Effect of fertilizer application on the yield,protein and fat content,and protein quality of raw and cooked grain of three amaranth species     

Ricardo Bressani  Jorge Mario Gonzalez  Luiz G. Elias  Mario Melgar 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(1):59-67

Four selections of three amaranth species were used in the study:A. cruentus (US Rodale 82S-1034),A. hypochondriacus (US Rodale 81S-1024).A. caudatus (Cusco, Peru CAC-2002) andA. cruentus (GUA-17). These were fertilized with levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha of a 12-24-12 fertilizer formulation applied to experimental plots 3×4m² in four replications. The harvested grain was used for protein and fat analysis, and for protein quality evaluations on raw and on heat processed samples.A. cruentus (US) andA. hypochondriacus flowered at 43–44 days at 60 and 43cm, respectively,A. caudatus (Peru) at 51 days and 65cm, andA. cruentus (Gua) at 50 days and 80cm height. Days at harvest varied from 100 to 129 days at heights of 125 to 180cm. Yield of grain fromA. hypochondriacus (US) andA. cruentus (Gua) was higher than forA. cruentus (US) andA. caudatus, but did not differ for each pair. although not influencing yield, the application of fertilizer increased protein content forA. caudatus (Peru) from 12.35 to 14.50%; but not the protein content of the other selections. The fat content was affected differently in all four selections. The application of fertilizer did not affect protein quality either in raw or processed grain. On the other hand, processing increased protein quality, food intake, and animal performance significantly most clearly seen withA. cruentus (US) andA. caudatus (Peru) and to a lesser extent forA. hypochondriacus (US) andA. cruentus (Gua)). The data obtained showed inconsistent effects on yield and chemical composition, and no effect on protein quality with fertilizer application.  相似文献   

Effect of the simultaneous interaction among ascorbic acid, iron and pH on the oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions     

Branco GF  Rodrigues MI  Gioielli LA  Castro IA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12183-12192

The objective of this study was to demonstrate how different factors can simultaneously influence the oxidative stability of an oil-in-water emulsion, and how these factors can be used to enlarge the variation range of oxidation markers, expressed as peroxide value (PV) and TBARS. Initially, a Plackett-Burman design was used to screen seven factors (temperature, pH, and iron, copper, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, and sodium chloride concentrations). A temperature elevation of 30 to 60 °C reduced PV and TBARS, a pH change from 3.0 to 7.0 increased PV and reduced TBARS, and the presence of ascorbic acid (1 mmol/L) had no significant effect on PV but increased TBARS (p < 0.05). Thus, the temperature was fixed at 30 °C, and an emulsion was formulated with different combinations of ascorbic acid, iron, and pH according to a central composite rotatable design. Regression models were fitted to PV and TBARs responses and optimized to get the higher values of both markers of oxidation. The optimized emulsion contained 1.70 mmol/L AH (ascorbic acid) and 0.885 mmol/L FeSO(4) · 7H(2)O (1.0 mmol/L Fe(2+)) at pH 5.51 and 30 °C. The range of variation observed for oxidation markers in the optimized emulsion model (PV, 0-4.27 mequiv/L; TBARS, 0-13.55 mmol/L) was larger than the variation observed in the nonoptimized model (PV, 0-1.05 mequiv/L; TBARS, 0-1.00 mmol/L). The antioxidant activity of six compounds (Trolox, α-tocopherol, caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, and TBHQ) was evaluated using the optimized emulsion conditions. After application of the Tukey HSD post hoc statistical test, the samples that were not different (p < 0.05) in the nonoptimized emulsions showed a significant difference in the optimized emulsions. Considering the importance of the interactions on oxidation studies, our model represents a significant improvement in a direct methodology that can be applied to evaluate natural compounds under different combination of factors.  相似文献   

What is your neurologic diagnosis? Hyperadrenocorticism     

Cisneros LE  Palumbo MI  Mortari AC  Rahal SC  Resende LA  Vulcano LC  Borges AS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(10):1247-1249

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Performance and meat quality traits of beef heifers fed with two levels of concentrate and ruminally undegradable protein     

Duarte Mde S  Paulino PV  Valadares Filho Sde C  Paulino MF  Detmann E  Zervoudakis JT  Monnerat JP  Viana Gda S  Silva LH  Serão NV 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):877-886

