Methyl bromide in natural fresh waters: Hydrolysis and volatilisation     

Irene Abbattista Gentile  Lucia Ferraris  Mario Sanguinetti  Marinela Tiprigan  Giuseppina Fisichella 《Pest management science》1992,34(3):297-301

The effect of some physical factors on the processes (hydrolysis, volatilisation) regulating the persistence of methyl bromide in fresh surface waters was investigated to complement previous research. It has been confirmed that electromagnetic radiation in the visible field has no influence on the hydrolysis kinetics of the fumigant. The removal of methyl bromide by volatilisation from stirred and ventilated solutions appears to be of greater importance in practice. It has been shown that under these conditions the half-life is directly proportional to the liquid depth. Without stirring volatilisation is greatly reduced, due to the low diffusivity of methyl bromide in the aqueous phase.  相似文献   

An initial survey of the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) in Nicaragua     

Villarino MA  Garcia O  Fussell W  Preston K  Wagner GG 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,61(4):333-338

After the civil war and the Hurricane-Mitch disaster, cattlemen in Nicaragua were forced to transport their cattle from lowland areas to higher, dryer areas of the country. These areas are natural ecological niches for the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) (Diptera: Cuterebridae). To determine the importance of this infestation, the Agricultural and Livestock-Forestry Ministry selected a central area of Nicaragua to run a pioneer survey program to acquire information about hosts involved, number of cases, treatments applied and general knowledge of 42 farmers about the life cycle of the parasite. The subjects were either farm owners or farm managers. Ninety-five percentage of the farms indicated cases of D. hominis infestation in their animals, with cattle being the most affected host (100% of the affected farms). There was poor understanding of the D. hominis life cycle, vectors and control methods. A misuse of insecticides for the treatment of larval infestation by D. hominis was indicated.  相似文献   

hCG is more effective than the GnRH agonist buserelin for inducing the first ovulation of the breeding season in mares     

Diana Fanelli  Matteo Tesi  Alessandra Rota  Massimiliano Beltramo  Giuseppe Conte  Mario Giorgi  Giovanni Barsotti  Francesco Camillo  Duccio Panzani 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(2):306-311

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The decline of Austrocedrus chilensis forests in Patagonia, Argentina: soil features as predisposing factors     

Ludmila La Manna  Mario Rajchenberg 《Forest Ecology and Management》2004,190(2-3):345-357

The forests of Austrocedrus chilensis in southern Argentina suffer mortality from “mal del ciprés”, whose causes remain unknown. The purpose of this work was to establish the relation of soil features with the occurrence of the disease. In Río Grande Valley, Chubut Province, Argentina, 14 areas with “mal del ciprés” were selected for study. The spatial pattern of the decline varied among the different areas and was classified as aggregated and disaggregated. In each area, symptomatic and asymptomatic plots were established and characterized by 11 edaphic and topographic variables. Three forest areas where the disease was totally absent were also included. Site features were related to the occurrence of the decline using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Results indicated that soil properties related to poor internal drainage, such as the proximity to water streams, non-allophanized soils of fine textures, and redoximorphic features, act as predisposing factors to the development of “mal del ciprés”. Poor soil drainage was strongly associated not only with the occurrence of the disease, but also with its spatial pattern. Symptomatic and asymptomatic plots presented similar edaphic features in areas with a disaggregated distribution of the decline and were grouped together in the multivariate analysis. This result suggests that large areas with such a pattern are prone to develop the decline.  相似文献   

Stand structure of an uneven-aged fir–beech forest with an irregular diameter structure: modeling the development of the Belevine forest, Croatia     

Juro Čavlović  Mario Božić  Andrej Boncina 《European Journal of Forest Research》2006,125(4):325-333

This study focuses on the problem of irregular diameter structure in a silver fir–beech selection (plenter) forest with a “surplus” of large diameter trees and a lack of natural regeneration and small diameter trees. We sampled 274 plots (900 m² each) in the Belevine research site (266.24 ha) in the mountain region Gorski Kotar (Croatia), where diameter (dbh) distribution, diameter increment, and natural regeneration were analyzed in detail. A low density of natural regeneration, weak annual recruitment of small (10 cm dbh) diameter trees (only five trees per hectare), delayed diameter growth of trees, and a low annual rate of trees reaching the next dbh class were attributed to the current irregular dbh structure. The stand development prediction for the next 50 years is based on a simulation model, which considers the current diameter structure, increment, recruitment, and future cutting regime. Intensive cutting in the first of five 10-year cutting cycles (intensity higher of 25%) is needed to initiate natural regeneration and to accelerate growth of young silver fir trees. In the next 50 years, the irregular diameter structure will be gradually improved.  相似文献   

Can the use of large,alternative nursery containers aid in field establishment of Juglans regia and Quercus robur seedlings?     

