Above and belowground litter decomposition of cover crops grazed at different intensities     

Erick R. S. Santos  José C. B. Dubeux Jr.  Cheryl Mackowiak  Lynn E. Sollenberger  Gustavo D. Farias  Bruno G. C. Homem  David M. Jaramillo  Luana Q. S. D. Zagato  Luana M. Dantas Queiroz  David L. Wright  Nicolas DiLorenzo  Martin Ruiz-Moreno 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(3):376-389

Grazing cover crops may increase land-use efficiency while promoting sustainability. We investigated how grazing intensity affects cover crop litter quantity, quality, decomposition, and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N uptake. Cover crops were a mixture of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) managed as follows: no grazing +34 kg N ha⁻¹ (NG34), no grazing +90 kg N ha⁻¹ (NG90), heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG), and light grazing (LG). Grazed treatments received 90 kg N ha⁻¹. After cover crop termination, above- and belowground litter was collected and incubated in situ for 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 days, with cotton plants sampled on the same days to estimate N recovery and synchrony between N release from litter and uptake by cotton. By Day 128, only 13% of initial NG34 aboveground biomass had disappeared, whereas 42% of HG disappeared. Nitrogen retained in aboveground litter of HG was less than NG90 (27 vs. 60 kg N ha⁻¹), and aboveground final N stock (at Day 128) of HG was less than NG90 and LG (16, 47, and 41 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively). Belowground litter contributed 98 kg N ha⁻¹ versus 46 for aboveground. Belowground N disappearance from litter bags was greater from NG90 than NG34 (39 vs. 21 kg N ha⁻¹). Cotton N uptake by Day 128 was similar across treatments (191 kg N ha⁻¹). Grazing cover crops impact aboveground litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates, and belowground litter plays an important role on the N cycling.  相似文献   

Essential oil of Lippia alba in the diet of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Effects on antioxidant enzymes and growth parameters     

Luana Cagol  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Alexssandro Geferson Becker  Carine de Freitas Souza  Berta Maria Heinzmann  Braulio Otomar Caron  Francisco Assis Leone  Lilian Dena dos Santos  Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2243-2251

The juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (0.060 ± 0.004 g and 2.018 ± 0.071 cm) were fed during 60 days with diets containing different doses of Lippia alba essential oil (EOLA) (0.0—control, 1.0, or 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet; in triplicate, with 20 prawns/replicate). After the experimental period, were verified the survival, growth parameters and the antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and Na/K‐ATPase activities in hepatopancreas and gills, respectively, of the animals. There were no significant differences on survival, growth parameters and gill Na/K‐ATPase activity. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities were lower in hepatopancreas of prawns fed with 1.0 ml EOLA/kg diet compared to the control. Moreover, the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase was higher in hepatopancreas of prawns that received 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet compared to those fed with 1.0 ml EOLA/kg diet. Although the addition of both EOLA doses has not improved the survival and growth parameters of M. rosenbergii, these doses contributed to decrease lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the dose of 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet contributed for increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities in the hepatopancreas, improving antioxidant status, and therefore, it can be recommended as diet supplementation for M. rosenbergii.  相似文献   

Biophysical parameters of coffee crop estimated by UAV RGB images     

dos Santos  Luana Mendes  Ferraz  Gabriel Araújo e Silva  Barbosa  Brenon Diennevan de Souza  Diotto  Adriano Valentim  Maciel  Diogo Tubertini  Xavier  Letícia Aparecida Gonçalves 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(6):1227-1241

Precision Agriculture - The advance of digital agriculture combined with computational tools and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has enabled the collection of data for reliably extracting...  相似文献   

A method for cultivating molluscs     

Henry W. Moeller  Steven Giordano 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1975,5(2):215-218

Molluscs can be cultivated as well as transferred from one rearing site to another by enclosing discrete groups of molluscs in the interior of a tube of netting material. The resulting tube is then attached to a floating raft for raft culture or buried in a suitable benthic sediment. After a sufficient period of time the molluscs are harvested, retained in the netting for depuration, or shipped directly to market.  相似文献   

Survival of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in weeds     

Daniele M. Nascimento  Letícia R. Oliveira  Luana L. Melo  João C. Silva  José M. Soman  Karine T. Girotto  Renan P. Eburneo  Marcos R. Ribeiro-Junior  Maria M. P. Sartori  Tadeu A. F. Silva Júnior  Antonio C. Maringoni 《Plant pathology》2020,69(7):1357-1367

