Involvement of circadian clock in crowing of red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus)          下载免费PDF全文

Shuichi Ito  Makiko Hirose  Mari Iwahara  Azusa Yatsushiro  Atsushi Matsumoto  Masayuki Tanaka  Chinobu Okamoto  Ken‐ichi Yayou  Tsuyoshi Shimmura 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):691-695

The rhythmic locomotor behavior of flies and mice provides a phenotype for the identification of clock genes, and the underlying molecular mechanism is well studied. However, interestingly, when examining locomotor rhythm in the wild, several key laboratory‐based assumptions on circadian behavior are not supported in natural conditions. The rooster crowing ‘cock‐a‐doodle‐doo’ is a symbol of the break of dawn in many countries. Previously, we used domestic inbred roosters and showed that the timing of roosters' crowing is regulated by the circadian clock under laboratory conditions. However, it is still unknown whether the regulation of crowing by circadian clock is observed under natural conditions. Therefore, here we used red jungle fowls and first confirmed that similar crowing rhythms with domesticated chickens are observed in red jungle fowls under the laboratory conditions. Red jungle fowls show predawn crowing before light onset under 12:12 light : dim light conditions and the free‐running rhythm of crowing under total dim light conditions. We next examined the crowing rhythms under semi‐wild conditions. Although the crowing of red jungle fowls changed seasonally under semi‐wild conditions, predawn crowing was observed before sunrise in all seasons. This evidence suggests that seasonally changed crowing of red jungle fowls is under the control of a circadian clock.  相似文献   

Effects of polyethylene glycol and a synthetic ice blocker during vitrification of immature porcine oocytes on survival and subsequent embryo development          下载免费PDF全文

Elisa Caroline da Silva Santos  Tamas Somfai  Ruth Appeltant  Thanh Quang Dang‐Nguyen  Junko Noguchi  Hiroyuki Kaneko  Kazuhiro Kikuchi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1042-1048

We evaluated the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Supercool X‐1000 (SC) as supplements during the vitrification of immature cumulus‐enclosed porcine oocytes in a solution based on 17.5% ethylene glycol + 17.5% propylene glycol. After warming, the oocytes were subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo culture. In Experiment 1, equilibration and vitrification solutions were supplemented with or without 2% (w/v) PEG (PEG+ and PEG‐, respectively). The survival rate, cleavage and blastocyst development were similar between PEG+ and PEG‐ groups; however, all values were lower than those in the non‐vitrified control. In Experiment 2, vitrification solution was supplemented with or without 1% (v/v) SC (SC+ and SC‐, respectively). The percentages of survival and blastocyst development were similar between SC+ and SC‐ groups but lower than those in the non‐vitrified control. The percentage of cleavage in the SC‐ group was significantly lower than the control and the SC+ groups, which were in turn similar to one another. In both experiments, the cell numbers in blastocysts were not significantly different among the non‐vitrified and vitrified groups. In conclusion, PEG did not improve oocyte survival and embryo development, whereas SC improved the ability of surviving oocytes to cleave but not to develop into blastocysts.  相似文献   

Factors influencing smallholder commercial tree planting in Isabel Province,the Solomon Islands     

Stephanie Versteeg  Christian Pilegaard Hansen  Mariève Pouliot 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(2):375-392

  相似文献   

Quality and Fertilizing Ability In Vivo of Sex‐Sorted Stallion Spermatozoa     

G Mari  G Rizzato  B Merlo  E Iacono  D Bucci  E Seren  C Tamanini  G Galeati  M Spinaci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):331-335

