Activation of pregnane X receptor and induction of MDR1 by dietary phytochemicals     

Satsu H  Hiura Y  Mochizuki K  Hamada M  Shimizu M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5366-5373

  相似文献   

Seasonal and Annual Fluxes of Inorganic Constituents in a Small Catchment of a Japanese Cedar Forest near the Sea of Japan     

Masato Kamisako  Hiroyuki Sase  Taeko Matsui  Hiroko Suzuki  Akiomi Takahashi  Takuji Oida  Makoto Nakata  Tsumugu Totsuka  Hiromasa Ueda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,195(1-4):51-61

Fluxes of major ions in rainfall (RF), throughfall plus stemflow (TF + SF), and stream water (SW) were measured for five water years in a small catchment of a Japanese cedar forest near the Sea of Japan. The fluxes of most ions in RF and in TF + SF, including the non-sea-salt constituents, increased from late autumn to midwinter owing to the seasonal westerly wind. The concentrations of most ions in SW showed no obvious seasonal trend during the study period, whereas ${\text{NO}}_3 ^ - $ concentrations were lowest in summer, with a small seasonality. The Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ outputs in SW were approximately 3.7 and 1.8 times the TF + SF inputs of these cations, respectively. The large net outputs of base cations in the catchment may indicate a decrease in the soil's acid-neutralizing capacity. Annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen inputs in RF and in TF + SF were 17.7 and 17.9 kg N ha^?1 year^?1, respectively, which exceeded previously published thresholds in Europe and the U.S. (i.e., the values at which these inputs increased ${\text{NO}}_3 ^ - $ levels in SW) and equaled the highest level of nitrogen deposition previously reported in Japan. The ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}} ^{\text{ - }} $ concentrations in SW were relatively high even in summer. During high-precipitation events, ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}} ^{\text{ - }} $ concentrations in SW increased with increasing water discharge, and the pH decreased simultaneously during several events. Nitrogen deposition may contribute to the high ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}} ^{\text{ - }} $ concentrations in SW and the temporary acidification that occurred during the rain events.  相似文献   

Effects of two novel Wx-A1 alleles of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on amylose and starch properties     

Makoto Yamamori  Kazutaka Yamamoto 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(2):229-235

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has three Wx proteins (Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1), which are granule-bound starch synthases I and are responsible for the amylose synthesis of flour starch. The effects of two novel Wx-A1 proteins identified by gel electrophoresis on amylose content and starch properties were analyzed. The variant Wx-A1 protein coded by the Wx-A1i allele was present in smaller amounts and produced less amylose (7.3%) compared to standard lines with the Wx-A1a allele (21.5%). Wx-A1i generated altered starch properties; greater swelling power (SP), glucoamylase digestibility, starch paste clarity, and gelatinization enthalpy in differential scanning calorimetry. The starch from Wx-A1i also showed an altered pasting profile on a Rapid Visco-Analyzer, greater peak viscosity, smaller final viscosity, and lower pasting temperature. The Wx-A1i allele is a novel genetic resource for reducing amylose content in wheat. The other Wx-A1 protein coded by the Wx-A1j allele showed a more basic isoelectric point compared to Wx-A1a on an electrophoretic gel. The amylose content of Wx-A1j did not differ from standard Wx-A1a. Starch SP, paste clarity, and glucoamylase digestibility also suggested that Wx-A1j produced amylose as much as Wx-A1a.  相似文献   

Characteristics of bamboo tissue in relation to cooling set     

Masamitsu Nakajima  Yuzo Furuta  Yutaka Ishimaru  Makoto Ohkoshi 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(2):107-112

To clarify the effects of tissue and structure of bamboo on its bending properties and set by cooling (bent at 90°C and cooled to 20°C with bending), the effects of set in bast-fiber-rich (B_fib) and parenchyma-cell-rich (B_par) specimens were investigated with regard to their dynamic viscoelastic properties, chemical composition, and recovery from deformation with time. The results are summarized as follows: (1) while no clear effect of the proportion of parenchyma cells and bast fibers on residual set immediately after cooling was found, the relative recovery from the deformation with time for B_fib was larger than that for B_par. (2) Slightly higher lignin content and a-cellulose were seen in B_fib than in B_par. (3) The peak temperature of loss modulus (E″) found for B_par, which was attributable to micro-Brownian motion of lignin, was obviously lower than that for B_fib. This was considered to be due to differences in the degree of condensation of lignin or higher-order structure. From these results, it was deduced that the bastfiber-rich specimen, which showed a higher peak temperature regarding thermal softening of lignin allowing the induction of insufficient thermal-softening in the range of 20° to 90°C, caused a larger recovery from deformation with time. Part of this report was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Akita, August 2006  相似文献   

Identification of novel haze-active beer proteins by proteome analysis     

Takashi Iimure  Nami Nankaku  Megumi Watanabe-Sugimoto  Naohiko Hirota  Zhou Tiansu  Makoto Kihara  Katsuhiro Hayashi  Kazutoshi Ito  Kazuhiro Sato 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009

