Prevalence of honeybee viruses in Apis mellifera in Gifu prefecture of Japan     

Yuko KITAMURA  Justice Opare ODOI  Makoto NAGAI  Tetsuo ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1948

Viral infection damages honeybee colony health. Viruses can be carried by queen bees and apicultural production materials when imported from foreign countries. We investigated seven honeybee viruses in worker bees (Apis mellifera) from 26 healthy apiaries in Gifu, Japan between 2018 and 2019. Black queen cell virus (BQCV) was detected in 23 (88.5%) of the apiaries, followed by Israeli acute paralysis virus (42.3%), deformed wing virus (DWV) (38.5%), and sacbrood virus (3.8%). In phylogenetic analysis, BQCV and DWV in Gifu were related to those in China and South Korea. Additionally, a high prevalence of BQCV was observed among worker bees in BQCV-positive colonies. Therefore, BQCV horizontal transmission among worker bees may contribute to the high prevalence of BQCV in Gifu.  相似文献   

Composites of wood andtrans-1,4-isoprene rubber 1: Mechanical, physical, and flow behavior     

Fauzi Febrianto  Mariko Yoshioka  Yuko Nagai  Makoto Mihara  Nobuo Shiraishi 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(1):38-45

The modification oftrans-1,4-isoprene rubber (TIR) with maleic anhydride (MAH) was conducted in a kneader at 150°C, 30–70 rpm, for 10 min without using peroxide. The resultant MAH-modified TIR (MTIR) was then evaluated as a compatibilizer for TIR-wood flour (WF) composites. A control composite composed of TIR and WF only was also prepared. The presence of WF in the TIR-WF composite worsened the tensile and some physical properties. The addition of 5% MTIR as a compatibilizer to the whole composite improved the mechanical and the physical properties and increased the flow temperature and the melt viscosity. The improved composite had a 2.5 times increase in tensile strength and absorbed considerably less water than did the control composite. The SEM micrograph proved that interaction and adhesion between TIR and WF could be improved by the MTIR compatibilizer. The composites of TIR-MTIR-WF melts were of pseudoplastic nature, and their flows obeyed the Ostwald de Waele power law equation.  相似文献   

Biobleaching of unbleached and oxygen-bleached hardwood kraft pulp by culture filtrate containing manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase fromPhanerochaete chrysosporium     

Takeshi Iimori  Shoichi Miyawaki  Makoto Machida  Kunichika Murakami 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(6):451-456

Unbleached and oxygen-bleached hardwood kraft pulp (UKP and OKP), respectively, were bleached with a culture filtrate containing manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) fromPhanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. The brightness increases of UKP upon biobleaching with the culture filtrate with and without MnSO₄ were the same. The brightness increase of OKP with MnSO₄ decreased to about half that seen without MnSO₄. Changes in the brightness of UKP and OKP by treatment with the culture filtrate were determined. The brightness increased sharply by about eight points during the first 3h. The 3-h treatment was repeated seven times. The brightness increased linearly with the bleaching of UKP. On bleaching of OKP, the brightness increased slowly and stopped at about 78%.Part of this report was presented at the 62nd Pulp and Paper Research Conference of the Japan Tappi, Tokyo, June 1995  相似文献   

Larval period and molting in the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus under laboratory conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shintaro Sekine  Yasuhiro Shima  Hiroshi Fushimi    Makoto Nonaka 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(1):19-24

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Free amino acid (FAA) analysis of phloem sap in hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and its parents Chinese Rice Research Newsletter     

Kazushige SOGAWA  Makoto HATTORI  LIU Guangjie 《水稻科学》2002,10(1):8

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Analysis on serum proteins from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to high temperature     

Shiro Itoi  Toshinao Ineno  Shigeharu Kinoshita  Yasushi Hirayama  Misako Nakaya  Makoto Kakinuma  Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):191-193

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Production of virus-free plantlets by anther culture of LiliumבEnchantment’     

Yoshiji Niimi  Dong-Sheng Han  Makoto Fujisaki 《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,90(3-4):325-334

Anthers of the LiliumבEnchantment’, excised at the uninucleate microspore stage, were cultured on MS media containing 6% sucrose with auxin and cytokinin. When anthers were cultured on the medium with 2 mg l⁻¹ picloram and zeatin, 12–86% of them formed nodular calli. Anthers excised from greenhouse- and field-grown plants showed different responses: anthers of greenhouse-grown plants had a significantly higher capability to form callus and regenerate bulblets than those of field-grown plants. In anthers from greenhouse-grown plants, bulblet formation was dependent on the time at which anthers were excised from donor plants: anthers collected from early forced mother-plants had a higher capability of forming bulblet than others. All regenerated plantlets were diploid, which was substantiated by histological observation showing that the anther-derived calli originated from anther wall tissues. Virus tests by ELISA were made for 49 plantlets selected randomly at transplanting: 20 plantlets (41%) were virus-free, and the rest showed positive reactions for lily symptomless virus, cucumber mosaic virus and/or tulip breaking virus.  相似文献   