Little information is available on the quality of stallion spermatozoa after sex sorting. The objectives of the present study were to assess the quality of sex‐sorted stallion spermatozoa and determine its fertilizing ability after hysteroscopic low dose insemination. Ejaculates from four stallions were collected and sorted by a MoFlo SX^® flow cytometer/sperm sorter. Before and after sorting, spermatozoa were evaluated for motility by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis, viability (SYBR 14‐propidium iodide), mitochondrial function (JC‐1) and acrosomal status (fluorescein isothiocyanate Pisum sativum agglutinin conjugated). A fertility trial was carried out on four mares (seven oestrous cycles) by hysteroscopic insemination, depositing 5 × 10⁶ X‐bearing spermatozoa. Sex sorting resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in all motility characteristics. Sperm viability and percentage of spermatozoa with functional mitochondria were not affected by the sorting process, while the percentage of reacted spermatozoa was higher (p < 0.01) for non‐sorted than sorted spermatozoa. Pregnancy rate was 28.6% (2/7) after low dose hysteroscopic insemination. Only one pregnancy was carried to term with the birth of a healthy filly. In conclusion, despite the reduction in sperm motility, sex sorting did not impair stallion sperm viability and mitochondrial activity immediately post‐thaw; moreover, the sexed spermatozoa retained the ability to fertilize in vivo.  相似文献   

Nuclear Replacement of In Vitro‐Matured Porcine Oocytes by a Serial Centrifugation and Fusion Method     

N Maedomari  K Kikuchi  T Nagai  M Fahrudin  H Kaneko  J Noguchi  M Nakai  M Ozawa  T Somfai  LV Nguyen  J Ito  N Kashiwazaki 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):659-665

The objective of the present study was to establish a method for nuclear replacement in metaphase‐II (M‐II) stage porcine oocytes. Karyoplasts containing M‐II chromosomes (K) and cytoplasts without chromosomes (C) were produced from in vitro‐matured oocytes by a serial centrifugation method. The oocytes were then reconstructed by fusion of one karyoplast with 1, 2, 3 or 4 cytoplasts (K + 1C, K + 2C, K + 3C and K + 4C, respectively). Reconstructed oocytes, karyoplasts without fusion of any cytoplast (K) and zona‐free M‐II oocytes (control) were used for experiments. The rates of female pronucleus formation after parthenogenetic activation in all groups of reconstructed oocytes (58.2–77.4%) were not different from those of the K and control groups (58.2% and 66.0%, respectively). In vitro fertilization was carried out to assay the fertilization ability and subsequent embryonic development of the reconstructed oocytes. The cytoplast : karyoplast ratio did not affect the fertilization status (penetration and male pronuclear formation rates) of the oocytes. A significantly high monospermy rate was found in K oocytes (p < 0.05, 61.6%) compared with the other groups (18.2–32.8%). Blastocyst formation rates increased significantly as the number of the cytoplasts fused with karyoplasts increased (p < 0.05, 0.0–15.3%). The blastocyst rate in the K + 4C group (15.3%) was comparable with that of the control (17.8%). Total cell numbers in both the K + 3C and K + 4C groups (16.0 and 15.3 cells, respectively) were comparable with that of the control (26.2 cells). Our results demonstrate that a serial centrifugation and fusion (Centri‐Fusion) is an effective method for producing M‐II chromosome transferred oocytes with normal fertilization ability and in vitro development. It is suggested that the number of cytoplasts fused with a karyoplast plays a critical role in embryonic development.  相似文献   

Biological control of postharvest diseases by microbial antagonists: how many mechanisms of action?     

A. Di Francesco  C. Martini  M. Mari 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(4):711-717

  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated persimmon plantlets     

M. Marin  A. Mari  M. Ibarra  L. Garcia-Ferriz 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):734-738

Summary

Growth, development and nutrient status of micropropagated persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ‘Rojo Brillante’ in response to inoculation with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were studied under nursery conditions. The species of AM fungi were Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae. Shoot growth depression and low root colonization percentage were observed to G. mosseae inoculation. Shoot and root growth enhancements were observed for plants colonised by G. intraradices. Inoculated plantlets with G. intraradices and high level of controlled-release fertilizer signi®cantly decreased shoot height in relation to treatment with low fertilization level. Furthermore, G. intraradices had unique effects on the mineral status of the persimmon plantlets. N and Ca were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, within the shoot tissue of plants colonised by G. intraradices. Early inoculation with G. intraradices appears to favour growth of micropropagated persimmon plantlets.  相似文献   

Epicatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate content in various tea cultivars (Camellia sinensis L.) and its in vitro inhibitory effect on histamine release     

Maeda-Yamamoto M  Ema K  Monobe M  Tokuda Y  Tachibana H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(9):2165-2170

It has been reported that epigallocatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG3″Me) and the EGCG3″Me-rich green tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) cultivar 'Benifuuki' exhibit antiallergic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various tea leaf catechins on histamine release from murine bone marrow mast cells (BMMC). At a dose of 50 μg/mL, the rank order of histamine release inhibition was observed to be epicatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (ECG3″Me) > gallocatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (GCG3″Me) > EGCG3″Me > gallocatechin-gallate (GCG) > catechin-gallate (CG) > EGCG > epicatechin-gallate (ECG) > epigallocatechin (EGC) > gallocatechin (GC). Of the various tea cultivars analyzed by HPLC, the greatest content of ECG3″Me was found in the third crop of 'Benifuuki' (1.05% dry weight). Moreover, ECG3″Me content was positively correlated with EGCG3″Me content in 'Benifuuki' tea leaves. In an assay of mixtures of ECG3″Me and EGCG3″Me, inhibitory activity (50 μg/mL in total) was increased as the content of ECG3″Me increased. This suggests that ECG3″Me might link to the antiallergic effect of 'Benifuuki' tea, as has been reported for EGCG3″Me.  相似文献   

Gene response in rice plants treated with continuous fog influenced by pH,was similar to that treated with biotic stress     

Kouji Satoh  Shoko Saji  Shoko Ito  Hideyuki Shimizu  Hikaru Saji  Shoshi Kikuchi 《Rice》2014,7(1):10

Background

Throughout Asia, including Japan, rice plants are cultivated in a wide range of areas from lowlands to highlands and are frequently exposed to fog, including acid fog. Some physiological studies have shown that acid fog can be a stress factor for plants. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of rice plants treated with artificially prepared simulated acid fog (SiAF) or simulated neutral fog (SiNF) for 1 or 7 days.

Results

Microarray analysis results suggested that both the SiAF and the SiNF treatments induced the expression of genes involved in the defense and stress responses in rice plants. Induction of such genes was detected in plants treated with SiAF for 1 day, and the number of induced genes increased in plants treated with SiAF for 7 days. The genes for defense and stress responses were also induced by SiNF for 7 days, although they were not induced by SiNF for 1 day. The gene expression profiles of the SiAF-treated and the SiNF-treated plants were compared to those of plants treated with other stress factors. The comparison revealed that both SiAF and SiNF treatments have similar effects to biotic stresses and ozone stress. The genes encoding NADPH oxidase and germin, which function in apoplasts, were also induced by SiAF, SiNF and biotic stresses.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that both the SiAF and the SiNF treatments may result in oxidative stress through the apoplastic production of reactive oxygen species.  相似文献   

The quality of cryopreserved sperm collected from feline caudal epididymides stored at room temperature     

Toyonaga M  Kaihara A  Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(10):1395-1398

On the assumption that animals of wild feline species died in the field, caudal epididymal sperm were cryopreserved following storage of the feline epididymides at 20°C for 0-24 hr, and their qualities were observed. Compared to the qualities at 0 hr, no significant differences were noted following 12 hr of storage at 20°C. On comparison of the qualities between caudal sperm cryopreserved after 24 hr storage at 4°C and after 12 hr at 20°C followed by 12 hr storage at 4°C, no significant differences were noted. These findings suggest that the cryopreserved sperm collected from epididymides of dead animals might be useful for artificial insemination if cryopreservation was performed within 12 hr exposure to ambient temperature.  相似文献