Binding of the respiratory chain inhibitor ametoctradin to the mitochondrial bc1 complex          下载免费PDF全文

Marcus Fehr  Antje Wolf  Gerd Stammler 《Pest management science》2016,72(3):591-602

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Mycorrhizal Hyphal Length as a Function of Plant Community Richness and Composition in Restored Northern Tallgrass Prairies (USA)     

Marcus A. Bingham  Mario Biondini 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2009,62(1):60-67

We assessed the total length of external arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae as a function of plant species and functional form richness in restored northern tallgrass prairies. Total hyphal length increased with species and functional form richness. Hyphal length also increased when plant communities were dominated by species with high root density, high root to shoot ratios, and high nitrogen use efficiency. Hyphal length was positively correlated with the biomass of late successional C₄ grasses (Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Panicum virgatum L., Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash-Gould, and Sorghastrum nutans L.), which are obligately mycorrhizal and characterized by high root to shoot ratios, and high root surface area per unit of root biomass. We thus conclude that in order to recover extraradical arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length in restored northern tallgrass prairies, at least three factors need to be given priority: 1) achieving high levels of species and functional form richness; 2) making sure that late successional C₄ grasses are present; and 3) making sure that the seed mixture includes species that are characterized by high root to shoot ratio, high root density, and high nitrogen-use efficiency.  相似文献   

Response     

Marcus Gunew  Rhett Marshall  Megan Lui  and Caroline Astley 《The Journal of small animal practice》2009,50(4):207-207

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Aboveground carbon biomass of plantation-grown American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in absence of blight     

Douglass F. Jacobs  Marcus F. Selig  Larry R. Severeid 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Forest management activities may help reduce global net CO₂ concentrations by capturing and storing atmospheric CO₂. Research related to carbon sequestration potential of plantations in North America has focused predominantly on conifers, with relatively little emphasis thus far on temperate deciduous forest tree species. American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.), a former dominant tree species in eastern North America until its demise associated with the introduced chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.), is a temperate deciduous species that holds promise for future carbon sequestration programs with expected availability of blight-resistant backcross hybrids. We quantified aboveground biomass and bole carbon of American chestnut interplanted with black walnut (Juglans nirga L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) across four blight-free experimental sites varying in site quality and/or age (8, 8, 12, and 19 years) isolated from the native American chestnut range in the Coulee Region of southwestern Wisconsin, USA. American chestnut exhibited more rapid growth and greater aboveground biomass and bole carbon than either of the other interplanted species. Aboveground biomass ranged from 46.9, 60.7, 55.0, and 179.9 Mg ha⁻¹ for the 8-, 8-, 12-, and 19-year-old sites, respectively, while bole carbon content ranged from 13.6, 18.6, 14.1, and 60.1 Mg ha⁻¹ for the 8-, 8-, 12-, and 19-year-old sites, respectively. Cross-referencing our data to studies conducted within this same physiographic region using other important forestry species (i.e., Populus tremuloides Michx., Pinus resinosa Ait., and Pinus strobus L.) showed that American chestnut compared favorably in growth and carbon uptake. Incorporating American chestnut into carbon sequestration plantations provides additional ecological and economic benefits associated with consistent production of quality nuts for wildlife, valuable timber, and contribution toward species restoration. Our data lend support to building evidence demonstrating rapid and sustained growth of American chestnut and the potential role of plantation-grown American chestnut in helping to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

Comparative stability studies of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(ethylene glycol) brush coatings     

Pidhatika B  Rodenstein M  Chen Y  Rakhmatullina E  Mühlebach A  Acikgöz C  Textor M  Konradi R 《Biointerphases》2012,7(1-4):1

Non-fouling surfaces that resist non-specific adsorption of proteins, bacteria, and higher organisms are of particular interest in diverse applications ranging from marine coatings to diagnostic devices and biomedical implants. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most frequently used polymer to impart surfaces with such non-fouling properties. Nevertheless, limitations in PEG stability have stimulated research on alternative polymers that are potentially more stable than PEG. Among them, we previously investigated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA), a peptidomimetic polymer, and found that PMOXA shows excellent anti-fouling properties. Here, we compare the stability of films self-assembled from graft copolymers exposing a dense brush layer of PEG and PMOXA side chains, respectively, in physiological and oxidative media. Before media exposure both film types prevented the adsorption of full serum proteins to below the detection limit of optical waveguide in situ measurements. Before and after media exposure for up to 2 weeks, the total film thickness, chemical composition, and total adsorbed mass of the films were quantified using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS), respectively. We found (i) that PMOXA graft copolymer films were significantly more stable than PEG graft copolymer films and kept their protein-repellent properties under all investigated conditions and (ii) that film degradation was due to side chain degradation rather than due to copolymer desorption.  相似文献   

Using Limestone to Improve Soil Fertility and Growth of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.)     

