Slow fertilization of stickleback eggs: the result of sexual conflict?     

Theo CM Bakker  Marc Zbinden  Joachim G Frommen  Alexander Weiss  Carlo R Largiadèr 《BMC ecology》2006,6(1):7-8

Background  

The fertilization success in sperm competition in externally fertilizing fish depends on number and quality of sperm. The time delay between sequential ejaculations may further influence the outcome of sperm competition. Such a time interval can load the raffle over fertilization if fertilization takes place very fast. Short fertilization times are generally assumed for externally fertilizing fish such as the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In this pair-spawning fish, territorial males often try to steal fertilizations in nests of neighbouring males. This sneaking behaviour causes sperm competition. Sneakers will only get a share of paternity when eggs are not fertilized immediately after sperm release. Contrary to males, females may be interested in multiple paternity of their clutch of eggs. There thus may be a sexual conflict over the speed of fertilization.  相似文献   

Comparison of the effects of topical application of UMF20 and UMF5 manuka honey with a generic multifloral honey on wound healing variables in an uncontaminated surgical equine distal limb wound model          下载免费PDF全文

AS Tsang  AJ Dart  A Sole‐Guitart  CM Dart  NR Perkins  LB Jeffcott 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(9):333-337

  相似文献   

A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

AM Morales  CM Lieber 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5348):208-211

A method combining laser ablation cluster formation and vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth was developed for the synthesis of semiconductor nanowires. In this process, laser ablation was used to prepare nanometer-diameter catalyst clusters that define the size of wires produced by VLS growth. This approach was used to prepare bulk quantities of uniform single-crystal silicon and germanium nanowires with diameters of 6 to 20 and 3 to 9 nanometers, respectively, and lengths ranging from 1 to 30 micrometers. Studies carried out with different conditions and catalyst materials confirmed the central details of the growth mechanism and suggest that well-established phase diagrams can be used to predict rationally catalyst materials and growth conditions for the preparation of nanowires.  相似文献