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981.
Benítez V Mollá E Martín-Cabrejas MA Aguilera Y López-Andréu FJ Cools K Terry LA Esteban RM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):48-57
The food industry produces a large amount of onion wastes, making it necessary to search for possible ways for their utilization.
One way could be to use these onion wastes as a natural source of high-value functional ingredients, since onion are rich
in several groups of compounds, which have perceived benefits to human health. The objective of this work is to gain knowledge
of any differences between the different onion wastes obtained from industry and non-commercial bulbs to use them as food
ingredients rich in specific compounds. The results showed that brown skin and top–bottom could be potentially used as functional
ingredient rich in dietary fibre, mainly in insoluble fraction, and in total phenolics and flavonoids, with high antioxidant
activity. Moreover, brown skin showed a high concentration of quercetin aglycone and calcium, and top–bottom showed high concentration
of minerals. Outer scales could be used as source of flavonols, with good antioxidant activity and content of dietary fibre.
However, inner scales could be an interesting source of fructans and alk(en)yl cystein sulphoxides. In addition, discarded
onions (cvs Recas and Figueres) could be used as a good source of dietary fibre, and cv Recas also as a source of phenolics
compounds. 相似文献
982.
Martí MC Camejo D Vallejo F Romojaro F Bacarizo S Palma JM Sevilla F Jiménez A 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):416-423
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits are highly appreciated by producers and consumers for their economical and nutritional value. Four different cultivars
of coloured peppers in immature and mature stages were harvested throughout the spring and examined for their content of phenolic
compounds, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant capacity (TAA) as well as for lipid peroxidation and carbonyl proteins as index
of oxidative stress. Ripening and harvest period influenced the antioxidants and the development of oxidative processes in
the cultivars differently: lipid peroxidation increased in mature peppers except in one cultivar (Y1075), while no changes
in protein oxidation or in TAA were produced, except in Y1075 in which both parameters increased. Each cultivar presented
differences in antioxidant compounds depending on the harvest period, but we could recommend May as the optimal if all cultivars
have to be harvested at the same time, when levels of ascorbate, phenols and TAA were not decreased, fresh weight and proteins
were elevated, and levels of oxidation were not as high as in June (except for Y1075). A previous study of the response of
each cultivar to different environmental conditions results essential to establish a good program of selection of cultivars
with high quality and productivity. 相似文献
983.
Francisco Javier Martínez-Lobo Laura Carrascosa de Lome Francisco Díez-Fuertes Joaquim Segalés Carlos García-Artiga Isabel Simarro José María Castro Cinta Prieto 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):115
The objective of this study was to compare the safety of all modified live virus vaccines commercially available in Europe against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under the same experimental conditions. For this purpose, one hundred and twenty three-week-old piglets, divided into five groups, were used. On day 0 of the experiment, nine pigs per group were removed and the remaining fifteen were vaccinated with the commercial vaccines Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Amervac PRRS, Pyrsvac-183 and Porcilis PRRS by the IM route or were mock vaccinated and used as controls. On day 3, the nine unvaccinated pigs were re-introduced into their respective groups and served as sentinel pigs. Clinical signs were recorded daily and lung lesions were determined on days 7, 14 and 21, when 5 vaccinated pigs per group were euthanized. Blood samples and swabs were taken every three days and different organs were collected at necropsy to determine the presence of PRRSV. None of the vaccines studied caused detectable clinical signs in vaccinated pigs although lung lesions were found. Altogether, these results indicate that all vaccines can be considered clinically safe. However, some differences were found in virological parameters. Thus, neither Pyrsvac-183 nor Porcilis PRRS could be detected in porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cultures or in lung sections used to determine PRRSV by immunohistochemistry, indicating that these viruses might have lost their ability to replicate in PAM. This inability to replicate in PAM might be related to the lower transmission rate and the delay in the onset of viremia observed in these groups 相似文献
984.
E Jiménez CC Pérez‐Marín G Vizuete Y Millán EI Agüera 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):665-672
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of various extenders for the cryopreservation of epididymal cat spermatozoa, two experiments were planned. Bovine and equine commercial extenders in the experiment 1 and TRIS–egg yolk–based extenders in experiment 2 were separately studied since the number of sperm collected per cat is reduced. Epididymal sperm samples were packaged into 0.25‐ml straws and frozen. Vigour, motility, morphology, acrosome status, sperm viability and functional membrane integrity were assessed at collection, after cooling and after thawing, while DNA integrity was evaluated at 0‐ and 6‐h post‐thaw. Experiment 1 compared the effect of three non‐feline commercial extenders – based on TRIS–egg yolk (Triladyl), egg‐yolk‐free medium (AndroMed) and skimmed milk‐egg yolk (Gent) – on the quality of frozen‐thawed epididymal cat sperm. Values for sperm motility and functional membrane integrity in cooled sperm diluted in Triladyl were higher (p < 0.001) than those recorded for Andromed and Gent. Except sperm morphology, the other assessed characteristics showed significant higher values in frozen‐thawed sperm diluted in Triladyl than in Andromed and Gent extenders. Experiment 2 analysed the effects of three TRIS–egg yolk–based extenders, one non‐feline commercial (Triladyl) and the other two prepared using different monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), on freezing‐thawed sperm. Results showed that specifically prepared extenders for cryopreservation of feline spermatozoa performed better than the commercial extender Triladyl, although sperm quality during the freezing‐thawing process did not significantly differ associated with the type of monosaccharide (glucose vs fructose) added to the mentioned extenders. Although TRIS–egg yolk–based extenders prepared in experiment 2 improved sperm cryoprotection, Triladyl remains a good option for practitioners who, for ease of use and availability, prefer to work with commercial extenders. 相似文献
985.