Marcus André Ribeiro Correia  Renato de Mello Prado  Willian Natale  Danilo Eduardo Rozane  Diego Wyllyam do Vale 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(8):903-912

Soil acidity is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of limestone application on the soil chemical properties, nutrition and yield of mango plants in an orchard under implementation. The design was randomized blocks, with five limestone doses (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 t ha^?1) and four replications. Soil chemical analyses were performed (at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after the experiment implementation) in the layers 0–20; 20–40 and 40–60 cm deep. Nutrition status and yield were assessed during the first and second crop seasons. The highest fruit yield was associated with the application of 3.9 and 3.8 t ha^?1 of limestone in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons, respectively, that is, the dose recommended by the literature for raising base saturation to 80%, as a function of the fertility conditions of the soil initially obtained.  相似文献   

Synthesis,theoretical studies,and effect on the photosynthetic electron transport of trifluoromethyl arylamides          下载免费PDF全文

Róbson Ricardo Teixeira  Marcus Vinícius de Andrade Barros  Gustavo Costa Bressan  Raoni Pais Siqueira  Fabíola Suelen dos Santos  Michele Bertazzini  Rudolf Kiralj  Márcia Miguel Castro Ferreira  Giuseppe Forlani 《Pest management science》2017,73(11):2360-2371

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Selenium hyperaccumulation offers protection from cell disruptor herbivores     

Colin F Quinn  John L Freeman  Ray JB Reynolds  Jennifer J Cappa  Sirine C Fakra  Matthew A Marcus  Stormy D Lindblom  Erin K Quinn  Lindsay E Bennett  Elizabeth AH Pilon-Smits 《BMC ecology》2010,10(1):19

Background  

Hyperaccumulation, the rare capacity of certain plant species to accumulate toxic trace elements to levels several orders of magnitude higher than other species growing on the same site, is thought to be an elemental defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens. Previous research has shown that selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation protects plants from a variety of herbivores and pathogens. Selenium hyperaccumulating plants sequester Se in discrete locations in the leaf periphery, making them potentially more susceptible to some herbivore feeding modes than others. In this study we investigate the protective function of Se in the Se hyperaccumulators Stanleya pinnata and Astragalus bisulcatus against two cell disrupting herbivores, the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae).  相似文献   

Suppression of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (Sulz.), citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) (Risso), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Koch.) attacks on tomatoes and cucumbers by aqueous extracts from vermicomposts     

Clive A. Edwards  Norman Q. Arancon  Marcus Vasko-Bennett  Ahmed Askar  George Keeney  Brandon Little 《Crop Protection》2010

Vermicomposts are produced through interactions between earthworms and microorganisms in the breakdown of organic wastes. Aqueous extracts were prepared in commercial brewing equipment (Growing Solutions Inc.) from vermicomposts processed from pre-consumer food waste. The ratio of vermicompost to water was 1 to 5 v:v to produce a 20% aqueous solution. The effects of soil drenches at dilutions of 20%, 10%, and 5% vermicompost extracts, were compared with those of deionized water, in the suppression of green peach aphids, mealybugs, and two spotted spider mites attacking tomatoes and cucumbers, in greenhouse cage experiments.  相似文献   

Signatures of adaptation to obligate biotrophy in the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis genome   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Baxter L  Tripathy S  Ishaque N  Boot N  Cabral A  Kemen E  Thines M  Ah-Fong A  Anderson R  Badejoko W  Bittner-Eddy P  Boore JL  Chibucos MC  Coates M  Dehal P  Delehaunty K  Dong S  Downton P  Dumas B  Fabro G  Fronick C  Fuerstenberg SI  Fulton L  Gaulin E  Govers F  Hughes L  Humphray S  Jiang RH  Judelson H  Kamoun S  Kyung K  Meijer H  Minx P  Morris P  Nelson J  Phuntumart V  Qutob D  Rehmany A  Rougon-Cardoso A  Ryden P  Torto-Alalibo T  Studholme D  Wang Y  Win J  Wood J  Clifton SW  Rogers J  Van den Ackerveken G  Jones JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1549-1551

Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.  相似文献