaris var.Cicla)诱导出畸胎瘤。利用不合激素的 MS 培养基初步分离出  相似文献   

Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line (GF-1) derived from grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton): a cell line susceptible to grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. C. Chi  W. W. Hu  B. J. Lo 《Journal of fish diseases》1999,22(3):173-182

A new continuous cell line (GF-1) was established and characterized. The GF-1 cell line, derived from the fin tissue of a grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton), was maintained in L15 medium containing 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) at 28 °C, and has been subcultured more than 160 times since 1995. The majority of GF-1 cells are fibroblast-like, together with some epithelioid cells. Spontaneous transformation of GF-1 cells occurred during subculture 50 to subculture 80, and led to an increase of plating efficiency, less requirement of FBS and de novo susceptibility to grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV). Cytopathic effects (CPEs) could be observed in GF-1 cells 3–5 days post-infection with pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), hard clam reovirus (HCRV), eel herpes virus Formosa (EHVF) and GNNV. In addition, abundant GNNV particles were found in the cytoplasm of GNNV-infected GF-1 cells using electron microscopy and nucleic acids of GNNV virus were detected by polymerase chain reaction in the culture medium of GNNV-infected cells after CPE appeared. The experimental results indicated that GF-1 can effectively proliferate fish nodavirus and is a promising tool for studying fish nodavirus.  相似文献   

Glochidial infestation of fish by the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel Unio crassus          下载免费PDF全文

Adam M. Ćmiel  Katarzyna Zając  Anna M. Lipińska  Tadeusz Zając 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(3):535-544

Phenotypic indicators for cultured pearl size improvement in the black‐lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera): towards selection for the recipient growth performance          下载免费PDF全文

Chin‐Long Ky  Philippe Cabral  Cédrik Lo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(8):4132-4142

The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed species in French Polynesia and the basis of the most valuable export industry. Mass production of black pearls relies on a surgical operation requiring tissue from a donor pearl oyster to be grafted, together with a nucleus made of shell, into the gonad of a recipient oyster. Improving pearl size through family selection remains one of the main challenges for future aquaculture development. This study analyses the relative contribution of donor and recipient oysters to pearl size. To this end, hatchery‐produced donor oysters of two batches, large and small (based on shell height), were used to supply grafts for recipients, which were then monitored individually for their growth performance by recording shell height, width, and thickness, and total live weight (flesh + shells) every 6 months (four biometric measurement times) over 20 months of culture. Pearls issued from the two batches of donors showed no significant differences in nacre weight or thickness. In contrast, recipient oyster shell height and total weight were increasingly positively correlated with these pearl size parameters over the culture period, becoming significant at 8 months post‐grafting. Potential therefore exists to use shell height and oyster weight as phenotypic indicators for selective breeding of recipient oysters with high growth performance to increase pearl size in P. margaritifera.  相似文献   

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta,Salmonidae)     

Marie Nevoux  Bengt Finstad  Jan Grimsrud Davidsen  Ross Finlay  Quentin Josset  Russell Poole  Johan Hjesj  Kim Aarestrup  Lo Persson  Oula Tolvanen  Bror Jonsson 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(6):1051-1082

This paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life‐history decisions. These are intra‐ and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice, introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life‐history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research.  相似文献