986.
María Verónica Prego-Faraldo Vanessa Valdiglesias Josefina Méndez José M. Eirín-López 《Marine drugs》2013,11(8):2829-2845
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) constitute one of the most important sources of contamination in the oceans, producing high concentrations of potentially harmful biotoxins that are accumulated across the food chains. One such biotoxin, Okadaic Acid (OA), is produced by marine dinoflagellates and subsequently accumulated within the tissues of filtering marine organisms feeding on HABs, rapidly spreading to their predators in the food chain and eventually reaching human consumers causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) syndrome. While numerous studies have thoroughly evaluated the effects of OA in mammals, the attention drawn to marine organisms in this regard has been scarce, even though they constitute primary targets for this biotoxin. With this in mind, the present work aimed to provide a timely and comprehensive insight into the current literature on the effect of OA in marine invertebrates, along with the strategies developed by these organisms to respond to its toxic effect together with the most important methods and techniques used for OA detection and evaluation. 相似文献
987.
988.
World lamb consumption is approximately 2 kg per capita with large variations between continents, e.g., 17 kg in Oceania vs. 0.7 kg in North America. With less than one million tonnes, the international trade of sheep meat contributes to a small percentage of the total meat exchanged between countries. On the other hand, lamb represents the highest rate of species trading in relation to the total sheep meat produced. It is therefore likely to ifnd a wide variability of different lamb products in the same market, and that the conservation procedures (such as refrigeration, packaging or freezing), chemical composition, especially the fat due to its implication in human health, lfavour development and juiciness perception (affected, i.e., by the feeding or the age or slaughter weight of the animal) and acceptability (based on culinary background) could be considered important indicators of this advantageous situation. In this paper some studies related to the aforementioned indicators are discussed. 相似文献
989.
Mar��a Jos�� Leiva Juan Manuel Mancilla-Leyton ��ngel Mart��n-Vicente 《Annals of Forest Science》2013,70(1):11-20
Context
??Dehesas?? are savanna-like ecosystems of human origin that extend broadly in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula. They consist of scattered oaks (mainly Quercus ilex subsp. ballota L. holm-oak), an annual grassland layer and interspersed shrubs. These ecosystems, used for grazing and wild game, support high plant and animal biodiversity and provide important environmental services. At present, Mediterranean ??dehesas?? are endangered by the lack of oak regeneration.Aims
This paper analyses the efficiency of: (1) using shrubs as nurse plants; (2) drip irrigation of seedlings during summer; and (3) a combination of the two methods for the restoration of a ??dehesa?? in a mid-mountain Mediterranean area of southern Spain.Methods
Different techniques were tested to improve the recruitment of holm-oak seedling during a 3-year field experiment: (1) acorn plantation in open spaces, irrigating seedlings during the first dry season; (2) acorn plantation beneath the canopy of Myrtus communis L. and (3) both methods combined.Results
There was a large facilitative effect of myrtle for the recruitment of holm-oak seedlings, regardless of the supply of irrigation. This effect was associated with a large decrease in air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation beneath myrtle canopies. By contrast, summer irrigation of seedlings planted in open spaces did not improve seedling survival after 3 years despite a small and transient positive effect on seedling survival during the 1st year.Conclusion
The use of evergreen shrubs, such as myrtle, as nurse plants may be considered to restore ??dehesas?? instead of expensive seedling irrigation techniques. Several studies have promoted abandoning grazing to increase holm oak self-regeneration in ??dehesas??. However, creating closed patches of naturally occurring evergreen shrubs could provide suitable sites for oak planting when necessary, thus enhancing seedling recruitment without damaging the environmental and economic value of these ecosystems. 相似文献990.
María Xesús Gómez-Rey Manuel Madeira João Coutinho 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(2):281-295
Wood ash addition to forest soils can balance exported nutrients by tree harvesting and decrease soil acidity, but its effectiveness in Mediterranean areas has been scarcely evaluated. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of wood ash application on soil C and N dynamics, nutrient leaching and fertility in a pine stand. Treatments were loose and pelleted ash application (11 Mg ha?1), alone or combined with N fertilizer, and a control treatment. Nutrient leaching and soil chemical and biological properties were periodically evaluated for a 30-month period. Wood ash increased leaching of base cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and P, mainly at the beginning of the study. The effect was more pronounced for the loose formulation. As a consequence, a positive effect on soil nutrient availability (exchangeable base cations and extractable P) and soil acidity reduction was observed for the loose formulation in the 0–10-cm soil layer. Carbon and N dynamics were only affected when ash was applied with N fertilizer, which enhanced CO2 flux during the study period. 相似文献