不同原料制备生物柴油生命周期能耗和排放评价   总被引：29，自引：4，他引：29  

胡志远  谭丕强  楼狄明  董尧清 《农业工程学报》2006,22(11):141-146

建立了大豆、油菜籽、光皮树和麻疯树4种原料制生物柴油生命周期能源消耗和排放评价模型，并对其进行了生命周期能源消耗和排放评价。结果表明：与石化柴油比较，大豆和油菜籽制生物柴油生命周期整体能源消耗与石化柴油基本相当；光皮树和麻疯树制生物柴油的生命周期整体能源消耗比石化柴油低约10%；所有原料制生物柴油生命周期化石能源消耗显著降低，生命周期HC、CO、PM₁₀、SOx和CO₂排放降低，NOx排放升高。  相似文献   

Effect of Rice Residues on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil of Subtropical China     

Yunsheng Lou  Lixuan Ren  Zhongpei Li  Taolin Zhang  Kazuyuki Inubushi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,178(1-4):157-168

A pot incubation experiment with rice residues (straw and root) was conducted under aerobic condition (60% of WHC, water holding capacity) for a period of 55 days in a greenhouse. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were determined by the closed chamber method in a paddy soil. The soil was derived from quaternary red clay, and collected from the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Jiangxi Province, a subtropical region of China. The emissions of CO₂ and N₂O were increased by the amendment of rice residues. Significantly positive correlation was found between N₂O and CO₂ fluxes (R = 0.650*?0.870*, P ≤ 0.05). The cumulative emissions during the early stage of the incubation (<25 days after residue addition) accounted for about 67%–86% and 67%–80% of the total amount of CO₂ and N₂O emissions, respectively. Cumulative emissions and emission factors of the two gases were higher in the soils amended with rice straw than those with rice root. The two gas fluxes were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and N, as well as soluble organic C. N₂O flux was positively correlated with NH₄ ⁺–N content at the early stage (<25 days), and negatively with NO₃ ^?–N content at the later stage of this incubation (25–55 days), implying that both nitrification and denitrification may have contributed to N₂O production.  相似文献   

QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dong Fu  Liang Chen  Guohui Yu  Yi Liu  Qiaojun Lou  Hanwei Mei  Liang Xiong  Mingshou Li  Xiaoyan Xu  Lijun Luo 《Euphytica》2011,180(2):209-218

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.  相似文献   

基于ComGIS的农用地分等单元及属性数据获取方法研究     

聂艳 周勇陈年山  娄人英 《华中农业大学学报》2004,23(4):416-420

以湖北省荆州市荆州区农用地分等评价为例，提出了在基于组件式地理信息系统(ComGIS)的农用地评价中，以矢量化并经校正后的土地利用现状图、土壤图、地貌图进行叠加产生的土地资源类型图作为农用地评价单元图，并通过与样点综合评价因素图层进行叠置分析来获取评价单元属性数据的新思路。在实际工作中取得了良好的效果，减少了工作量，提高了分等结果的科学性。  相似文献   

茶花鸡主要数量性状的遗传分析     

谢璞  宋立 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,4(4):272-277

 本文按不同世代和不同性别分别估计茶花鸡主要数量性状的表型、遗传参数。结果表明,90日龄体重0至2代公鸡分别为539.40g,604.63g,609.50g;母鸡分别是598.20g,602.58g,606.40g.同0代相比,开产日龄提早7.07天,开产蛋重增加4.91g,300,500日龄产蛋量增加4.57和11.41个。本文着重估计3月龄体重遗传力,公鸡1代为0.34,2代为0.298,母鸡则是0.344和0.331;同代不同年度、不同性别合并估计为0.401和0.512,3月龄体重与开产日龄等21对性状间的遗传、表型相关在数值上存在一定的差异。  相似文献   

绍兴市农业气象灾害发生特点及防灾措施     

杨祥珠  娄伟平 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(4)