The effects of two levels of concentrate and ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) on performance, intake, digestibility, carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, and commercial cuts yield were assessed. Twenty crossbred heifers (240 kg average body weight) were used. At the beginning of the trial, four animals were slaughtered as reference group and the 16 remaining animals were randomly assigned to four treatments, in a 2 × 2 factorial design: two levels of concentrate (40% and 80%, dry matter (DM) basis) and two levels of RUP (48.79% and 27.19% of CP). At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered. There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between concentrate and RUP levels. Dry matter intake and nutrients digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05) by RUP level. Heifers fed the highest RUP level had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG). Concentrate level did not affect (P > 0.05) DMI and ADG. Heifers fed diets with 80% concentrate had greater intake of TDN and EE, and lower intake of NDF (P < 0.05). The digestibilities of all nutrients, except the NDF, were greater (P < 0.05) for the 80% concentrate diets. The RUP levels did not affect (P > 0.05) the carcass characteristics and carcass gain composition. Heifers fed 80% concentrate diets had larger (P < 0.05) longissimus muscle area and lower gain of bones (P < 0.05). Concentrate level did not affect (P > 0.05) the composition of carcass gain. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of RUP and concentrate levels on meat quality traits and commercial cut yields.  相似文献   

Skin and coat traits in sheep in Brazil and their relation with heat tolerance   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Concepta McManus  Helder Louvandini  Rosilene Gugel  Luiz Cláudio Bastos Sasaki  Eliandra Bianchini  Francisco Ernesto Moreno Bernal  Samuel Rezende Paiva  Tiago Prado Paim 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):121-126

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare physical parameters in groups of sheep with different phenotypic characteristics in the Centre-west region of Brazil. Five groups of sheep, with nine animals per group, were selected, three groups of Santa Inês animals with different coat colours (white, brown and black), one group with crossbred animals (Santa Inês × Bergamasca) and one group with animals of the Bergamasca breed. The following traits were evaluated: coat thickness, number and length of hair, pigmentation level in the coat and the skin as well as the percentage area of sweats glands in the skin tissue, carried out by histological analysis. The number of hairs and the area of sweats glands were not significantly different between the evaluated groups. The Bergamasca breed showed low pigmentation of the skin and long hairs. The levels of pigmentation of the hair and of the skin were highly correlated. Between the Santa Inês groups, the group with white hair showed the better parameters for heat adaptation, while the brown hair group showed the lower heat adaptation when compared with another hair breed groups.  相似文献   

Efficacy of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene combination spot-on for dogs against adult dog fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, Curtis, 1826)     

Bouhsira E  Yoon SS  Roques M  Manavella C  Vermot S  Cramer LG  Ollagnier C  Franc M 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(4):351-353

A novel spot-on formulation combining fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene (CERTIFECT?, Merial Limited, GA, USA) was evaluated in adult Beagle dogs in a study to determine its adulticidal efficacy against the dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis, Curtis, 1826). Sixteen dogs were randomly allocated to treatment groups: 8 dogs served as untreated controls, and 8 dogs were treated once. Treatment consisted of applying a new combination formulation to deliver at least 6.7mg fipronil/kg body weight (bw), 8.0mg amitraz/kg bw, and 6.0mg (S)-methoprene/kg bw. The combination was designed to enhance the efficacy against ticks of the original fipronil/(S)-methoprene combination. Each dog was infested with 100 adult unfed dog fleas within 24h prior to treatment and then at weekly intervals for 8 weeks after treatment. At 24h after treatment or after each subsequent infestation, each dog was combed thoroughly to remove live fleas to be counted. A single treatment with CERTIFECT provided excellent knock-down of fleas within 24h after treatment and controlled re-infestations for up to 7 weeks (efficacy ≥96.5%, p<0.05).  相似文献   

Prior and concomitant dehydroepiandrosterone treatment affects immunologic response of cultured macrophages infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro?     