Barbara Mariotti  Alberto Maltoni  Pier Mario Chiarabaglio  Achille Giorcelli  Douglass F. Jacobs  Roberto Tognetti  Andrea Tani 《New Forests》2015,46(5-6):773-794

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Early introduction of water and complementary feeding and nutritional status of children in northern Senegal     

Gupta N  Gehri M  Stettler N 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(11):1299-1304

OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is responsible globally for 60% of deaths among children under 5 years and is often attributed to suboptimal feeding practices. In response, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of life. The objective of this study was to determine if an association exists between the early introduction of water and complementary foods (CFs) and the nutritional status of children in northern Senegal. DESIGN/SETTING/SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional study of 374 children in the Podor Health District between the ages of 6 and 23 months was conducted. Knowledge and behaviours of mothers regarding introduction of water and CFs were assessed via individual interviews. RESULTS: Water was introduced to about 85% of the children in the first 3 months of life and 62% were fed CFs before 6 months. Overall, 16% had clinically significant wasting (weight-for-length Z-score (WHZ) less than - 2) and 20% had stunting (height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) less than - 2). There was no significant association between wasting or stunting and introduction of water before 3 months (WHZ: odds ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.46-2.14, P = 0.97; HAZ: 0.68, 0.34-1.36, P = 0.3) or introduction of CFs before 6 months (WHZ: 0.81, 0.46-1.42, P = 0.5; HAZ: 0.79, 0.46-1.35, P = 0.4). A significant association was found between wasting and male sex, age, living in Guede community, drinking river/pond water and large family size, while stunting was associated with age and drinking tap water. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that early introduction of water and CFs is frequent and is not associated with increased risk for malnutrition among children from this region of northern Senegal, but the possibility of reverse causality cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

Attract,reward and disrupt: responses of pests and natural enemies to combinations of habitat manipulation and semiochemicals in organic apple     

Pålsson  Joakim  Porcel  Mario  Dekker  Teun  Tasin  Marco 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):619-631

The widespread use of pesticides along with the simplification of the landscape has had undesirable effects on agroecosystems, such as the loss of biodiversity and the associated ecosystem service biological control. How current production systems can be remodelled to allow for a re-establishment of biological pest control, while preserving productivity, is a major challenge. Here, we tested whether a combination of tools could augment or synergize biological control of insect pests in apple (Malus domestica), comprised of a tortricid pest complex, a geometrid pest complex and the rosy apple aphid. The tools aimed at disrupting mating behaviour of multiple pest species (multispecies mating disruption, “Disrupt”, MMD), attracting natural enemies (a blend of herbivory-induced volatiles, “Attract”, A), or providing refuge and rewards for a diverse insect community (perennial flower strip, “Reward”, R) over a 3-year period. Suction samples were consistently richer in generalist predators but not in parasitoids when multiple tools including MMD?+?A?+?R or MMD?+?A were employed. In addition, lepidopteran pest levels were significantly lower in these plots than in MMD or MMD?+?R at the end of the 3-year experiment. This was, however, not reflected in survival of artificially established aphid colonies. Our data indicates that multiple, complementary tools can greatly enhance natural enemy level, but also that long-term implementation is needed to fully realize the augmentatory or synergistic potential of complementary components and restore biological control as an ecosystem service of practical relevance.

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Cholecystocutaneous fistula containing multiple gallstones in a dog     

Martina Fabbi  Antonella Volta  Fausto Quintavalla  Elena Zubin  Sabrina Manfredi  Filippo M. Martini  Luciana Mantovani  Mario Tribaudino  Giacomo Gnudi 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(12):1163-1166

A 7-year-old dog was presented with a history of an open lesion on the right thoracic wall, discharging honey-like fluid and small stones. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic fistulography identified a cholecystocutaneous fistula; cholecystectomy was curative. Veterinarians should consider this disease in patients with long-term discharging lesions on the right thoracic or abdominal wall.  相似文献   

Innate immune response to a H3N2 subtype swine influenza virus in newborn porcine trachea cells,alveolar macrophages,and precision-cut lung slices     

Mario Delgado-Ortega  Sandrine Melo  Darsaniya Punyadarsaniya  Christelle Ramé  Michel Olivier  Denis Soubieux  Daniel Marc  Ga?lle Simon  Georg Herrler  Mustapha Berri  Jo?lle Dupont  Fran?ois Meurens 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):42

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