Colloidal haze reduces beer quality considerably. Four haze samples were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) in order to identify haze-active proteins. Several protein spots were observed in all of the four haze samples. Using mass spectrometry analysis followed by a database search identified these spots as barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor (BDAI-1), CMb component of tetrameric alpha-amylase inhibitor (CMb) and trypsin inhibitor CMe precursor (CMe). These proteins were considered to be haze-active. Since haze-active proteins are adsorbed by silica gel in the beer filtration process, we eluted proteins adsorbed onto silica gel (PAS) and identified their species. These major PAS were identified as protein Z4, protein Z7 and trypsin/amylase inhibitor pUP13 (TAI), rather than BDAI-1, CMb and CMe. Furthermore, we analyzed proline compositions in the beer proteins, PAS and the haze proteins. Consequently, we found that the proline compositions of PAS were higher (ca. 20 mol%) than those in the beer proteins (ca. 10 mol%), although those of the haze-active proteins such as BDAI-1, CMb and CMe were 6.6–8.7 mol%. Our results suggest that BDAI-1, CMb and CMe are not predominant haze-active proteins, but growth factors of beer colloidal haze.  相似文献   

Depth profiling of photodegraded wood surfaces by confocal Raman microscopy     

Toru Kanbayashi  Yutaka Kataoka  Atsuko Ishikawa  Masahiro Matsunaga  Masahiko Kobayashi  Makoto Kiguchi 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(2):169-172

  相似文献   

Effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile,nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet          下载免费PDF全文

Makoto Miyaji  Hiroki Matsuyama  Kazuhisa Nonaka 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):134-139

This experiment aimed to determine the changes in chemical composition, fermentation profile, in situ disappearance characteristics, and nutrient losses of ensiled total mixed ration (TMR) containing steam‐flaked corn or brown rice (BR) during storage. TMRs for dairy cows, containing either steam‐flaked corn or BR at 31.9% with 15.2% rye silage, 40.5% alfalfa silage, 5.0% beet pulp and 7.0% soybean meal, were prepared (dry matter (DM) basis). Each TMR was placed in a plastic drum silo, stored at 23°C in an air‐conditioned room and sampled 0, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 210 days after preparation. In both grain sources, the fermentation products increased, while DM and starch storage losses increased and starch content greatly decreased during storage. The rapidly degradable fraction and effective ruminal degradability of DM, crude protein and starch increased during storage. These changes of dietary characteristics were large during 30 days of storage, but small after 90 days of storage. Replacing corn with BR led to increased fermentation products, starch loss and effective ruminal degradability of the ensiled TMR. These results indicate that the ensiling process of TMR changes the dietary characteristics and replacing corn with BR in TMR had a large impact on these dietary characteristics.  相似文献   

Diversity and community structure of wood-inhabiting fungi found in Japanese wooden houses analyzed by the next-generation sequencing     

Sakae Horisawa  Makoto Yoshida  Kiwamu Umezawa  Tomoko Wada  Hisashi Abe  Shuichi Doi  Masahiro Samejima  Ikuo Momohara 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(4):369-378

The diversity and community structures of wood-inhabiting fungi in 16 decayed wood samples from ten wooden houses in Japan were analyzed using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine the fungi responsible for wood decay. DNA of fungi in decayed wood was extracted directly, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then, sequences of tagged ITS fragments were analyzed by NGS. Results of sequencing indicated that 68 species of ascomycetes, 37 species of basidiomycetes, and one fungus each from Mortierellales and Mucoromycetes were detected. The fungal community structures showed diversity and included various species of ascomycetes. A microscopic examination of cell wall structure in decayed wood samples suggested that some ascomycetes were soft-rot fungi. Heat map analysis indicated that the similarity in the structures of fungal communities was influenced to a greater extent by the wood species of samples than where they were used as a component.  相似文献   

Rinsing of Saline Water from Road Salt in a Sandy Soil by Infiltrating Rainfall: Experiments,Simulations, and Implications     

Makoto Higashino  Andrew J. Erickson  Francesca L. Toledo-Cossu  Scott W. Beauvais  Heinz G. Stefan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(2):80

Saline melt water from road salt applications that has percolated into a fine sandy soil in winter is rinsed out of the soil by infiltrating rainwater in the following warmer seasons. This sequence of saturated and unsaturated flow processes associated with saline water transport in a fine sandy soil was studied by simulation and exploratory laboratory experiments. Experiments in soil columns of 300-μm sand revealed that two rinses of pure water, each of one pore volume, were sufficient to reduce the salt concentration by 99% of its original value in the soil column. Simulated time variations of salt concentration in the effluent from the column agreed with experimental results. Based on simulated and experimental results, a sandy soil must become saturated to experience pore water flow in order to efficiently rinse saline snowmelt water. Depending on the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil depth, days, weeks, or months of freshwater infiltration in summer are needed to rinse saline melt water from an unsaturated sandy soil after road salt applications in winter. This explains findings of significant salt concentrations in surface and shallow groundwater during summer months, long after road salt application and infiltration has ceased.  相似文献   

Effect of glyphosate on tryptamine production and Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea     

Atsuko Imaoka  Makoto Ueno  Junichi Kihara  Sakae Arase 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(2):109-116

When exposed to light, the Sekiguchi lesion (sl) rice mutant has an enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe grisea infection responsible for Sekiguchi lesion formation and tryptamine accumulation. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] pretreatment suppressed Sekiguchi lesion formation and tryptamine accumulation in the sl mutant after M. grisea infection even under light. This inhibition by glyphosate was blocked by the supply of exogenous tryptophan, but not by exogenous phenylalanine. In glyphosate-pretreated leaves, 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene expression and tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly suppressed. During tryptophan starvation, catalase activity was maintained at a high level even under light, leading to the suppression of H₂O₂ generation and DNA fragmentation. These results show a strong relationship between the tryptophan and tryptamine pathways in the induction of light-enhanced resistance to M. grisea infection in the sl mutant.  相似文献