Kuehn CC  Oliveira LG  Santos CD  Augusto MB  Toldo MP  do Prado JC 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(3-4):242-246

DHEA, a steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol by cells of the adrenal cortex, plays an essential role in enhancing the host's resistance to different experimental infections. Receptors for this hormone can be found in distinct immune cells (especially macrophages) that are known to be the first line defense against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. These cells operate through an indirect pathway releasing nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such TNF-α and IL-12 which in turn trigger an enhancement of natural killer cells and lymphocytes which finally secrete pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of pre- and post-infection DHEA treatment on production of IL-12, TNFα and NO were evaluated. T. cruzi infected macrophages post treated with DHEA displayed enhanced concentrations of TNF-α, IL-12 and NO. Probably, the mechanisms that induced the production of cytokines by infected cells are more efficient when the immune system has been stimulated first by parasite invasion, suggesting that the protective role of DHEA is greater when administered post infection.  相似文献   

Use of crude, FML and rK39 antigens in ELISA to detect anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in Felis catus     

da Silveira Neto L  Sobrinho LS  Martins CO  Machado RZ  Marcondes M  de Lima VM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(3-4):374-377

Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and represents a serious public health problem. The dog is the main urban reservoir of the disease; however, investigations regarding the occurrence and epidemiological importance of leishmaniasis in cats have recently been initiated. This study aimed to detect cats seropositive for Leishmania spp. using different antigens. Additional studies were performed using sera from cats with Toxoplasma gondii (n=15) to evaluate cross-reactivity. Serum samples (n=113) from cats living in the town of Ara?atuba, State of S?o Paulo, Brazil, an endemic area for human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, were tested by indirect ELISA using different antigens: crude (CAG-ELISA), fucose-mannose ligand (FML-ELISA) and K39 (rK39-ELISA). Anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected in 23.0% of samples evaluated by CAG-ELISA, 13.3% by FML-ELISA and 15.9% by RK39-ELISA. Only reactive sera in all three tests were considered truly positive. No disagreement occurred among the tests (p<0.05). Serum samples seropositive for toxoplasmosis tested by CAG-ELISA were negative, but one sample (6.7%) was positive for FML-ELISA and rK39-ELISA suggesting a cross-reaction between these antigens and anti-T. gondii antibodies. These findings indicate the occurrence of feline leishmaniasis in Ara?atuba. Further studies are required to clarify the role of cats in the epidemiological cycle of leishmaniasis.  相似文献   

Characterization of a Brazilian clayey soil submitted to conventional and no-tillage management practices using pore size distribution analysis     

Fabio Augusto Meira Cssaro  Angelo Kuhn Borkowski  Luiz Fernando Pires  Jadir Aparecido Rosa  Srgio da Costa Saab 《Soil & Tillage Research》2011,111(2):175-179

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Genome-wide association study for age at puberty in young Nelore bulls     

Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza  Eliane Vianna da Costa e Silva  Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira Silva  Luiz Carlos Cesar da Costa Filho  Fernanda Battistotti Barbosa  Gustavo Guerino Macedo  Raysildo B. Lobo  Fernando Baldi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):234-244

Selection for bulls that would reach puberty early reduces the generation interval and increases fertility and herd productivity. Despite its economic importance, there are few QTL associated with age at puberty described in the literature. In this study, a weighted single-step genome-wide association study was performed to detect genomic regions and putative candidate genes related to age at puberty in young Nelore bulls. Several protein-coding genes related to spermatogenesis functions were identified within the genomic regions that explain more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance for age at puberty in Nelore bulls, such as ADAM11, BRCA1, CSNK2A, CREBBP, MEIOC, NDRG2, NECTIN3, PARP2, PARP9, PRSS21, RAD51C, RNASE4, SLX4, SPA17, TEX14, TIMP2 and TRIP13 gene. Enrichment analysis by DAVID also revealed several GO terms related to spermatogenesis such as DNA replication (GO:0006260), male meiosis I (GO:0007141), double-strand break repair (GO:0006302), base excision repair (GO:0006284), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), cell–cell adhesion (GO: 0098609) and focal adhesion (GO:0005925). The heritability for age at puberty shows that this trait can be improved based on traditional EBV selection. Adding genomic information to the system helps to elucidate genes and molecular mechanisms controlling the sexual precocity and could help to predict sexual precocity in Nelore bulls with greater accuracy at younger age, which would speed up the breeding programme for this breed.  相似文献