Weeds are important alternative hosts of pathogens, responsible for the survival and spread of phytopathogenic bacteria. Our study evaluated the potential of weeds as hosts of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), causal agent of bacterial wilt, one of the main diseases of common beans. Cff survival was evaluated in the phyllosphere and in the rhizosphere of 21 weeds, in four experiments under field conditions, during the years 2018 and 2019. The aerial part of the plant was inoculated by spraying bacterial suspension (10⁷ cfu/ml) of Cff, while the soil of the growing pots was infested with the same suspension. Cff survival was evaluated every 7 days, for 70 days. The identity of the bacterium was confirmed by PCR with the specific primers CffFOR2 and CffREV4, from strains recovered from all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that high temperatures and rainfall reduced Cff survival in the phyllosphere, while high temperatures reduced the survival of the bacterium in the rhizosphere. Our results demonstrated that Amaranthus viridis (family Amaranthaceae), Conyza bonariensis, Emilia fosbergii, Galinsoga parviflora, Gnaphalium purpureum (Asteraceae), Raphanus sativus, Lepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae), Commelina benghalensis (Commelinaceae), Ipomoea triloba (Convolvulaceae), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae), Senna obtusifolia (Fabaceae), Digitaria insularis (Poaceae), Nicandra physalodes, and Solanum americanum (Solanaceae) are potential hosts for Cff. Their eradication in common bean fields is recommended, especially in fields with a history of bacterial wilt occurrence.  相似文献   

A case of oculo‐cerebral B‐cell lymphoma in a cat     

Cristina Giordano  Chiara Giudice  Claudio Bellino  Antonio Borrelli  Antonio D’Angelo  Paola Gianella 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(1):77-81

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Agriculture–urban water transfers: a case study of Hyderabad, South-India     

Mattia Celio  Mark Giordano 《Paddy and Water Environment》2007,5(4):229-237

Hyderabad is one of the fastest growing cities in India. To meet its rapidly expanding water needs, it constructed and began withdrawals from the Singur reservoir, located on a tributary of the Godavari River, in 1991. Administrative rules define allocation of water from the reservoir but prioritize Hyderabad urban needs over much longer established agricultural uses. Furthermore, the agricultural sector receives less water than even these rules allow, and urban withdrawals have changed the quantity and the timing of the water, which is available to agriculture. An increase in groundwater use by farmers may have been one response to these changes, with possible implications for surface and groundwater users further downstream. While proposals have been put forth to compensate the agricultural sector in general and the farmers directly affected by reallocation, for example by improving access to wastewater for irrigation downstream from Hyderabad or by conveying wastewater for irrigation purposes downstream Singur reservoir, compensation has not been implemented to date. The Hyderabad case study clearly highlights the advantages for devising and implementing arrangements to regulate the transfer of water from agriculture to cities, allowing a move from sectoral competition for water to efficient management of a scarce resource.

Mattia CelioEmail:

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Soil organic carbon temperature sensitivity of different soil types and land use systems in the Brazilian semi‐arid region     

Stocio Malta Ferreira Maia  Giordano Bruno Medeiros Gonzaga  Leilane Kristine dos Santos Silva  Guilherme Bastos Lyra  Tmara Cludia de Araújo Gomes 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(3):433-442

Quantifying the sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition (SOM) to global warming is critical for predict future impacts of climate change on soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) and soil respiration, especially in semi‐arid regions such as north‐eastern Brazil, where SOC stocks are naturally small. In this study, the responses of the labile and recalcitrant carbon components and soil respiration dynamics were evaluated in three different soil types and land use systems (native vegetation, cropland and pasture) of the Brazilian semi‐arid region, when submitted to temperature increase. After 169 days of incubation, the results showed that an increase of 5°C generated an average increase in CO₂ emission of 12.0%, but which could reach 28.1%. Overall, the labile carbon (LC) in areas of native vegetation showed greater sensitivity to temperature than in cropland areas. It was also observed that recalcitrant carbon (RC) was more sensitive to warming than LC. Our results indicate that Brazil's semi‐arid region presents a substantial vulnerability to global warming, and that the sensitivity of RC and of LC in areas of native vegetation to warming can enhance SOC losses, contributing to positive feedback on climate change, and compromising the productive systems of the region. However, further studies evaluating other types of soil and texture and management systems should be carried out to consolidate the results obtained and to improve the understanding about SOM decomposition in the Brazilian semi‐arid region.  相似文献   

Circadian clock control by SUMOylation of BMAL1     

Cardone L  Hirayama J  Giordano F  Tamaru T  Palvimo JJ  Sassone-Corsi P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5739):1390-1394

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Short-term Evaluation of Serum Amyloid A after Exercise in Clinically Healthy Horses     

Luca Giori DVM  Pierangelo Moretti DVM  Alessia Giordano DVM  PhD  Dipl ECVCP  Saverio Paltrinieri DVM  PhD  Dipl ECVCP 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(9):499-501

Serum amyloid A (SAA), the major equine acute-phase protein, is often measured after the race to investigate whether poor performances could depend on inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an increase in concentration of SAA in serum samples collected from 12 clinically healthy Standardbred horses 1 hour after a standard race. Exercise induced an increase in red blood cells, hematocrit, and total proteins but not in SAA. However, a two- to threefold increase of SAA concentration as compared with prerace values was found in three horses. In conclusion, the concentration of SAA in most of the samples collected 1 hour after the race remains unchanged as compared with prerace samples. However, individual variability in response to exercise exists. The evaluation of SAA immediately after the race is not clinically useful.  相似文献