分析了绍兴市干旱、台风、洪涝、低温冻害等主要农业气象灾害的发生特点和近几年农业气象灾害变化特征,进而提出了防灾措施。  相似文献   

武定鸡早期肉用性能遗传规律的研究     

娄义洲  谢璞  宋立 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,2(1):61-67

 本文对武定鸡90日龄活重、胸角、龙骨长及屠体性状的遗传规律初步进行了探讨。材料取自我校鸡场1985年1～6月两批出雏的各200只纯繁殖鸡种,测定诸性状的平均数、标准差。遗传分析用单元内半同胞相关法,将不同季节及性别不同资料合并,计算活重遗传力为0.364,龙骨0.1843,胸角0.376,屠体十个性状的遗传力最高是全净膛重0.8748,最低屠体重0.1,此外着重分析活重、龙骨长、胸角度与屠体主要性状的表型相关、遗传相关及环境相关。结果活重与胸角度、龙骨长间存在较高的遗传相关(0.425、0.4652)。而这三个性状,又与屠体诸性状的主要性状间呈较强的正相关。因此通过对活重等三个性状的辅助选择,有可能提高选种的准确性,从而提高遗传改进量。  相似文献   

草鱼、鲢、鳙秋繁及其对次年春繁的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐庆登  张成安  孙桂尧  刘才兆  钱 《上海水产大学学报》1993,(Z1)

1991年秋催产草鱼、鲂、鲢、鳙亲鱼256组,共获鱼苗5040万尾。平均催产率78.2%,受精率71.9%,孵化率75.4%。秋繁鱼苗当年可育成10cm以上鲢、鳙鱼种和8cm以上草鱼、鲂鱼种。鱼苗到鱼种成活率为37.2%。秋繁亲鱼次年春繁催产率、受精率和孵化率基本不受影响,产卵量比往年未秋繁者低6.8%～9.6%,卵径、卵粒重和鱼苗体长等无显著差异。草鱼、鲢、鳙卵母细胞发育不同步,春繁后经60天左右强化培育,卵巢中未成熟的卵母细胞可发育成熟。  相似文献   

水稻白叶枯病诱导抗性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周乐聪  罗宽  陈寊 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(1)

选用5个非亲和性和2个亲和性的稻白叶枯菌菌株、15种化学诱导物、9个水稻品种进行了水稻白叶枯病诱导抗性的研究.非亲和性菌株75-1,75-1-49和78-3对亲和性菌株76-25-17有较好的抗性诱导效果.在8个不同品种分蘖期用75-1接种5d 以后再以76-25-17接种,对后者的局部抗性和系统抗性诱导效果之间均存在显著差异,仅密阳46和74-105有较明显的系统抗性相对诱导效果,分别为21.51%和17.93%,而所有品种都有很好的局部抗性相对诱导效果,除杭18为24.98%外,其余7个品种均在43.06%～56.03%之间.金刚30和窄叶青8号,经75-1和78-3诱导接种的叶片以及诱导接种后再经76-25-17挑战接种的叶片提取液对76-25-17均有明显的抑制作用.15种化学诱导物中以补骨脂、重楼、刺五加及麻黄的相对抗性诱导效果最好,分别为20.62%,16.28%,15.56%和15.05%.这4种中药均有不同程度的抑菌作用,但其抑菌能力与抗性诱导效果之间无相关性.  相似文献   

农村职业技术教育发展制约因素分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

楼世洲 《中国农业教育》2005,48(1):39-40,38

可从系统内部和系统外部两方面剖析制约农村职业技术教育发展的因素，内部因素分析包括行政成本、补偿机制、职业准入制度等，外部环境分析涉及政治制度、社会经济、历史文化等多个维度。两方面的分析结果表明，现有外部环境制约了农村职业技术教育发展可获得的外部资源，在传统管理体制下，教育部门难以进一步优化农村职业教育的资源配置。  相似文献