Survey of mutations of a histidine kinase gene BcOS1 in dicarboximide-resistant field isolates of Botrytis cinerea     

Michiyo Oshima  Shinpei Banno  Kiyotsugu Okada  Taeko Takeuchi  Makoto Kimura  Akihiko Ichiishi  Isamu Yamaguchi  Makoto Fujimura 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(1):65-73

Previously, we cloned a putative osmosensing histidine kinase gene (BcOS1) and revealed that a single amino acid substitution, isoleucine to serine at codon 365, conferred dicarboximide resistance in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea. This point mutation (type I) occurred within the restriction enzyme TaqI site of the wild-type BcOS1 gene. Thus, a procedure was developed for detecting the type I mutation of the BcOS1 gene using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). Diagnosis by PCR-RFLP was conducted on the 105 isolates isolated from 26 fields in Japan. All dicarboximide-sensitive isolates (49 isolates) had the wild-type BcOS1 gene, and the 43 isolates with the type I mutation were resistant to dicarboximides without exception. These data indicate that dicarboximide-resistant isolates with type I mutation are widespread throughout Japan. However, other types of dicarboximide resistance were detected among isolates from Osaka; among the 24 resistant isolates from Osaka, 12 had the BcOS1 gene without the type I mutation. BcOS1 gene sequencing of these resistant isolates classified them into two groups, type II and type III. The type II isolates have three amino acid substitutions within BcOS1p (³⁶⁸Val to Phe, ³⁶⁹Gln to His, and ⁴⁴⁷Thr to Ser). The type III isolates have two amino acid substitutions within BcOS1p (³⁶⁹Gln to Pro and ³⁷³Asn to Ser). These amino acid changes are located on the amino acid repeat domain in BcOS1p. The three types of resistant isolates were all moderately resistant to dicarboximides without significant osmotic sensitivity, and their pathogenicity on cucumber leaves was also very similar to that of the wild-type isolate.  相似文献   

Immunohistological study on bovine, swine and ovine skeletal muscle fibers for the localization of fatty acid translocase FAT/CD36     

Taiko BANDA  Dhanapati NEUPANEY  Jin-bo KIM  Makoto ISHIOROSHI  Katsuji MARUKAWA  Hitoshi CHIBA  Tomoo ITO  Kunihiko SAMEJIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):155-159

The present immunohistological study was conducted to investigate the localization of fatty acid translocase CD36 (FAT/CD36) in the skeletal muscle (Biceps femoris) fibers of bovine, swine and ovine. The results showed that CD36 was mainly localized in type I muscle fiber of these animals. In contrast, FAT/CD36 localization in type II fiber was insignificant in the types of muscle in the present experiments, suggesting that type II fiber of bovine, swine and ovine might lack fatty acid translocase FAT/CD36.  相似文献   

Dietary supplementation with cellooligosaccharide improves growth performance in weanling pigs     

Makoto OTSUKA  Aiko ISHIDA  Yumi NAKAYAMA  Mamoru SAITO  Makoto YAMAZAKI  Hitoshi MURAKAMI  Yutaka NAKAMURA  Mitsuto MATSUMOTO  Katsuhiro MAMOTO  Ryozo TAKADA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(3):225-229

Nondigestible oligosaccharides are not digested in the small intestine, but are fermented by bacteria colonizing in the large intestine. Physiological effects of non‐digestible oligosaccharides have been considered to be conferred by the fermentation of bacteria colonizing in the large intestine. Because cellooligosaccharide is a non‐digestible oligosaccharide, various physiological effects are expected. However, physiological functions of cellooligosaccharide are not well understood. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of dietary supplementation with cellooligosaccharide on the growth performance in weanling pigs. The result showed that average daily gain was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed a diet supplemented with cellooligosaccharide than in pigs without cellooligosaccharide. There was a tendency to increasing average daily feed intake in pigs with cellooligosaccharide, though the significant difference was not detected (P = 0.18). Feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility of feces and ileum were not changed by feeding cellooligosaccharide. In addition, blood urea nitrogen was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the diet supplemented with cellooligosaccharide than in pigs without cellooligosaccharide. The concentrations of acetic and iso‐valeric acids in the cecum of pigs fed the diet with cellooligosaccharide tended to be higher (P < 0.10) than those without cellooligosaccharide. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with cellooligosaccharide improves growth performance in weanling pigs.  相似文献